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STEDT #126

*s/r-ma(ŋ/k)

DREAM
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlemaKprefixs/rinitialmrhymea((ŋ/k))coverM · NT

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*maŋ ‘DREAM’PKC #763
Central Naga (Ao Group)*maŋ ‘DREAM’PCN #196
Tangkhulic*maŋ ‘DREAM’DRM#476
Tamangish*ᴬmaŋ ‘DREAM (n)’
Tamangish*ᴮmaŋ ‘DREAM, to (v)’
Lolo-Burmese*s-makᴴ ⪤ *s-maŋ¹ ‘DREAM’
Karenic*maŋᴮ ‘DREAM (v.)’TL#90

Connections

HPTB*r/s-maŋ ⪤ *mak ‘dream’pp. 268, 302, 310, 325, 521

Notes

This root shows variation between the velar homorganic stop and nasal, perhaps due to interference from the root-initial nasal. For a similar variational pattern, see #257 PTB *d-mak WAR / SOLDIER.

This root frequently occurs as second element in compounds where the first element is #127 PTB *s-y(i/u)p SLEEP.

夢. STC #82 *r-maŋ; LTSR #144 PLB *s-mak⪤*s-maŋ; GSR 902a-b.

Chinese comparandum

夢 OC *mi̯ŭng, GSR #902a-b ‘dream’; B & S 2011: *C.məŋ-s; Mand. mèng.

Reflexes & cognates533 reflexes · 54 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)2

*Sino-Tibetan(r-)mɑŋ~(r-)mɑːŋ ‘dream’Chou 72: 902a-b
*Sino-Tibetanmjəng ‘dream’Coblin 86: 66

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)10

*Tibeto-Burmanr/s-maŋ ⪤ mak ‘dream’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 601

1.1.1.1Western Tani14

Galo`maa◦namsuffix v:c.arg.‘dream’GLDC 09 Galo

1.1.2Deng14

Kaman [Miju]kɑ³¹morphememuŋ³⁵ n‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0699.23
Kaman [Miju]kɑ³¹morphememuŋ³⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.48
Kaman [Miju]tə́prefix-ʔmûŋ v.‘dream’Weidert 87 TBTo: 270

1.2Kuki-Chin1

1.2.1.1Northern Chin8

Kuki-Chinmumorpheme◦mang v‘dream’Haokip 98: 1.18
Sizangmang ‘dream’VanBik 09 PKC: 763
Thadomâng ‘dream’VanBik 09 PKC: 763
Thadomʌ̀ŋ ‘dream’Thirumalai 72: 66
Tiddimmang¹ ‘dream’VanBik 09 PKC: 763
Tiddimmaŋ³ (n.) v.‘dream’Luce 85: G.56
Tiddimˊmaŋ n‘dream’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin3

Ashoaprefix◦maung ‘dream’VanBik 09 PKC: 763
Cho (Mindat)ngprefix-mang ‘dream’VanBik 09 PKC: 763
Khumiaprefix◦maang ‘dream’VanBik 09 PKC: 763

1.2.2Central Chin9

Lai (Hakha)maŋ⁵ v.‘dream’Luce 85: G.56
Paangkhuaramorpheme◦màng ‘dream’Løffler 85 Paa

1.2.3Maraic2

1.2.4“Old Kuki”3

Kom Remrəm̥əŋ v‘dream’Toba 91 KRQ: 1.18
Moyonrumʌ́ŋ lsə́morpheme v‘dream’Kosha 90: 1.18

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)11

Ao (Chungli)mang◦pumorpheme n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)puŋ³morphememaŋ³ n./v.‘dream, vision; dream’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.215
Ao (Chungli)púŋmorpheme◦máŋ v.‘dream’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 9
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)aprefix◦mang n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagao¹prefix-məŋ³ n.‘dream’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.196
Lotha Naga-oprefix◦mang- n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaoprefix◦müng ‘dream’Murry 78: 35
Lotha Nagaoprefix◦mung v‘dream’Nienu 90 LotQ: 1.18

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Ntenyiaprefix◦mang n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic13

