Shape, Size, Color, Measure, Number, Time, Space › Time

STEDT #2252

*(k/ʔ)uk

BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlegukinitialgrhymeuk~kukcoverK · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’

Connections

HPTB*ʔuk ⪤ *kuk ‘crooked / bent / knee / angle / return / back’p. 57

HPTB*gu(ː)k ⪤ *m-ku(ː)k ‘crooked / bent / knee / angle’pp. 124, 141, 357, 358, 362

Notes

This root is etymologically distinct from #1 PTB *guŋ BODY / BACK, #206 PTB *(k/g)um BACK / BODY, and #1251 PTB *m-kuː(k/ŋ) KNEE / ANGLE.

As explained in DL p.310, the Lahu word qhɔ̀ʔ means both year and return; give/take back, the semantic connection between these notions residing in the fact that the years keep returning in an annual cycle. The same connection of ideas occurs in many other Loloish languages.

Chinese comparandum

句 OC *ki̯ôk, GSR #1017j ‘bend of a river’; B & S 2011: *kˁok-s {[k]ˁ(r)ok-s}; Mand. gòu.
曲 OC *k’i̯uk, GSR #1213a ‘bent, crooked, unjust’; B & S 2011: *kʰok {kʰ(r)ok}; Mand. qū.
局 OC *g’i̯uk, GSR #1214a ‘compressed, bent, twist’; B & S 2011: *N-kʰok {N-kʰ(r)ok}; Mand. jú.
跼 OC *g’i̯uk, GSR #1214b ‘bent, stooped, crouched’; Mand. jú, qù.

Reflexes & cognates373 reflexes · 10 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6

*Tibeto-Burmangok ‘bent’LaPolla 87: 17

*Tibeto-Burmanguk v.‘bow down / stoop’Weidert 87 TBTo: 677

*Tibeto-Burmanguk ⪤ *kuk ‘bent’LaPolla 87: 17

*Tibeto-Burmanguk~kuk ‘bend / crooked’Chou 72: 1017j

*Tibeto-Burmankuk ‘return / year’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 597

*Tibeto-Burmanʔuk ⪤ kuk ‘crooked / bent / knee / angle / return / back’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 583

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Bantawauk v‘bend’Rai 85 BnDs

3.2Qiangic37

Muya(tɐ⁵⁵morpheme) kui⁵³ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.15

Muya(tɐ⁵⁵morpheme) kui⁵³ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.15

Muyakui⁵³ n‘age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0685.15

Muyakui⁵³ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.15

Muya [Minyak]kui⁵³ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.15

Muya [Minyak]kui⁵³ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.15

Namuyikuəʴ⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.19

Namuyikuəʴ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.19

Namuyiʂɿ³³morphemeȵi⁵⁵#2501 PTB *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’PTani *ñiŋ ‘YEAR’PCN *niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PL *s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’khu⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.19

Namuyikhuəɹ⁵³ clf‘classifier for age of animals’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0879.46

Namuyikhuəʴ⁵³ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.46

Namuyikhuəʴ⁵³ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.46

Namuyikhu⁵⁵əʴ⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.46

Pumi (Jiulong)(tə¹¹morpheme) ko⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.10

Pumi (Jiulong)(tə¹¹morpheme) ko⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.10

Pumi (Jiulong)ko³⁵ n‘age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0685.10

Pumi (Jiulong)ko³⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.10

Pumi (Lanping)ko⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.09

Pumi (Lanping)ko⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.09

Pumi (Lanping)ko⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.09

Pumi (Lanping)ko⁵⁵ȵl⁵⁵morpheme n‘age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0685.09

Pumi (Qinghua)ko⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.11

Pumi (Qinghua)ko⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.11

Pumi (Taoba)ko³⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.10

Pumi (Taoba)ko³⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.10

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ko⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.16

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ko⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.16

Queyu (Xinlong)kuə⁵⁵ n‘age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0685.13

Queyu (Xinlong)kuə⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.13

Queyu (Xinlong)kuə⁵⁵xsar⁵⁵#2651 PTB *g-sar ‘NEW / FRESH’PKC *thar ‘NEW / FRESH’PCN *a-saːn ‘NEW’PTk *tʰar ‘NEW’PNN *saːr ‘NEW’PKar *san / sành ‘NEW’PKar *saNᴬ ‘NEW’pe⁵⁵morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.13

