STEDT
STEDT #5632

*su ⪤ *s-lu

WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · provisional

Notes

This etymon undoubted underlies the last syllable in many TB language names, e.g., Bisu, Lisu, Moso, Nasu, Nosu, Ersu, etc. I also believe that the last syllable of LAHU derives from an allofam *s-lu, that is also reflected by WB lu ‘person’. This view is reinforced by the existence of language names like Lalo and Laghuu. This etymology was first suggested in JAM 1969 (“Lahu and Proto-Lolo-Burmese”).

Another etymon recruited for names of Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups is #1002 PPC *r-mi(y)-n PERSON / MAN.

Reflexes & cognates237 reflexes · 15 subgroups

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)3

Ao (Chungli)shibasuffix ‘who?’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)shirsuffix ‘who?’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.2Bodic1

3.3rGyalrongic2

3.3.1rGyalrong4

Caodengʃo ‘who’Sun J 97 Cao
rGBenzhensə́-keʔmorpheme ‘who’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesesu¹ ‘who / remote 3rd person pronoun’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 613

6.1.1Burmish36

Achang (Longchuan)su⁵⁵ pron‘other person(s)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0941.28
Achang (Longchuan)su⁵⁵ num‘others / miscellaneous’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0960.28
Burmese (Rangoon)bɛ²²morphemetθu²² intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.27
Burmese (Rangoon)mi²²morphemetθu²² intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.27
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)lu²²o²²morpheme ‘old person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 292.40
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)lu²²pjo²²morpheme ‘young man’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 293.40
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)mji²²morphemetθu²² ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.40
Burmese (Written)bhaymorpheme ‘who?’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)lakmorpheme-su-krwaymorpheme ‘person (rich)’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written) ‘man (mankind)’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)-uimorpheme ‘old man’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)lu²mjo³morpheme ‘nationality’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 314.39
Burmese (Written)lu²nɑɑ²morpheme n‘patient’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0196.26
Burmese (Written)lu²morpheme ‘old person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 292.39
Burmese (Written)lu²pjo²morpheme ‘young man’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 293.39
Burmese (Written)lu²ŋɑj²morpheme n‘lad / chap (young)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0175.26
Burmese (Written)pyuimorpheme ‘young man’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)mɑȵ²morpheme tθu² intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.26
Burmese (Written)mɑȵ²morphemethu² ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.39
Burmese (Written)su-punmorpheme n.‘rebel’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 51
Burmese (Written)su-punmorpheme ‘rebel’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefix-su ‘who ( < ə-bhai-su )’Benedict 76 WBur
Hpun (Northern)hàiŋmorpheme ‘this man’Henderson 86 Hpun
Hpun (Northern)lúʼ, lú(ʔ) ‘person / human being’Henderson 86 Hpun
Marmalu ‘person / human being’Huziwara 08 Sak: 146

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishʔəprefixsu¹ ‘who?’Bradley 79 PLo: 430
*Loloishʔəprefixsu¹ ‘who’Hansson 89 AHKP: 172

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish45

Gazhuosɛ⁴⁴ ‘other’Dai 91 TB15
Nusu (Central)boŋ⁵⁵morpheme su³³ ‘deaf person’Dai 89 NusB: 245.
Nusu (Central)boŋ⁵⁵morphemesu³³ n‘deaf person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0204.34
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)bõ⁵⁵morpheme su³⁵ ‘dumb person’Dai 89 NusA: 252.
Nusu (Southern)bɑ̃⁵⁵morpheme su³¹ ‘deaf person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)bɔ̃⁵⁵morpheme su³⁵ ‘deaf person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)bɔ̃⁵⁵morphemesu³⁵ ‘deaf person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 301.45
Nusu (Northern)bə̃³⁵morpheme sʰu³¹ ‘dumb person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)kɹɔ̱⁵³morpheme sʰu³¹ ‘insane person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)shu³¹ ‘person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)shu³¹ ‘others’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)su³⁵ ‘person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)xɹɔ̱⁵³morpheme su³⁵ ‘insane person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)xɹɔ̱⁵³morphemesu³⁵ ‘mad person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 303.45
Nusu (Central)xɹə³¹morpheme su³⁵ ‘dumb person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)ɦu³⁵morpheme su³⁵ ‘insane person’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Liangshan)nɔ³³morphemesu³³ ‘Nuosu Yi; Yi people, Liangshan’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)su³³ ‘other people’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)su³⁴nɔ³³morpheme ‘person, involved’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)su⁵⁵ ‘other people; people; people's; someone else's’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)su⁵⁵du³³morpheme ‘other family’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)su⁵⁵su⁵⁵ ‘others’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)su⁵⁵vi³³morpheme ‘others'’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)su⁵⁵ʦho³³morpheme ‘other people; someone else’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mojiang)ᴀ²¹prefixsu³³ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.26
Yi (Nanhua)su³³bə³³morpheme pron‘other person(s)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0941.37
Yi (Nanhua)ɑ²¹prefix se²¹ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.37
Yi (Nanhua)ᴀ³³prefixse²¹ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.24
Yi (Nanjian)sɿ⁵⁵ ‘others’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 980.23
Yi (Nanjian)ɑ²¹prefixsɑ²¹ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.23
Yi (Weishan)sɿ⁵⁵ pron‘other person(s)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0941.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ²¹prefixsɑ²¹ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.36
Yi (Wuding)nu³³morphemebɒ³³morphemesu³³ n‘deaf person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0204.38
Yi (Wuding)pɑ̱²morphemeʈɒ³³morphemesu³³ n‘lame person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0203.38
Yi (Wuding)su¹¹ pron‘other person(s)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0941.38
Yi (Wuding)ɑ¹¹prefix se³³ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.38
Yi (Xide)su⁵⁵tsho³³morpheme; su³³ ‘others’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 980.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish85

