STEDT
Animals and Animal Verbs  ›  Animals of the Chinese Zodiac  ›  Rodents
STEDT #2630

*rwak

RAT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlerwakinitialrwrhymeakcoverL · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tangkhulic*rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’DRM#567

Connections

HPTB*r-wak ‘rat’pp. 151, 321

Reflexes & cognates213 reflexes · 19 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

1.1.1.1Western Tani1

Apatanikumorpheme-xa ‘rat (species)’Sun J 93 Tani

1.3.4Tangkhulic4

*Tangkhulicrwok ‘rat / rodent’Mortensen 12 Tk: 567
Huishuʔamorpheme-pʰəmorpheme-juʔ ‘rat / rodent’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.076
Kachaiʃimmorpheme-rɐk ‘rat / rodent’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.075
Ukhrulʃimorpheme-ok ‘rat, rodent’Mortensen 12 Tk

2.1.2.1Tibetan1

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]xjwa̱ ‘rat, mouse’Li 97 Tangut: 3958

3.2Qiangic30

Ersugu⁵⁵phɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.18
Guiqiongtshui⁵³ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.17
Muyatshuə̱²⁴ n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.15
Muya [Minyak]tshuɯ³⁵ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.15
Namuyixa³⁵tsɿ⁵⁵tsɿ⁵⁵ ‘rat / mouse’Loan from Chinese, cf. Chinese hàozi 耗子 ‘rat, mouse’.Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.19
Namuyiχa³¹ (lu̵⁵⁵Tibetan loanwordsu̵³³) n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.46
Namuyiχa³¹tsɿ³³morphemetsɿ⁵⁵morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.46
Pumi (Qinghua)ɣo⁵⁵ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.11
Pumi (Taoba)ɣo⁵³ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.10
Queyu (Xinlong)xue⁵⁵ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.13
Xumixu⁵⁵ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.17
Xumixu⁵⁵mi³³morpheme ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.20
Xumixu⁵⁵mi⁵⁵morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.17

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Danba)vtɕɯ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.14

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmesek-r-wak ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188

6.1.1Burmish37

*Burmesekr ‘rat’Okell 71
Achang (Lianghe)kuɑ³¹ ‘rat / mouse’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)kʐoʔ⁵⁵ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.41
Achang (Longchuan)kʐoʔ⁵⁵ (n̥ək⁵⁵) n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.28
Achang (Luxi)kuaʔ³¹ ‘rat / mouse’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)kʐoʔ⁵⁵ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.29
Arakanesekrwo' ‘rat’Okell 71
Bola (Luxi)ɣɔʔ³¹naʔ³¹morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.32
Bola (Luxi)ɣɔʔ³¹naʔ³¹morpheme (tɛ̃⁵⁵vɛʔ⁵⁵) n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.32
Burmese (Rangoon)tɕwɛʔ⁴ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.27
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)tɕwɛʔ⁴⁴ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.40
Burmese (Written)krwak ‘rat, mouse’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)krwɑk⁴ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.26
Hpun (Northern)kăʀᴜ̀ʔ, khăʀòʔ ‘rat’Henderson 86 Hpun
Inthacwe' ‘rat’Okell 71
Langsu (Luxi)ɣuk³¹nɔʔ³¹morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.31
Langsu (Luxi)ɣuk³¹nɔʔ³¹morpheme (tsəŋ³¹) n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.31
Marmakrwɔʔ ‘rat / mouse’Huziwara 08 Sak: 304-16
Maru [Langsu]yùk ‘rat’Okell 71
Maru [Langsu]ɣuk³¹nɔʔ³¹morpheme ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.43
Tavoyankwa' ‘rat’Okell 71

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloish(k)-rwakᴴ ‘rat’Bradley 79 PLo: 31
*Loloish(k)-rwakᴴ ‘rat’Hansson 89 AHKP: 452

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish26

Gazhuoxa⁵⁵mɛ³³morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.47
Laloámorpheme-haq ‘rat’Björverud 94
Luquanhan 22s ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188
Nasuxan 43 ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188
Nusu (Northern)ɹuɑ̱³¹pɔ⁵⁵morphemeɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘rat / mouse’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)ɹuɑ⁵³pɔ³¹morpheme ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.45
Nusu (Southern)ɹu̱⁵³ ‘rat / mouse’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)hua³³ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.22
Yi (Liangshan)a³⁴morphemehɛ³³ ‘mouse; rat’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)hɛ³³ ‘mouse; rat’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)hɛ³³dɯ³³morphemembu³³morpheme ‘rat’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)hɛ³³ʥu̱³³morpheme ‘mouse hole’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)lo³⁴morphemehɛ³³ ‘mouse, field’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Nanhua)hᴀ̱³³; xɛ̱³³ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.24
Yi (Nanhua)xæ̱³³ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.37
Yi (Nanjian)a⁵⁵morphemehɑ³³ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.23
Yi (Weishan)ha⁵⁵ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ³³morphemehɑ⁵⁵ n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.36
Yi (Wuding)hɑ̱² n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.38
Yi (Xide)a⁴⁴morphemehe³³ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.21
Yi (Xide)he³³ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.35
Yi (Xide)ɑ³⁴morphemehe³³ n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish62