Xumi(dʑi³³morpheme) khu⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.17

Xumikhu⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.17

Xumikhu⁵⁵ (dʑi³³morpheme) khu⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.17

Xumikhu⁵⁵hæ³³morpheme n‘age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0685.17

Xumiqhɐ⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.20

Xumiqhɐ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.20

Xumiquɑ⁵⁵by³³morpheme ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.20

3.3rGyalrongic4

Daofu(a)morpheme kvo clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.12

Ergong (Danba)ko ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.14

Ergong (Danba)ko ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.14

Daofukvo n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.12

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesegukᴸ ‘crooked / bent / knee / angle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 592

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish120

Gazhuoa³⁵prefixȵo⁵³#2462 PTB *m(y/r)uk ‘MONKEY’PLB *myukᴸ ‘MONKEY’PKar *joɁᴰ ‘MONKEY’ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.47

Gazhuokho⁵³ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.47

Gazhuokho⁵³sɿ³⁵#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.47

Gazhuola³¹#5560 PTB *k-la ‘TIGER’PNN *C-gya ‘TIGER’PLB *(k-)la ‘TIGER’ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.47

Gazhuolo³¹loanword (kho⁵³) n‘year of the dragon’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0759.47

Gazhuom³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the horse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0761.47

Gazhuotha⁵⁵loanwordla⁵⁵ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the rabbit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0758.47

Gazhuotshɿ³¹#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the dog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0765.47

Gazhuotshɿ⁵³morpheme (kho⁵³) n‘year of the ram’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0762.47

Gazhuowa⁵³#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the pig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0766.47

Gazhuoxa³³morphemekho⁵³ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.47

Gazhuoxa⁵⁵probable loanword (kho⁵³) n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.47

Gazhuozɿ²⁴#2623 PTB *s-b/m-ruːl ‘SNAKE’PTani *bɯr-taŋ ‘POISONOUS SNAKE / VIPER’PKC *ruul ‘SNAKE’PCN *ph-rə ‘SNAKE’PTk *ruul ‘SNAKE’PLB *m-r-wəy¹ ‘SNAKE’PKar *rowᴮ ‘SNAKE’ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the snake’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0760.47

Gazhuoŋ³¹morpheme (kho⁵³) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.47

Gazhuoɣa⁵³#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’ (kho⁵³) n‘year of the chicken’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0764.47

Lalokho̱² ‘year’Chen 86 CS: 86.

Liphokhu̱² ‘year’Chen 86 CS: 86.

Luquankʻu 55c ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

Nasukho̱⁵⁵ ‘year’Chen 86 CS: 86.

Nasukʻu 44s ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

Nesukhu̱² ‘year’Chen 86 CS: 86.

Nosukhu̱⁵⁵ ‘year’Chen 86 CS: 86.

Nusu (Northern)kho³¹ʂɿ³¹morpheme ‘celebrate (New Year)’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)kho̱⁵³ʂi̱⁵³morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.34

Nusu (Central)khui⁵⁵#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’khɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the dog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0765.34

Nusu (Northern)khu³¹ ‘year / age’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)khu³¹ɹu⁵³morpheme ‘year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)khu̱⁵³ ‘year / age’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)khɹu³¹ɹu³¹morphemephu⁵⁵morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.45

Nusu (Central)khɹu̱⁵³ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.34

Nusu (Central)khɹu̱⁵³ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.34

Nusu (Central)khɹu̱⁵³dʐɔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.34

Nusu (Bijiang)khɹu⁵³ɹu⁵³morpheme ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.45

Nusu (Bijiang)khɹu⁵³ɹu⁵³morpheme ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.45

Nusu (Central)la⁵⁵#5560 PTB *k-la ‘TIGER’PNN *C-gya ‘TIGER’PLB *(k-)la ‘TIGER’khɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.34

Nusu (Central)liɯ³³loanwordkhɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the dragon’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0759.34

Nusu (Central)miu̱⁵³#2462 PTB *m(y/r)uk ‘MONKEY’PLB *myukᴸ ‘MONKEY’PKar *joɁᴰ ‘MONKEY’khɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.34

Nusu (Central)mɹə⁵⁵#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the horse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0761.34