Huishusəmorpheme-mo ‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk: People.092
Huishuʔaprefix-mo-kʰəprefix-remorpheme v.‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk: People.091
Kachaikəprefix-pʰəmorpheme-mɐn v.t.‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk: People.086
Kachaiʔamorpheme-ma ‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk: People.087
Tangkhulmang n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhulmən ‘dream’Bhat 69 TNV: 88
Tangkhulməŋ ‘dream’Bhat 69 TNV: 88
Tangkhul²məŋ ²šoŋmorpheme v.‘dream’Weidert 87 TBTo: 270
Tusomma-sxommorpheme-pamorpheme n.‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk: People.091
Ukhrulkəprefix-ʃimorpheme-mɐn ‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk
Ukhrulmɐŋ ‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk
Ukhrulmɐŋ-soŋ ‘dream’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei3

Meitheimang n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheiməŋ ‘dream’Abbi 85
Meitheiməŋ məŋ◦bəsuffix v.‘dream’Singh 91 MeiQ: 1.18

1.5Mikir [Karbi]6

Mikir [Karbi]heprefix◦mān v.‘dream’Grüssner 79 BP: 224
Mikir [Karbi]māng heprefix◦màn- v.‘dream’Grüssner 79 BP: 161
Mikir [Karbi]māŋ|(ʔ) v.‘dream’Weidert 87 TBTo: 270

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte5

Noctemʌŋ ‘dream’French 83: 479
Nocte²mʌŋ(ʔ) ‘dream’Weidert 87 TBTo: 28
Tangsa¹mʌŋ(ʔ) v.‘dream’Weidert 87 TBTo: 270
Tangsa¹mʌŋ(ʔ) ‘dream’Weidert 87 TBTo: 28

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang7

Changmang n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Changmaŋ ‘dream’French 83: 479
Konyakmang n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyakmaŋ ‘dream’French 83: 479
Phommang n‘dream’Marrison 67 Naga
Phommaŋ ‘dream’French 83: 479
Phommaŋ³³ ‘dream’Burling 98 Phom

1.7.3.1Jingpho11

Jingphomang ‘dream’Coblin 86: 67
Jingphoma̱ŋ³³ v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.19

2.1.1Western Himalayish5

Bunanmaŋs raremorpheme v.‘dream’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 1.18
Byangsimaŋ n.‘dream’Sharma 2003: 534
Kanaurimaṅ n‘dream’Bailey 11
Kanaurimaṅ◦migʻmorpheme vi‘dream’Bailey 11
Pattani [Manchati]maŋ◦apimorpheme v‘dream’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 1.18

2.1.2Bodic6

Tsangla (Motuo)moŋ¹³ ɕe⁵⁵morpheme ‘dream’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)moŋ◦ɕimorpheme ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.7
Tsangla (Tilang)moŋ◦ɕumorpheme ‘dream’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)mre³⁵ pʰre⁵⁵morpheme ‘dream’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)mi³¹pren⁵⁵morpheme ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.6
Motuo Menbamoŋ ɕimorpheme n‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0699.07

2.1.4Tamangish22

*TGTMᴬmaŋ n‘dream’Mazaudon 94 These: 751
*TGTMᴮmaŋ ‘to dream’Mazaudon 94 These: 752
Gurung (Ghachok)mõhɖ mõh◦basuffix ‘imagine / dream’Glover 72 GuVo
Gurung (Ghachok)mõhɖ mõh◦baqsuffix ‘dream’Glover 72 GuVo: 10.B.3.37
Gurung³mõ-ɖ(a) n‘dream’Mazaudon 94 These: 751
Gurung⁴mõ- v‘dream’Mazaudon 94 These: 752
Manang (Gyaru)maŋ¹ maŋ² basuffix V‘dream’Nagano 84 Man: 109
Tamang (Sahu)mahŋ 'mahŋ-pasuffix n-v‘dream’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.C.37
Thakali (Syang)¹¹maŋ ¹¹jaŋmorpheme ²¹'¹¹tomorpheme-dzemorpheme n‘dream’Mazaudon 94 These: 752
Thakali (Tukche)mahŋ mahŋ-lɔmorpheme n-v‘dream’Hari 71a ThVo: 10.B.3.37

2.2Newar3

Newar (Dolakhali)maŋ◦ɔsmorpheme khwɔnmorpheme- ‘dream’Genetti 90 Dola
Newarmhɔ◦ne v.‘dream’morpheme · morpheme · morphemeShakya 89: 1.18

2.3.3Central Kiranti7

Dumimoː◦mərəŋdi ‘disembodied spirit of a woman’morpheme · morphemeMichailovsky 91 Kr: 166
Dumimoː◦məsiʔim ‘disembodied spirit of a woman’morpheme · morphemeMichailovsky 91 Kr: 166
Khaling√moŋ- v.‘dream’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 48

