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STEDT #2365

*r-kəw ⪤ *hu

STEAL
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekuwprefixrinitialkrhymeuw=r-kəwcoverK · VLWT

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-hu ‘STEAL’PCN #091
Northern Naga/Konyakian*C̬-kəːw ‘STEAL’
Lolo-Burmese*kəw² ‘STEAL’
Loloish*ko² ‘STEAL’
Karenic*howᴮ ‘STEAL (v.)’TL#279

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*hu ⪤ *r-kəw ‘steal’p. 57
See also*m-ruːk ‘STEAL’

Chinese comparandum

寇 OC *k’u, GSR #111a-b ‘rob’; Schuessler 2007:336 *khôh; B & S 2011: *kʰˁo-s {[k]ʰˁ(r)o-s}; Mand. kòu.

Reflexes & cognates208 reflexes · 24 subgroups

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)19

Ao (Chungli)a²prefixu³jaʔ¹morpheme v.‘steal’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.091
Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-u³əɹ¹suffix n.‘thief’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦o◦yamorpheme ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)²aprefix³u¹yaʔmorpheme v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 305
Lotha Nagae¹prefix-fə²- v.‘steal’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.091
Lotha Nagaēprefix◦fà ‘steal’Acharya 75
Lotha Nagaeprefix◦fü ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaeprefix◦fü◦asuffix ‘steal’Murry 78: 117
Lotha Nagaeprefix◦fü◦e ‘thief’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Naga¹eprefix²fɯ(ʔ) v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 57
Sangtamaprefix◦fü◦rüsuffix v.‘steal’Kumar 73 Sang
Sangtamaprefix◦fü◦rüsuffix ‘thief’Marrison 67 Naga
Yacham-Tengsaaprefix◦hü ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrüaprefix◦hüh ‘steal’Kumar 73 Yim: 46
Yimchungrüaprefix◦hü◦rüsuffix ‘thief’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrüaprefix◦ü ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrü²aprefix◦(²)hɯʔ v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 305

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group2

Angami Naga²rɯ¹gu v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 305
Ntenyighafü ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern NagaC̬prefix-kəːw v.‘steal’French 83: 559

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte4

Noctehu ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga
Noctehuʔ v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 57
Tangsahʌuʔ v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 305
Tangsa (Yogli)aprefix◦hau ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang7

Khiamngan¹²aprefix²³gaᴜʔ v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 305
Phomgüh ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomgɯʔ³³ ‘steal (theft)’Burling 98 Phom
Phomgɯʔ³³bæ³³morpheme ‘thief ('steal'+?)’Burling 98 Phom
Wanchoaprefix◦hu ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho9

Jingpholagu ‘steal’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingpholagu ‘thief’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingpholă³¹ku⁵⁵ v.‘steal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1686.19
Jingpholă³¹ku⁵⁵ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.47
Jingpholă¹ku⁵⁵ ‘steal’Liu 84
Jingpholəgu ‘steal’LaPolla 87: 4
Jingpho¹lə³ku v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 305

2.1.4Tamangish3

*TGTMᴬkʰu ‘steal’Mazaudon 94 These: 106
Thakali (Marpha)⁵⁵'³³kʰu-wʌ ‘steal’Mazaudon 94 These: 108
Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵'⁴⁴kʰu-ba ‘steal’Mazaudon 94 These: 108

2.2Newar1

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3

Magarkhus-kemorpheme v‘rob’Hale 73 CSD: 11b3.01
Magarkhus-kemorpheme v‘steal’Hale 73 CSD: 11b3.02

3.2Qiangic22

Muyakuə²⁴morpheme khə⁵⁵βə³³morpheme v.‘steal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1686.15
Namuyiŋkhu³³ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.19
Namuyinkhu³³su̵⁵³morpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.46
Pumi (Qinghua)skiɯu⁵⁵ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.11
Pumi (Taoba)thə³⁵morphemeku⁵³ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.10
Qiang (Longxi)mùmorpheme kù mùmorpheme ‘thief’Evans 99 Qiang: 250
Qiang (Longxi)tə̀morpheme kù ‘steal’Evans 99 Qiang: 2417
Qiang (Mianchi)kú pùmorpheme ~ kù ‘steal’Evans 99 Qiang: 2417
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tɕhi⁵⁵morphemeku⁵³ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.16
Queyu (Xinlong)ʂkɯ⁵⁵ma⁵⁵morpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.13
Queyu (Xinlong)ʂkɯ⁵⁵vi⁵⁵morpheme v.‘steal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1686.13
Xumiqhuɐ⁵⁵ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.20
Xumiqhuɛ⁵³ v.‘steal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1686.17
Xumiqhuɛ⁵³dʑɛ³³morphemehĩ³³morpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.17
Zhaba (Daofu County)(ʂ) ku⁵⁵◦ma⁵⁵morpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.14