Nusu (Central)nuɔ⁵⁵morphemekhɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.34

Nusu (Southern)sa³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵³#2501 PTB *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’PTani *ñiŋ ‘YEAR’PCN *niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PL *s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’khu⁵³ ‘next year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)sa³¹morphemephɔ⁵³morphemekhu⁵³ ‘year after next’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)tho³¹loanwordla³³khɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the rabbit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0758.34

Nusu (Central)tʂhɚ̱̃⁵³morphemekhɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the ram’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0762.34

Nusu (Central)va̱⁵³#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khɹu̱³³ n‘year of the pig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0766.34

Nusu (Central)vɹi³³morphemekhɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the snake’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0760.34

Nusu (Central)ɣɹa̱⁵³#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’khɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the chicken’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0764.34

Nusu (Central)ɣɹua̱⁵³morphemekhɹu̱⁵³ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.34

Yi (Dafang)a²¹morphemeȵi²¹morphemekhɔ¹³ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.22

Yi (Dafang)khɔ¹³ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.22

Yi (Dafang)khɔ¹³ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.22

Yi (Dafang)khɔ¹³xe³³morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.22

Yi (Dafang)na⁵⁵morphemekhɔ¹³ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.22

Yi (Dafang)sɿ³³morphemeȵi²¹morphemekhɔ¹³ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.22

Yi (Dafang)tshɯ³³morphemeȵi²¹morphemekhɔ¹³ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.22

Yi (Dafang)tshɿ²¹morphemekhɔ¹³ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.22

Yi (Liangshan)a²¹morphemehɛ⁵⁵morphemedi²¹morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)a²¹morphememu³³morphemeʂu̱³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year, this’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)khu̱³³ ‘age; year’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)khu⁵⁵ ‘year’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)khu⁵⁵po²¹morpheme ‘New Year, Nuosu’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)khu⁵⁵ʂɿ̱³³morpheme ‘celebrate the new year’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ȵɛ⁵⁵morphemeha³³morphemedɛ³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year, next’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ɔ²¹morphemekhu̱³³ ‘year, previous’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ʂu³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year, this’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)khu̱²¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.25

Yi (Mile)khu̱²¹tho²¹morpheme ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.25

Yi (Mile)khu̱²¹ɕi̱²¹morphememo³³morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.25

Yi (Mile)ne̱⁵⁵morphemene̱³³morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.25

Yi (Mile)o⁵⁵morphemeni³³morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.25

Yi (Mile)tɕi³³morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.25

Yi (Mile)ɕi⁵⁵morphemeni³³morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.25

Yi (Mile)ᴀ²¹morphemedʑe̱³³morphemene̱⁵⁵morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.25

Yi (Mojiang)e⁵⁵#5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’khu̱³³ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.26

Yi (Mojiang)khu̱²¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.26

Yi (Mojiang)khu̱²¹mu²¹morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.26

Yi (Mojiang)khu̱³³ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.26

Yi (Mojiang)ne̱³³morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.26

Yi (Mojiang)phe̱²¹morphemene̱³³morphemekhu²¹ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.26

Yi (Mojiang)si³³morphemene̱³³morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.26

Yi (Mojiang)ᴀ²¹morphemene̱³³morphemekhu̱²¹ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.26

Yi (Nanhua)e³³#5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’khu̱⁵⁵ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.24

Yi (Nanhua)i⁵⁵#5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’khu̱⁵⁵ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.37

Yi (Nanhua)khu̱⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.37

Yi (Nanhua)khu̱⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.37

Yi (Nanhua)khu̱⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.24

Yi (Nanhua)khu̱⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.24

Yi (Nanhua)khu̱⁵⁵mu³³morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.24

Yi (Nanhua)khu⁵⁵ɕi⁵⁵morphememo⁵⁵morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.37

Yi (Nanhua)khu̱⁵⁵ɕi̱⁵⁵morphememu³³morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.37

Yi (Nanjian)kho²¹ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.23

Yi (Nanjian)kho²¹;◦thy²¹morpheme ‘year (age of person, animal)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.23

Yi (Nanjian)ko²¹xɯ̱²¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’tɕhi⁵⁵morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.23