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang12

Chepangbyalʔmorpheme.maŋʔ n.‘empty, non-significant dream’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbyalʔmorpheme.maŋʔ n.‘meaningless dream’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepanghmuŋʰ-sasuffix ‘sleep’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.B.2.16
Chepangmaŋ.yaŋmorpheme n.‘dream (B)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmaŋʔ n.‘dream, vision’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmaŋʔ- vi.‘dream, see vision, be in trance’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmaŋʔ-kamorpheme cyəwʔmorpheme-sasuffix ‘dream’Caughley 72 CVoc: 10.B.3.37
Chepangmaŋʔ-khamorpheme ‘dream’Weidert 87 TBTo: 28
Chepangmaŋʔ.khamorpheme n.‘dream world, visited in visions, dreams’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang (Eastern)maŋʔ◦kamorpheme cyəwʔmorpheme◦naʔmorpheme v‘dream’Caughley 90 CheQ: 1.18
Magarhmaŋ-naŋmorpheme daŋmorpheme ‘dream’Benedict 72 STC: 35n114

3.1Tangut1

3.2Qiangic44

Guiqiongmɔ̃³⁵ v‘dream’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Guiqiongmɔ̃³⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.17
Muyanɐ³³morphememi⁵³ v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.15
Muya [Minyak]mɐ⁵⁵morphememi⁵⁵ v.‘dream’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 1.18
Muya [Minyak]nɐ⁵⁵morphememi⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.15
Qiang (Longxi)mò (zè)morpheme v.‘dream’Evans 99 Qiang: 2171
Qiang (Longxi)mò zèmorpheme n.‘dream’Evans 99 Qiang: 1029
Qiang (Mawo)kumorpheme ʐmu v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.08
Qiang (Mawo)rmu ʁemorpheme ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.8
Qiang (Mawo)rmu◦ʁemorpheme ‘dream’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Mawo)rmu◦ʁimorpheme v‘dream’Sun H 91 MawQ: 1.18
Qiang (Taoping)χmu⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 81 Qia
Queyu (Xinlong)(rmo⁵⁵lo⁵⁵morpheme) rmo¹³ v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.13
Queyu (Xinlong)rmo⁵⁵lo⁵⁵morpheme n‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0699.13
Zhaba (Daofu County)ʌ⁵⁵morphemem̥a⁵⁵ v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.14

3.3rGyalrongic3

Ergong (Danba)ntshɛmorpheme lma ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.14
Ergong (Danba)ntsʰɛmorpheme lma v.‘dream’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 1.18
Ergong (Daofu)ʔtshamorpheme ɬmɑ v.‘dream’Dai 89 Daof: 1.18

3.3.1rGyalrong42

rGyalrongtaprefix rmo ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.12
rGyalrongtaprefix r̥mo kəmorpheme pamorpheme v.‘dream’Dai 89 Jiar: 1.18
rGyalrong (Eastern)taprefix◦rmo v‘dream’Sun H 91 rEQ: 1.18
rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɑprefix rmo kəmorpheme pɑmorpheme v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.11
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Munashan)ˊwɐmorpheme rmo ˊkomorpheme peˀmorpheme v‘dream’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0500
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Qiongshan)ˊwᴀmorpheme rmo ˊkomorpheme pemorpheme v‘dream’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0500
rGyalrongtaprefix rmo ‘dream’Nagano 97 GyQ: 148
rGyalrongtaprefix rmo namorpheme vomorpheme v‘dream’Nagano 97 GyQ: 1.18
rGBenzhentaprefix-rmo ‘dream’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic20

Anongmaŋ⁵⁵ n,v‘dream’Sun J 88 Ano
Nungmɑŋ⁵⁵ n‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0699.21
Nungmɑŋ⁵⁵ v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.21
Anongmɑŋ⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.44
Dulongmlɑŋ⁵⁵ n‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0699.20
Dulongmlɑŋ⁵⁵ v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.20
Trung [Dulong]mlɑŋ⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.46
Trung [Dulong]mləŋ mləŋ v.‘dream’Benedict 72 STC: 31n98
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)mlɑk⁵⁵ kɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘talking in one's sleep’Dulong -k has assimilated to the following syllable.Note metathesis of *r- prefix with the Dulong glide -l-.Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)mlɑ̆ŋ⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 82 Dul