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofuʂkə məmorpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.12

4Nungic1

Anongkhü ‘steal’Benedict 72 STC: 33

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.2Loloish3

PNLko² ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish28

Gazhuokʰv³¹ ‘steal’Dai 91 TB15
Lalokhù ‘steal’Björverud 94
Lalokhu²¹ ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.
Liphokhɯ²¹ ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.
Nasukhɯ³³ ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.
Nesukhɯ³³ ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.
Nosukhu³³ ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.
Nusu (Northern)khɯ⁵⁵ ‘steal’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)khɯ⁵⁵ ‘steal’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)khɯ⁵⁵su³³morpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.34
Yi (Liangshan)khu³³ ‘rob; steal’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)khu³⁴ŋgɛ³³morpheme ‘rob; steal’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)khɯ²¹ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.25
Yi (Weishan)khu̪²¹sɿ⁵⁵morphemepa²¹morpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.36
Yi (Weishan)khu̪²¹sɿ⁵⁵morphemepa²¹morpheme n‘robber’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0195.36
Yi (Xide)su⁵⁵morphemekhu³³ n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish26

Ahikhɯ²¹ ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.
Jinuo (Youle)tɕhu⁴⁴ ‘steal’Gai 86
Jinuotɕhy⁴⁴ko⁴²morpheme v.‘steal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1686.44
Jinuotɕhy⁴⁴mɯ⁴⁴morpheme n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.44
Jinuotɕhø³³ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.34
Kucongkhu31 ‘steal’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongtshu33morpheme khu31 ‘thief’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)tɕhɔ³³morphemeqhɔ⁵³ n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.43
Lahu (Lancang)tɕhɔ³³morphemeqhɔ⁵³tɕhɔ³³morphemenɑ⁵⁴morpheme n‘robber’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0195.43
Lahu (Yellow)qhɔ³ ‘steal’Chang 86
Lisu (Central)hku⁵ v.‘steal’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)htsaw⁴morpheme-hku⁵ ‘thief’Fraser 22
Lisukhù v.‘steal’Weidert 87 TBTo: 305
Lisu (Northern)khu²¹ V‘steal; pinch’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khu²¹pha²¹morpheme ‘petty thief; thief’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khu²¹pha²¹morpheme dzɤ³³morphemepha²¹morpheme ‘petty thief; thief; bandit; robber’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khu²¹ti⁵⁵morpheme ‘rob; steal’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khu²¹ti⁵⁵morphemesu³³morpheme ‘robber; thief’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisukhu³¹ ‘steal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 715.27
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemekhu²¹ ‘thief; pick-pocket; robber’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]khɯ²¹ ‘steal’Chen 86 CS: 16.

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish4

Southern Mujikʰɯ⁵⁵ ‘steal’Pelkey 11 Phula: 778
Pholaqʰuɛ³¹ ‘steal’Pelkey 11 Phula: 778
Hlepho Phowakʰɯ⁵⁵ ‘steal’Pelkey 11 Phula: 778
Phuzakʰə⁵⁵ ‘steal’Pelkey 11 Phula: 778

6.2Naxi8

Laze (Xiangjiao)kʰv˧mæ˧morpheme ‘robber, bandit’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 733
Na (Yongning)kʰv˧ v.‘steal’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)kʰv˧mæ˧morpheme ‘robber, bandit’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxikhv̩³³ v.‘steal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1686.45
Naxiɕi³³morphemekhv̩³³ n‘thief’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0194.45

7Karenic17

*Karenhowᴮ v.‘steal’Luangthongkum 13: 279
*Karenhyü ‘rob’Chou 72: 111a-b
*Karenhyü ‘steal’Chou 72: 125u
Bwea⁵⁵morphemehu³³ v.‘steal’Luangthongkum 13: 279
Kayahho¹¹ v.‘steal’Luangthongkum 13: 279
Kayan (Pekon)bamorpheme◦hû Vtr‘steal’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayanhu¹¹ v.‘steal’Luangthongkum 13: 279
Kayan (Pekon)prà̤bamorpheme◦hû N‘thief [lit. person-steal]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)prà̤pramorpheme◦hû N‘thief [lit. person-steal]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)pramorpheme◦hû Vtr‘steal’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)prà̤morpheme◦hû N‘thief, robber’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayawhu¹¹ v.‘steal’Luangthongkum 13: 279
Pwoąprefix ɣuʔ ‘rob’Benedict 72 STC: p.144
Sgaw (Southern)hɨ⁴⁵’ v.‘steal’Luangthongkum 13: 279
Karen (Sgaw)əprefix ɣüʔ ‘rob’Benedict 72 STC: p.144

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2365, *r-kəw ⪤ *hu ‘STEAL’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2365
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#033
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2365,
  title  = {{*r-kəw ⪤ *hu 'STEAL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2365},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2365}
}