Yi (Weishan)kho̱²¹ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.36

Yi (Weishan)kho̱²¹ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.36

Yi (Weishan)kho̱²¹xɯ²¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.36

Yi (Weishan)kho̱²¹xɯ̱²¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’tɕhi⁵⁵morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.36

Yi (Wuding)khu̱⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.38

Yi (Wuding)khu̱⁵⁵ɕi̱²#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.38

Yi (Wuding)khu̱⁵⁵ɕi̱³³morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.38

Yi (Wuding)ku̱² clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.38

Yi (Wuding)tʂhɒ³³morphemekhu̱³³ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.38

Yi (Wuding)ɑ³³morphemeȵi̱¹¹morphemeku̱³³ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.38

Yi (Wuding)ɑ¹¹morphemeʂe³³morphemeku̱⁵⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.38

Yi (Wuding)ɳu̱²morphemene³³morphemekhu̱⁵⁵ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.38

Yi (Xide)a²¹morphemehe⁵⁵morphemede³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.21

Yi (Xide)a²¹morphemem̩(ɿ)³³morphemeʂu̱³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.21

Yi (Xide)khu̱³³; khu⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.21

Yi (Xide)khu⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.35

Yi (Xide)khu⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.35

Yi (Xide)khu⁵⁵ʂɿ̄³³#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.35

Yi (Xide)khu⁵⁵ʂɿ̄³³#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.35

Yi (Xide)khu⁵⁵ʂɿ̄³³#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.21

Yi (Xide)ȵe³³morphemeha²¹morphemede³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.35

Yi (Xide)ȵe³³morphemehɔ²¹morphemede³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.21

Yi (Xide)ȵe⁵⁵morphemehɑ³³morphemede³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.35

Yi (Xide)ȵe⁵⁵morphemehɔ³³morphemede³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.21

Yi (Xide)ɑ²¹morphemehe⁵⁵morphemede³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.35

Yi (Xide)ɑ²¹morphemem̩³³morphemeʂu̱³³morphemekhu⁵⁵ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.35

Yi (Xide)ʂo³³morphememo³³morphemetshl²¹morphemekhu⁵⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.35

Yi (Xide)ʂo³³morphememo³³morphemetshɿ̄²¹morphemekhu̱³³ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish106

Ahikhu̱² ‘year’Chen 86 CS: 86.

Ahikʻu 44s ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

Kuconga31morpheme mi31morpheme khɔ31 ‘last year’Dai 09 Kucong

Kucongkhɔ31 ‘year’Dai 09 Kucong

Kucongsɿ55morpheme mi31morpheme khɔ31 ‘year before last’Dai 09 Kucong

Kucongtɕhi31morpheme ȵi33morpheme khɔ31 ‘this year’Dai 09 Kucong

Kucongȵi31morpheme a55morpheme khɔ31 ‘next year’Dai 09 Kucong

Kucongȵi31morpheme ȵi33morpheme khɔ31 ‘year after next year’Dai 09 Kucong

Lahu (Lancang)ni⁵³morphemeni³³morphemeqhɔ²¹ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.43

Lahu (Lancang)nɛ³⁵morphemeqhɔ²¹ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.43

Lahu (Lancang)qhɔ²¹ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.43

Lahu (Lancang)qhɔ²¹si³⁵#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.43

Lahu (Lancang)qhɔ²¹tɕɑ⁵³morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.43

Lahu (Lancang)si¹¹morphemeni³³morphemeqhɔ²¹ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.43

Lahu (Lancang)tɕi³³morphemeqhɔ²¹ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.43

Lahu (Lancang)ɑ³³morphemeni³³morphemeqhɔ²¹ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.43

Lahu (Lancang)ɔ³¹prefixqhɔ²¹ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.43

Lahu (Black)ni⁵³morphemeni³³morphemeqhɔ²¹ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.33

Lahu (Black)nɛ́morpheme-qhɔ̀ʔ ‘next year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 151

Lahu (Black)nɛ³⁵morphemeqhɔ²¹ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.33

Lahu (Black)qhɔ²¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.33

Lahu (Black)qhɔ²¹ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.33

Lahu (Black)qhɔ²¹nɔ³⁵#203 PTB *s-nu(ŋ/k) ‘BACK / BEHIND / AFTER’PKC *nuŋ ⪤ *hnuŋ ‘BACK / BEHIND / LATER’ ‘later (in time)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 992.33