5Tujia8

Tujia (Northern)mu3zi3morpheme vi.‘dream’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)mu²¹ tsi²¹morpheme ‘dream’Tian 86
Tujiamu²¹ tsi²¹morpheme dzi²¹morpheme v‘dream’Chen 86 TuBQ: 1.18
Tujiamu²¹tsi²¹morpheme n‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0699.49
Tujiamu²¹tsi²¹morpheme v.‘dream’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1821.49
Tujiamu²¹tsi²¹morpheme ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.38
Tujia (Northern)mu³zi³morpheme v‘dream’Brassett 06 Tujia: 4.6
Tujia (Southern)mu̵³⁵ ‘dream’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese5

*Lolo-Burmeses-mak ~ s-maŋ ‘dream’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 144
*Lolo-Burmeses-mak ⪤ s-maŋ ‘dream’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 144

6.1.1Burmish53

Burmese (Written)hmang- ‘dream (in compounds)’WB preserves nasal-final allofam.Coblin 86: 67
Burmese (Written)hmaŋ- ‘dream ( comp. )’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)hmaŋ-takmorpheme-misuffix vs.‘possessed’Benedict 72 STC: 82
Burmese (Written)hmaŋ-tsamorpheme-saŋmorpheme ‘walk in sleep’LaPolla 87: 82
Burmese (Written)hmaŋ-tsamorpheme-saŋmorpheme ‘walk in sleep’Benedict 72 STC: 82
Lashimɔ:ʔ³¹ v.‘dream’Dai 89 Lash: 1.18
Marmamaʔ v‘dream’Huziwara 08 Sak: 109
Marmaoiʔmorpheme◦maʔ n‘dream’Huziwara 08 Sak: 109a

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish37

Nasuma 44s ‘dream’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 144
Nusu (Central)m̥a̱⁵³ ‘dream’Dai 89 NusB: 1009.
Nusu (Southern)m̥õ⁵³ ‘dream’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)m̥ɑ̱⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)m̥ɑ⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)m̥ɑ̱⁵⁵ ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.45

6.1.2.2Central Loloish37

Lahumâʔ ‘dream’Benedict 72 STC: 82
Lisumyá3 ‘dream’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 144
Lisu (Putao)o⁵morphememyɑ³ v.‘dream’Luce 85: G.56

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish18

Hani (Caiyuan)ma̱³³ me⁵⁵morpheme ‘dream’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Caiyuan)ma̱³³me⁵⁵morpheme ‘dream’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 519.30
Mpimaŋʔ³ ‘dream’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 78
Mpimaŋʔ³ v.‘dream’Srinuan 76

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish6

6.2Naxi8

7Karenic22

*Karenmaŋᴮ v.‘dream’Luangthongkum 13: 90
Kayahmɛ¹¹ v.‘dream’Luangthongkum 13: 90
Kayanmaŋ¹¹ v.‘dream’Luangthongkum 13: 90
Kayawmɔ¹¹ v.‘dream’Luangthongkum 13: 90
Pa-O (Northern)beŋ¹morpheme mɑŋ² v.‘dream’Luce 85: G.56
Pa-Obeɲŋmorpheme mâŋ ‘dream’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Obiŋmorpheme-maŋ ‘dream’Benedict 72 STC: 142n384
Pa-O (Southern)maŋ⁵⁵ v.‘dream’Luangthongkum 13: 90
Pwo (Northern)mɛ̃¹¹¨ v.‘dream’Luangthongkum 13: 90
Pwo (Southern)mɔ̃³³ v.‘dream’Luangthongkum 13: 90

9.0.1Old Chinese5

Chinese (Old/Mid)mi̯ŭng/mi̯ung- ‘dream’Karlgren 57 GSR: 902a-b
Chinese (Old/Mid)mi̯ǔŋ/mi̯uŋ ‘dream’Chou 72: 902a-b
Chinese (Old/Mid)muŋ ‘darkened / blind’Chou 72: 902a-b
Chinese (Old)mi̯ŭŋ v.‘dream’Luce 85: G.56

9.0.2Middle Chinese2

Chinese (Middle)mien ‘shut the eyes; sleep’Coblin 86: 134

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #126, *s/r-ma(ŋ/k) ‘DREAM’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/126
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#082, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-126,
  title  = {{*s/r-ma(ŋ/k) 'DREAM'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #126},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/126}
}