Jinuokhɔ³³morpheme su³³ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.44
Jinuokhɔ³³morphemeso³³ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.34
Jinuo (Youle)khɔ³³morphemesu⁴⁴ ‘who’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)su⁴²m̥ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘others’Gai 86
Kucongsv33 ‘other people’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)ɑ³¹prefix ɕu³³ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.43
Lahu (Lancang)ɕu³³ pron‘other person(s)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0941.43
Lahu (Black)ᴀ³³prefixsu³³ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.33
Lahu (Yellow)prefixsu¹ ‘who’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)la³morphemexu² ‘Lahu (nationality)’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)su¹tshɔ¹morpheme ‘others’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)dʑæ²¹morphemesu³³ ‘lover; person in one's heart (poetic)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hɔ⁵⁵morphemeti²¹morphemesu³³ ‘person who allocates and transfers goods’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ji⁵⁵morphemedzi²¹morpheme je³³morphemesu³³ ‘person who takes official position’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khaʔ²¹morphemebæʔ²¹morpheme phɔ³⁵morphemesu³³ ‘one who makes up rumours’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ³⁵morphemepɔ³³morphemesu³³ ‘harsh and mean person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kwa²¹morphemeʃɿ²¹morphemesu³³ ‘person in charge; managerial personnel’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kwa³³morphemekhi³⁵morpheme khi³⁵morphemesu³³ ‘one who dances; dancer’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)kwɯ²¹morphemetæ⁵⁵morpheme vu²¹morphemezaʔ²¹morphemesu³³ N‘traitor who sells out the country’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ²¹morphemetæ⁵⁵morpheme vu²¹morphemezaʔ²¹morphemesu³³ N‘traitor who sells out the country’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la³³morphemesu³³ N‘person who comes’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la³³morphemeti³³morphemesu³³ ‘diligent person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³ N‘Lisu’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³ aʔ²¹prefixpu³³#5797 PLB *pu ‘PUMPKIN / GOURD’ ‘Lisu cucumber’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³ thɔ²¹morphemeɤ²¹morpheme ‘Lisu written language’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³ma³³morpheme ‘Lisu woman’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³my²¹morpheme ‘Lisu area’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³pha²¹morpheme ‘Lisu man’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³ŋɔ²¹morpheme ‘Lisu language (spoken)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³ʃɿ²¹morpheme ‘Lisu nationality’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³morphemesu³³ʃɿ²¹loanword tsi³⁵loanwordtʃɿ³⁵loanword ‘Lisu Autonomous Region’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)læ⁵⁵morphemesu³³ ‘young person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ma⁵⁵morphememi³³morphemesu³³ ‘person in hell’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)na⁴⁴morphemesu³³ ‘patient; one who is ill’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)na⁴⁴morphemesu³³ phja²¹morphemesu³³ ‘patient; one who is ill’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)na⁴⁴morphemeɕa³⁵morphemesu³³ ‘one who is consulting the doctor’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ne⁵⁵morphemebæʔ²¹morphemesu³³ ‘other people’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ni³⁵morphemephu³³morpheme ni³⁵morphemelø³³morphemesu³³ ‘pious person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ni³⁵morphemeti³⁵morphemesu³³ ‘faithful person; a staunch p’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)phi²¹morphemephu³³morpheme ni³⁵morphemephu³³morphemesu³³ ‘person of a sanguine disposition’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)phjou³⁵morphemevu²¹morphemesu³³ N‘person who sells tickets’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)phu³³morphemedʑɔ³⁵morphemesu³³ ‘rich person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)phæ⁵⁵morphemezaʔ²¹morphemesu³³ ‘one who extorts’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)sa³³morphemesu³³ ‘lover; person one misses (poetic)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)su³³ P‘other person; someone else’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)su³³ N‘suffix for one who does something’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisusu̱³³ pron‘other person(s)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0941.40
Lisu (Northern)su³³morpheme ne³³morpheme ni⁵⁵morphemewa³³morphemesu³³ ‘oppressed person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)su³³morpheme ne³³morpheme ɲi⁵⁵morphemewa³³morphemesu³³ ‘oppressed person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)su³³kɔ²¹morpheme ‘foreign country; other country’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisusu⁴⁴ ‘others’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 980.27
Lisu (Northern)sɤ⁵⁵morphemesu³³ ‘old acqaintance; one who knows; person familiar’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tha²¹morphemesu³³ ‘person with whom one is on good terms’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thi²¹morpheme my²¹morphemesu³³ ‘person from the same village’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thi²¹morpheme the²¹morphemesu³³ ‘person of the same age’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thi²¹morpheme ʃɿ²¹morphemesu³³ ‘of the same clan; of the same race; of the same type of person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thɔ²¹morphemeɤ²¹morpheme sɯ⁵⁵morphemesu³³ ‘intellectual; person who can read and write; scholar’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tsa³⁵morphemesu³³ ‘naughty person (poetic)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshiʔ²¹morphemedeʔ²¹morphemesu³³ ‘experienced person; sensible person; mature person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshiʔ²¹morphemesɯ⁵⁵morphemesu³³ ‘experienced person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshi⁵⁵morphemesu³³ ‘relative; person dear and near’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemedʑi⁴⁴morphemesu³³ ‘good person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemehũ³³morphemesu³³ ‘person who takes someone else's wife by force’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemehwa³³morphemesu³³ ‘person who is looking for someone’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemephe³³morpheme wa²¹morphemephe³³morphemesu³³ ‘person who abandons others’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemephe³³morphemesu³³ ‘person who abandons others’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemeti⁵⁵morpheme mi²¹morphemeje³³morphemesu³³ ‘farmer who works by himself, i.e. not in a collective’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)tshɔ³³morphemeti⁵⁵morpheme mjø²¹morphemeje³³morphemesu³³ ‘farmer who works by himself, i.e. not in a collective’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tswei⁵⁵morphemedʑɔ⁴⁴morphemesu³³ ‘guilty person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tswei⁵⁵morphemeje³³morphemesu³³ ‘one who commits a crime’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tø³⁵morphemesu³³ ‘upright person’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕha³³morphemegu³³morphemesu³³ ‘person who has committed mistakes’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɤ³⁵morphemetæ³³morphemesu³³ ‘person who runs a race’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɤ⁴⁴morphememæ⁴⁴morphemesu³³ ‘labourer who carries things on back’Bradley 94 Lisu
Yi (Sani)ɒ¹¹prefixsɒ⁴⁴ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish18