Lahu (Black)qhɔ²¹tsᴀ⁵³morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.33

Lahu (Black)qhɔ̀ʔ ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

Lahu (Black)qhɔ̀ʔ-nɔ́#203 PTB *s-nu(ŋ/k) ‘BACK / BEHIND / AFTER’PKC *nuŋ ⪤ *hnuŋ ‘BACK / BEHIND / LATER’ ‘back’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)qhɔ̀ʔ-nɔ́#203 PTB *s-nu(ŋ/k) ‘BACK / BEHIND / AFTER’PKC *nuŋ ⪤ *hnuŋ ‘BACK / BEHIND / LATER’ ‘space behind / future time / after’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 155(b)

Lahu (Black)qhɔ̀ʔ-nɔ́#203 PTB *s-nu(ŋ/k) ‘BACK / BEHIND / AFTER’PKC *nuŋ ⪤ *hnuŋ ‘BACK / BEHIND / LATER’-qhwèʔmorpheme ‘backbone / spine’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)qɔ̄#3361 PTB *gwaŋ ‘NECK / THROAT’PTani *gruŋ? ‘THROAT’PTk *kʰoŋ ‘NECK’PLB *ʔgoŋ² ‘NECK / NECK-LIKE PART’-ɔ̀prefix-qhɔ̀ʔ-nɔ́#203 PTB *s-nu(ŋ/k) ‘BACK / BEHIND / AFTER’PKC *nuŋ ⪤ *hnuŋ ‘BACK / BEHIND / LATER’ ‘nape’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)sɿ⁵⁴morphemeni³³morphemeqhɔ²¹ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.33

Lahu (Black)tsi³⁵morphemeqhɔ²¹ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.33

Lahu (Black)ᴀ³⁵morphemeni³³morphemeqhɔ²¹ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.33

Lahu (Yellow)a¹morphemeȵi¹morphemeti³morphemeqhɔ⁵ ‘year before last’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)a⁴morphemeȵi¹morphemeqhɔ⁵ ‘last year’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)kʰɯ³³#335 PTB *krəy ‘FOOT’ tsv̩³⁵#418 PTB *tsik ‘JOINT’PLB *ʔdzik ⪤ *ʔdzak ‘JOINT’ qu³³ ‘knee’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)nɛ⁴morphemeqhɔ⁵ ‘next year’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)nɛ⁴morphemeȵi¹morphemeti³morphemeqhɔ⁵ ‘year after next’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)qhɔ⁵ ‘year’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)qhɔ⁵ ‘year / age’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)qhɔ⁵tsa³morpheme ‘celebrate New Year’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)tɕhi²morphemeqhɔ⁵ ‘this year’Chang 86

Lisu (Northern)fu³³#2623 PTB *s-b/m-ruːl ‘SNAKE’PTani *bɯr-taŋ ‘POISONOUS SNAKE / VIPER’PKC *ruul ‘SNAKE’PCN *ph-rə ‘SNAKE’PTk *ruul ‘SNAKE’PLB *m-r-wəy¹ ‘SNAKE’PKar *rowᴮ ‘SNAKE’khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of snake’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)hẽʔ²¹morphememɤʔ²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of famine’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuhkaw6 ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

Lisu (Central)hkaw⁶ ‘year’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵#2630 PTB *rwak ‘RAT’PTk *rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of the rat’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵#2630 PTB *rwak ‘RAT’PTk *rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’khɔʔ²¹su³³#5632 PTB *su ⪤ *s-lu ‘WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.’ ‘person born in the year of the rat’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ji⁵⁵morphemekhɔʔ²¹ N‘year; age; years’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ji⁵⁵morphemevu⁵⁵morpheme thi²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘first year (the first in a’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)jɔ⁴⁴morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of goat’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisukho̱³¹ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.40