Jinuoxo⁴²tʃha⁵⁵ n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.44
Kucongfa33 ‘rat / mouse’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahufâʔ ‘rat’Coblin 86: 122
Lahu (Lancang)fɑ⁵⁴ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.43
Lahu (Lancang)fɑ⁵⁴tɕhɑ²¹morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.43
Lahu (Black)fâʔ ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188
Lahu (Black)fâʔ-cúmorpheme-sīmorpheme ‘wen’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)fâʔ-šūmorpheme ‘great flying squirrel’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 320
Lahu (Black)fâʔ-šwɛmorpheme ‘red-cheeked ground squirrel; long-nosed tree squirrel’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 151
Lahu (Black)fᴀ⁵⁴ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.33
Lahu (Yellow)fa⁶ ‘zodiac year (Rat)’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)gwa³³morphemehæ̃³⁵ N‘grey-bellied rat (living in bamboo bush or conifer forest on high mountains, with greyish-white belly, lives in large groups)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵ N‘mouse; rodent’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵bi⁴⁴morpheme ‘black and white flying squirrel (head as big as a squirrel's, body as big as a cat's, with grey-hair and webbed claws; its fur is valuable)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)hæ̃³⁵bjø⁴⁴morpheme ‘black and white flying squirrel (head as big as a squirrel's, body as big as a cat's, with grey-hair and webbed claws; its fur is valuable)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵hø̃²¹morphemephu²¹#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ ‘rat with short and thick tail, big belly, grey hair’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵khi³⁵morpheme ‘kind of rodent (as big as beaver, dark grey in colour, living in mountain hollows with heavy foliage)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵la²¹morphemehi⁵⁵morpheme ‘long-nosed house mouse, Mus musculus homourus’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵ma³³morphememy⁵⁵morpheme ‘old female mouse (parallel to the old ape in the Lisu creation poem)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵phɤ²¹morpheme ‘house mouse; rat’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵sɤ³³morphemelɤ³³morpheme ‘kind of rodent, Sorex araneus’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵thɔʔ²¹la³³#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’ ‘Tibetan pika 'rat-rabbit', Ochotona thibetana (living in coniferous forests in Biluo Snow Mountains and Gaoligong Mountains)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃³⁵ɔ⁵⁵morphemebø⁴⁴morpheme ‘grey-bellied rat (with grey hair and a head a bit bigger than that of rat, living on Biluo Snow Mountains)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hɔ²¹bi⁴⁴morpheme N‘flying rat; flying squirrel (cf. hæ̃³⁵)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuhɛ̃³⁵ n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.40
Lisuhɛ̃³⁵ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.40
Lisuhɛ̃³⁵be³¹ n‘squirrel’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0321.40
Lisuhɛ̃³⁵lɑ³¹ n‘weasel (yellow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0322.40
Lisuhɛ³⁵phɯ³¹morpheme ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.27
Lisuhɛ̃³⁵pu̱³³ n‘hedgehog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0319.40
Lisu (Northern)hɯ̃³³la²¹morpheme N‘rodent (sp.) , Martes flavig’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuhʻá2 ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188
Lisu (Central)hʼá² ‘rat’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)ji³³morphemedʑæ³³morphemehæ̃³⁵ ‘webfooted rat (the size of a mouse, living on river banks, with long and thick hair)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ji³³morphemehæ̃³⁵ ‘water rat (living on river banks, with greyish-yellow hair)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɤ²¹morphemethæ³³morpheme hæ̃³⁵phɤ²¹morpheme ‘kind of rodent rattus flavipectus’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ʃɿ⁵⁵#5642 PTB *s-yəy ‘GRASS’hæ̃³⁵ ‘grass rat (kind of rat which nests in thick grass)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]he 44 ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188
Yi (Sani)he⁴⁴ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish34

Bisuhɔ̄-tammorpheme ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188
Bisuhɔ◦tàmmorpheme ‘rat’Bradley 9x Bisu
Hani (Lüchun)xu³³ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.41
Hani (Lüchun)xu³³tsa̱³¹morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.41
Hani (Mojiang)fv̩³³ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.42
Hani (Mojiang)fv̩³³tʃha³¹morpheme n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.42
Pyenho33 tam21morpheme ‘mouse’Shintani 09 Pyen: 021022
Silaɔ33 tɕha̰21 ‘mouse’Kato 08 Lao: 101
Wonifu 55 ‘rat / rodent’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 188

6.2Naxi4

Na (Yongning)kʰv˧sɯ˧morphemesɯ˩ ‘shrub with pungent, red fruit (Chinese: "mouse ear")’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxifv̩⁵⁵ n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.45
Naxifv̩⁵⁵ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.45
Naxi (Lijiang)fv⁵⁵ ‘rat / mouse’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 134.28

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2630, *rwak ‘RAT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2630
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC p.2
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2630,
  title  = {{*rwak 'RAT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2630},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2630}
}