Akha (Thai)àprefixshú ‘who’Hansson 89 AHKP: 172
Akha (Yunnan)àprefixshú ɣàmorpheme ‘who’Hansson 89 AHKP: 172
Hani (Lüchun)àprefix shú ‘who’Hansson 89 AHKP: 172
Hani (Dazhai)a³¹prefixso⁵⁵ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.31
Hani (Lüchun)a³¹prefix so⁵⁵ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.41
Hani (Lüchun)su⁵⁵ɣa³¹morpheme pron‘other person(s)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0941.41
Hani (Pijo)ɔ̀prefix sjhú ‘who’Hansson 89 AHKP: 172
Hani (Caiyuan)ɔ³¹prefixsv̩⁵⁵ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.30
Hani (Gelanghe)a³¹prefixsu⁵⁵ɣa³¹morpheme ‘who’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)ɔ³¹prefixsv̩⁵⁵ ‘who’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 985.32
Hani (Mojiang)ɔ³¹prefixsv̩⁵⁵ intg‘who’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0953.42
Mpi(ko⁴morpheme)sɤ⁵ ‘who / anybody’Srinuan 76
Mpili⁴morpheme so⁴ n.‘Lisu’Bradley 79 PLo: 311
Mpisə⁵ ‘who’Hansson 89 AHKP: 172

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish7

Azhaa³³prefixsɛ²² ‘who?’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1120
Azhasɜ³³tɛ̠⁴⁵morpheme ‘3PR (others)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1091
Southern Mujia²¹prefixsə³³(-ti²¹morpheme) ‘who?’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1120
Pholasɨ⁵⁵ ‘3PR (others)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1091
Hlepho Phowaa³³prefixsə⁵⁵ ‘who?’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1120
Hlepho Phowasə³³mə⁵⁵morpheme ‘3PR (others)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1091
Phuzaa³³prefixsɯ³³ ‘who?’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1120

6.2Naxi1

Na (Yongning)lv˧morphemesɯ˥ ‘Lisu’Michaud 06 NaLaze

7Karenic2

Pa-Okhɛ́morpheme morpheme sɔ́ ‘Lisu’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Omorpheme ‘Lahu’Solnit 89 PaO

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5632, *su ⪤ *s-lu ‘WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5632
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: HPTB:180-181
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5632,
  title  = {{*su ⪤ *s-lu 'WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5632},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5632}
}