Lisukho̱³¹ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.40

Lisukho̱³¹ʃi̱³¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.40

Lisukho̱³¹ʃi̱³¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.40

Lisukho⁴¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.27

Lisukho⁴¹ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.27

Lisukho⁴¹ʃɿ⁴¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.27

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹ N, C‘year; age’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹di³³morpheme ‘end of year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹dzø³³morpheme ‘leap year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹kha³⁵morpheme ‘dry year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹nu²¹morpheme ‘year of floods’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹vu²¹morpheme ‘leap year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹vu⁵⁵morpheme ‘beginning of year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹ʃɿʔ²¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ ‘New Year; Spring Festival’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹ʃɿʔ²¹morphemedʑi³³morpheme ‘wine for the New Year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹ʃɿʔ²¹morphemehã³³morpheme ‘beginning of year; the twelfth month of the year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹ʃɿʔ²¹morphemehwa²¹morpheme ‘meat for the New Year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹ʃɿʔ²¹morphemesi³⁵morpheme ‘firewood for the New Year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹◦ʃɿʔ²¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ ◦khɔʔ²¹◦vu⁵⁵morpheme◦phmorpheme ‘prepare for the New Year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of dog’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)la²¹#5560 PTB *k-la ‘TIGER’PNN *C-gya ‘TIGER’PLB *(k-)la ‘TIGER’khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of the tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)la²¹#5560 PTB *k-la ‘TIGER’PNN *C-gya ‘TIGER’PLB *(k-)la ‘TIGER’khɔʔ²¹su³³morpheme ‘born in the year of the tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)lu²¹loanwordkhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of the dragon’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)lu²¹loanwordkhɔʔ²¹su³³morpheme ‘born in the year of the dragon’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹#2462 PTB *m(y/r)uk ‘MONKEY’PLB *myukᴸ ‘MONKEY’PKar *joɁᴰ ‘MONKEY’khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹#2462 PTB *m(y/r)uk ‘MONKEY’PLB *myukᴸ ‘MONKEY’PKar *joɁᴰ ‘MONKEY’khɔʔ²¹su³³morpheme ‘born in the year of monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of horse’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khɔʔ²¹su³³morpheme ‘born in the year of horse’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)mɔʔ²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹ N‘year's harvest’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)mɔʔ²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹kha³⁵morpheme ‘dry; drought’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni²¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’khɔʔ²¹ ‘two years’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹su³³#5632 PTB *su ⪤ *s-lu ‘WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.’ ‘person born in the year of the rat’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)rɔ⁴⁴morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of goat’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)thɔʔ²¹loanwordla³³khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of rabbit’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)tshi³³morphemema³³morphemekhɔʔ²¹ A‘this year; these years’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)væʔ²¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khɔʔ²¹ ‘year of pig’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ɔ⁵⁵morphemekhɔʔ²¹ mɤ³³morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘whole year; from beginning of year to the end’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ɕwa⁵⁵morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of famine; year of disaster; starvation’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ɕwa⁵⁵morphemekhɔʔ²¹ mɯʔ²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of famine; year of disaster; starvation’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ɣa³³morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of rooster’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ɣa³³morphemekhɔʔ²¹su³³#5632 PTB *su ⪤ *s-lu ‘WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.’ ‘person born in the year of the rat’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹ ‘year of ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹morphemekhɔʔ²¹su³³#5632 PTB *su ⪤ *s-lu ‘WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.’ ‘person born in the year of the rat’Bradley 94 Lisu

Sani [Nyi]kho² ‘year’Chen 86 CS: 86.

Yi (Sani)ne⁵⁵morphemehe²morphemene⁵⁵morphemen̩¹¹morphemeqhu² n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.39

Yi (Sani)qhu² n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.39

Yi (Sani)qhu² clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.39

Yi (Sani)qhu²tshz̊³³morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.39

Yi (Sani)qhu²ɕi²morphememɒ³³morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.39

Sani [Nyi]qʻu 22s ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

Yi (Sani)tɕe⁵⁵morphemeqhu² n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish58

Akhakʻo LS ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

Akhana-ya-kʻo LS-LS-LS ~ ‘next year’morpheme · morphemeMatisoff 72 LTSR: 151

Akhaxòq ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Akha (Thai)xòq ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Akha (Yunnan)xòq ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Dazhai)je³¹#5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’nɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.31

Hani (Dazhai)mi⁵⁵morphemenɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.31

Hani (Dazhai)ni⁵⁵morphemeja³³morphemexu̱³¹ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.31

Hani (Dazhai)sa⁵⁵morphemephe⁵⁵morphemexu̱³¹ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.31

Hani (Lüchun)xuq ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Dazhai)xu̱³¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.31

