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STEDT #257

*d-mak

WAR / SOLDIER
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · provisional

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*makᴸ ‘SOLDIER’HPTB p.35
Loloish*C-makᴸ ‘SOLDIER’

Notes

rGyalrongic dialects often have the homorganic final nasal instead of the stop, perhaps due to assimilation to the initial consonant. For a similar variation, see #126 PTB *s/r-ma(ŋ/k) DREAM.

Chinese comparandum

武 OC *mi̯wo, GSR #104a-e ‘military’; Coblin 86: *; Schuessler 2007:519 *maʔ; B & S 2011: *maʔ {m(r)aʔ; Mand. wǔ.

Reflexes & cognates160 reflexes · 20 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetandmjak ‘martial / war’Coblin 86: 107

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmand-mak ‘war / soldier’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 601
*Tibeto-Burmand-mak ‘war / army / soldier’Matisoff 83 TIL: 35

1.1.1.1Western Tani7

Bokar*ñəmorpheme-mok ‘army’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar*ñəmorpheme-mok ‘soldier’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarȵəmorpheme mok n‘soldier’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0179.24
Bokar Lhobaȵəmorpheme mok ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.51
Bokar Lhobaȵəmorpheme mok ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.51
Galo`ɲimorpheme◦mak n.‘war’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoɲimorpheme-mak momorpheme-nammorpheme v‘war’Das Gupta 63 Gal

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Milangtamorpheme-mak ‘war’Tayeng 76 Mil

2.1.2Bodic12

Tsangla (Motuo)mak puŋmorpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.7
Tshona (Wenlang)mɑk⁵⁵puŋ⁵⁵morpheme ‘army’Lu 86 CuoM
Motuo Menbamaʔ phimorpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.07
Cuona Menbamak⁵⁵ja³¹morpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan24

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hmak ȵəmorpheme ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.4
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)sʰærmorpheme hmæg ‘army (military division)’Sun J 85 Amdo: 24
Tibetan (Batang)mɑʔ⁵³tuʔ⁵³morpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.03
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)mɑ⁵⁵puŋ⁵⁵morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.3
Tibetan (Lhasa)mak⁵³puŋ⁵⁵morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)ma⁵² ca¹³²morpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.02
Tibetan (Written)dmag ‘war / army / soldier’Matisoff 83 TIL: 35
Tibetan (Written)dmag dpuŋmorpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.1
Tibetan (Written)dmag rgjagmorpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.01
Tibetan (Written)samorpheme.dmag ‘army (military division)’Sun J 85 TbGl: 24

3.2Qiangic28

Ersumɛ⁵⁵ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.18
Ersumɛ⁵⁵ ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.18
Guiqiongma⁵⁵tshe⁵⁵morpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.16
Lyuzuma³³dʑæ⁵³morpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.18
Muyamɑ⁵³ khə³³morphemedʑɐ⁵³morpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.15
Namuyimɛ³³ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.19
Namuyimɛ³³ ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.19
Pumi (Qinghua)miɑ¹³põ⁵⁵morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.11
Pumi (Taoba)ma⁵⁵põ⁵³morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.10
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ma⁵⁵põ⁵⁵morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.16

5Tujia1

Tujia (Southern)mo³³ ‘soldier’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese3

*Lolo-Burmesemak ‘war / army / soldier’Matisoff 83 TIL: 35
*Lolo-Burmesemak ‘soldier / war’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 135

6.1.1Burmish2

Burmese (Written)cacmorpheme-mak ‘war’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)mak ‘war / army / soldier’Matisoff 83 TIL: 35

6.1.2Loloish2

*LoloishC-makᴸ ‘soldier’Bradley 79 PLo: 172
PNLmakᴸ ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish31

Laloʔmìq ‘soldier’Björverud 94
Laloʔmi̱² ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.
Liphome̱² ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.
Nasuma 55 ‘soldier / war’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 135
Nasuma̱⁵⁵ ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.
Neisuma¹³ ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.
Nesume̱² ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.
Nosumo̱⁵⁵ ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.
Nusu (Northern)ma̱⁵⁵ ‘soldier’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)ma̱⁵⁵zɑ³⁵morpheme ‘army’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)mɑ̱⁵⁵ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.45
Nusu (Southern)mɔ̱³¹phõ³⁵morpheme ‘army’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)mɔ̱⁵³ ‘soldier’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Liangshan)mo⁵⁵ ‘soldier’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mo⁵⁵ndu̱³³morpheme ‘army’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mo⁵⁵ʂɿ³³morpheme ‘armed forces; army; troops’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mo⁵⁵ʑɔ²¹morpheme ‘soldier’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)me̱²¹ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.25
Yi (Mile)me̱²¹ɣᴀ³³morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.25
Yi (Mojiang)me̱²¹ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.26
Yi (Nanhua)me̱²¹ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.24
Yi (Nanhua)me̱²¹dzu̱³³morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.24
Yi (Xide)mo⁵⁵ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish23

Ahime̱² ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.
Ahimie 44s ‘soldier / war’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 135
Lahu (Lancang)mɑ²¹ʑɑ⁵³morpheme n‘soldier’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0179.43
Lahu (Black)màʔ ‘soldier / war’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 135
Lahu (Black)mᴀ²¹mo³¹morpheme ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.33
Lahu (Black)mᴀ²¹zᴀ⁵³morpheme ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.33
Lahu (Yellow)ma⁵ʑa³morpheme ‘soldier’Chang 86
Lisumá6 ‘soldier / war’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 135
Lisu (Central)má⁶ n.‘soldier’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹ N‘soldier; army; C troop; group’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹dziʔ²¹morpheme ‘assemble army; gather; gathering; mass’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹pha²¹morpheme ‘soldier’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹phu³³morpheme ‘army fund’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹phø⁴⁴morpheme ‘army camp’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹tɤ³³morpheme ‘build an army’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹tɤ³³morpheme lu³⁵morphemeɕæ³⁵morpheme ‘line of building the army’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mæʔ²¹zaʔ²¹morpheme ‘soldier; fighter; pawn’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisumɛ̱³¹zɑ³¹morpheme n‘soldier’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0179.40
Lisumɛ⁴¹ ‘soldier’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 307.27
Lisumɛ⁴¹ ‘army’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 308.27
Sani [Nyi]me 22s ‘soldier / war’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 135
Sani [Nyi]me² ‘soldier’Chen 86 CS: 84.

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Hani (Hu T’an)ma 21c ‘soldier / war’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 135

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish3

Azhamɛ²² ‘soldier’Pelkey 11 Phula: 373
Pholamɑ³³zɑ³¹morpheme ‘soldier’Pelkey 11 Phula: 373
Hlepho Phowamɛ³³za²¹morpheme ‘soldier’Pelkey 11 Phula: 373

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #257, *d-mak ‘WAR / SOLDIER’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/257
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: HPTB p.318, TSR#135
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-257,
  title  = {{*d-mak 'WAR / SOLDIER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #257},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/257}
}