Hani (Dazhai)xu̱³¹ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.31

Hani (Dazhai)xu³¹morphemenɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.31

Hani (Dazhai)xu̱³¹xɤ̱³³morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.31

Hani (Lüchun)je³¹#5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’nɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.41

Hani (Lüchun)mi⁵⁵morphemenɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.41

Hani (Lüchun)sa⁵⁵morphemephe³¹morphemexu̱³¹ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.41

Hani (Lüchun)xu̱³¹ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.41

Hani (Lüchun)xu̱³¹ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.41

Hani (Lüchun)xu³¹morphemenɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.41

Hani (Lüchun)xu̱³¹sḻ³¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.41

Hani (Lüchun)xu̱³¹sḻ³¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ dza³¹morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.41

Hani (Lüchun)ȵi⁵⁵morphemeja³³morphemexu̱³¹ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.41

Hani (Caiyuan)khv̱³¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.30

Hani (Caiyuan)khv̱³¹ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.30

Hani (Pijo)khə ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Pijo)thɛ̀morpheme khə ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Gelanghe)dzɯ³¹morphemenɯ̱³³morphemexo̱³¹ ‘this year’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)mi⁵⁵morphemenɯ̱³³morphemexo³¹ ‘last year’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)na³³morphemenɯ̱³³morphemexo̱³¹ ‘year after next’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)nɛ̱³¹morphemeja̱³¹morphemexo̱³¹ ‘next year’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)xo̱³¹ ‘year’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)xo̱³¹ ‘year / age’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)xu̱³¹morphemenɯ̱³³morphemexo̱³¹ ‘year before last’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Wordlist)huvq ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Shuikui)mi⁵⁵morphemena³³morphemexv̩̱³¹ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.32

Hani (Shuikui)na³³morphemexv̱̩³¹ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.32

Hani (Shuikui)sv̩̱³¹morphememi⁵⁵morphemena³³morphemexv̱̩³¹ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.32

Hani (Shuikui)sɔ⁵⁵morphemephɛ³¹morphemexv̩̱³¹ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.32

Haonixv̩³¹ ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Shuikui)xv̱³¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.32

Hani (Shuikui)xv̱³¹ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.32

Hani (Shuikui)xv̱³¹ʃɿ̄³¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’tsɔ³¹morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.32

Hani (Khatu)kho ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Khatu)thə̀morpheme kho ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Hani (Mojiang)mi⁵⁵morphemena³³morphemexv̱³¹ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.42

Hani (Mojiang)na³³morphemexv̱³¹ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.42

Hani (Mojiang)sɔ⁵⁵morphemephɛ³¹morphemexv̱³¹ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.42

Hani (Mojiang)tsha³¹morphemena³³morphemexv̱³¹ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.42

Hani (Mojiang)xv̱³¹ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.42

Hani (Mojiang)xv̱³¹ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.42

Hani (Mojiang)xv̱³¹ʃɤ³¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.42

Hani (Mojiang)xv̩³¹ʃɤ³¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’tsɔ³¹morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.42

Hani (Mojiang)ʃv̩³¹morphememi⁵⁵morphemena³³morphemexv̱³¹ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.42

Mpikhoʔ⁶ ‘year’Hansson 89 AHKP: 517

Mpiʔɑ²prefixkhoʔ⁶ ‘year’Srinuan 76

Pyenkhop33 ‘year’Shintani 09 Pyen: 230010

Wonixu 33 ‘return / give back / year’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 34

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish2

Hlepho Phowakʰo³³sɿ²¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ ‘new year’Pelkey 11 Phula: 58

Hlepho Phowakʰo⁵⁵sɿ²¹#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’mo³³morpheme ‘spend the New Year’Pelkey 11 Phula: 752

6.2Naxi45

Laze (Xiangjiao)hwɤ˥loanwordkʰv˥ ‘year of the rat’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1640

Laze (Xiangjiao)kʰv˧˥ ‘year’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1625

Laze (Xiangjiao)kʰv˩ʂɯ˩#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ v.‘celebrate the New Year’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1653

Laze (Xiangjiao)kʰɯ˥#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’kʰv˥ ‘year of the dog’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1650

Laze (Xiangjiao)læ˥morphemekʰv˥ ‘year of the cock’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1649

Laze (Xiangjiao)lɑ˥#5560 PTB *k-la ‘TIGER’PNN *C-gya ‘TIGER’PLB *(k-)la ‘TIGER’kʰv˩ ‘year of the tiger’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1642

Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˥#2473 PTB *r-məw ‘SKY / HEAVENS / CLOUDS’PTani *m(ə/u)k ‘CLOUD’gv˥morphemekʰv˥ ‘year of the dragon’[Source note] year of thunderMichaud 06 NaLaze: 1644

Laze (Xiangjiao)tʰu˧loanwordlie˥loanwordkʰv˥ ‘year of the rabbit’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1643

Laze (Xiangjiao)vi˥morphemekʰv˥ ‘year of the ox’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1641

Laze (Xiangjiao)wɤ˩#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’kʰv˩ ‘year of the pig’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1651

Laze (Xiangjiao)y˥#6028 PTB *g-ya(k/ŋ) ‘SHEEP / YAK’kʰv˩ ‘year of the goat’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1647

Laze (Xiangjiao)zy˩morphemekʰv˩ ‘year of the monkey’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1648

Laze (Xiangjiao)ɖɯ˧morpheme kʰv˥ ŋ˥morpheme gɤ˩morpheme ɖɯ˧morpheme kʰv˥ ‘every year’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1874

Laze (Xiangjiao)ɭɔ˥morphemekʰv˥ ‘year of the horse’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1646

Laze (Xiangjiao)ʐv˥morphemekʰv˩ ‘year of the serpent’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1645

Na (Yongning)bu˩#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’kʰv˧˥ ‘year of the pig’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)bv˧morphemeʐv˧morphemekʰv˧˥ ‘year of the serpent’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)hwɤ˧loanwordkʰv˥ ‘year of the rat’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)i˧morphemekʰv˩ ‘year of the ox’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)ju˩#6028 PTB *g-ya(k/ŋ) ‘SHEEP / YAK’kʰv˩ ‘year of the goat’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)kʰv˧#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’kʰv˩ ‘year of the dog’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)kʰv˧pʰæ˧morphemetɕi˩morpheme ‘young’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)kʰv˧ʂɯ˥#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’ v.‘celebrate the New Year’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)kʰv˧˥ ‘year; year of age’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)lɑ˧#5560 PTB *k-la ‘TIGER’PNN *C-gya ‘TIGER’PLB *(k-)la ‘TIGER’kʰv˧˥ ‘year of the tiger’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)mv˧#2473 PTB *r-məw ‘SKY / HEAVENS / CLOUDS’PTani *m(ə/u)k ‘CLOUD’gv˧morphemekʰv˩ ‘year of the dragon’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)tɕʰɤ˧morphemekʰv˩ne˩morphemezo˩morpheme ‘every year’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)tʰo˧loanwordli˧loanwordkʰv˧˥ ‘year of the rabbit’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)æ˩#1600 PTB *haːr ‘BIRD / FOWL / CHICKEN’PKC *ʔaar ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PCN *haːn-a ‘CHICKEN’PTk *ar ‘FOWL’kʰv˧˥ ‘year of the cock’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)ʐwæ˧#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’kʰv˩ ‘year of the horse’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)ʑi˩morphemekʰv˧˥ ‘year of the monkey’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Naxidɯ³³morphemekhv̩⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for age of animals’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0879.45

Naxi (Yongning)khv³³ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.29

Naxi (Yongning)khv³³pha³³morphemetɕi³¹morpheme ‘young man’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 293.29

Naxi (Yongning)khv³³pv⁵⁵morpheme ‘new year's eve’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.29

Naxi (Yongning)khv³¹pha³³morphemetɕi³¹morpheme ‘young’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 858.29

Naxikhv̩⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.45

Naxikhv̩⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.45

Naxikhv̩⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.45

Naxi (Lijiang)khv⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.28

Naxi (Lijiang)khv⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.28

Naxi (Yongning)khv⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.29

Naxi (Lijiang)khv⁵⁵pha³³morphemetɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘young’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 858.28

Naxikhv̩⁵⁵phæ³³morpheme n‘age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0685.45

Naxikhv̩⁵⁵phæ³³morphemetɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘young’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1059.45

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2252, *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2252

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC p.77, HPTB p. 57

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2252,
  title  = {{*(k/ʔ)uk  'BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2252},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2252}
}