STEDT #2796
*b-yəw-n
RAT / RABBIT / HARE
Reconstruction analysis
handleyuwprefixbinitialyrhymeəw-ncoverL · VW
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
HPTB*b-yəw-n ‘rat / rabbit / hare’pp. 45, 130, 182, 185, 199, 449
See also*b-yəw-n ‘RAT / RABBIT / HARE’
Notes
A suffixal element -n appears in several languages, including WB, Jingpho, Galo, and Chinese, interpreted as a collective suffix in STC (notes 103, 284).
A closely similar root, *bwəy, has been reconstructed with the meaning ‘bamboo rat’ #2186 (STC #173), so that it is often quite difficult to assign a particular reflex to one or the other.
There are two Chinese comparanda, one with an open syllable (鼠 ‘mouse, rat’ OC *śi̯o) and one with the final collective suffix *-n ( ‘hare’ OC *tsi̯wən ⪤ *tsʻi̯wən).
Chinese comparandum
鼠 OC *śi̯o, GSR #92a-d ‘rat’; Mand. shǔ.
㕙 OC *ts’i̯wən`*tsi̯wən, GSR #468s ‘hare, marmot’; Schuessler 2007:438 *tsiun; Mand. jùn.
Benedict derives this last form from a hypothetical binome *sya-yəw (where the first element is #34 PTB *sya-n FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL) as the source of Chinese 鼠 ‘mouse, rat’ (OC *śi̯o GSR #92d; Mand. shŭ).
Reflexes & cognates188 reflexes · 37 subgroups
0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7
*Tibeto-Burmansya#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-yəw ‘rat’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 620
1.1“North Assam”1
1.1.1.1Western Tani9
1.2Kuki-Chin1
1.2.1.1Northern Chin12
Thadozú-lày#2663 PTB *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) ‘SQUIRREL / WEASEL’PKC *yu-lay ‘SQUIRREL’PKC *thia-hlay ‘SQUIRREL’PTk *lej ‘SQUIRREL’PKar *hliᴮ ‘SQUIRREL’ ‘squirrel’VanBik 09 PKC: 1053
Thadozū◦cà#5564 PTB *tsak ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’PL *tsakᴸ ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’ ‘mouse’Thirumalai 72: 29
Thadozú◦cà#5564 PTB *tsak ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’PL *tsakᴸ ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’ ‘mouse’Thirumalai 72: 63
Tiddimzu¹ lei¹#2663 PTB *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) ‘SQUIRREL / WEASEL’PKC *yu-lay ‘SQUIRREL’PKC *thia-hlay ‘SQUIRREL’PTk *lej ‘SQUIRREL’PKar *hliᴮ ‘SQUIRREL’ ‘squirrel’VanBik 09 PKC: 1053
Tiddimzu¹ sa¹#5564 PTB *tsak ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’PL *tsakᴸ ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’ ‘mouse’VanBik 09 PKC: 1219
Tiddimzu¹ sa¹#5564 PTB *tsak ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’PL *tsakᴸ ‘FILTHY / DIRTY / RAT’ ‘mouse’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2062
Tiddimˉzŭˊ◦saː#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ n+n‘rats and mice / vermin’Henderson 65 TidC
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin11
1.2.2Central Chin15
Lai (Hakha)zu-bûy#2186 PTB *bwəy ‘RAT (BAMBOO RAT)’PKC *ɓuy ⪤ *puy ‘MOUSE / RAT (bamboo) / MOLE’ ‘mouse, bamboo rat’VanBik 09 PKC: 36
Lai (Falam)zu-bǔy#2186 PTB *bwəy ‘RAT (BAMBOO RAT)’PKC *ɓuy ⪤ *puy ‘MOUSE / RAT (bamboo) / MOLE’ ‘mouse, bamboo rat’VanBik 09 PKC: 36
Lai (Hakha)zu-lây#2663 PTB *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) ‘SQUIRREL / WEASEL’PKC *yu-lay ‘SQUIRREL’PKC *thia-hlay ‘SQUIRREL’PTk *lej ‘SQUIRREL’PKar *hliᴮ ‘SQUIRREL’ ‘squirrel’VanBik 09 PKC: 1053
Lushai [Mizo]sà#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-zû ‘rat’VanBik 09 PKC: 1219
Lushai [Mizo]sa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-zu ‘rat’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2062
Lushai [Mizo]sa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-zu ‘rat, rabbit’Benedict 72 STC: 93
Lushai [Mizo]sa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-zu-puimorpheme ‘hare (=big rat)’Benedict 72 STC: 99n284
Lushai [Mizo]sa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦zu ‘mouse’Marrison 67 Naga
Lushai [Mizo]sa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦zu ‘rat’Marrison 67 Naga
Lushai [Mizo]sa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦zûu ‘rat’Løffler 85 Paa
1.2.3Maraic3
1.3“Naga” Areal Group1
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)6
1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group5
1.3.3Zeme Group1
1.5Mikir [Karbi]6
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang10
1.7.3.1Jingpho7
1.7.3.2Asakian1
2.1.1Western Himalayish4
2.1.2Bodic2
2.1.2.1Tibetan2
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1
2.3.2Southern Kiranti1
2.3.4Western Kiranti2
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang14
3.1Tangut3
3.2Qiangic12
Qiang (Longxi)zɨ̀ kú#2630 PTB *rwak ‘RAT’PTk *rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’ ‘1st earthly branch (rat)’[Source note] calque (Evans 1999).Evans 99 Qiang: 1104
Qiang (Mawo)zə xu̥ʴ#2630 PTB *rwak ‘RAT’PTk *rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’ n‘mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0320.08
Qiang (Mawo)zə xu̥ʴ#2630 PTB *rwak ‘RAT’PTk *rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’ n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.08
Qiang (Mianchi)dzɛ́ kuè#2630 PTB *rwak ‘RAT’PTk *rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’ ~ dzè kuè ‘1st earthly branch (rat)’[Source note] calque (Evans 1999).Evans 99 Qiang: 1104
Qiang (Mianchi)dzɛ́ kuɛ̀#2630 PTB *rwak ‘RAT’PTk *rwok ‘RAT / RODENT’ ‘rat, mouse’Evans 99 Qiang: 397
3.3rGyalrongic1
3.3.1rGyalrong6
4Nungic1
5Tujia5
6.1.1Burmish11
7Karenic35
Kayan (Pekon)zū◦dó̤#2697 PTB *ta-y ‘BIG’PTani *tə ~ *ta ‘BIG’PTk *dej ‘LARGE / BIG’ N‘house mouse [lit. rodent-big]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)zū◦θakʰ#32 PTB *m-sak ‘BREATH(E) / LIFE’PCN *sak ‘BREATH’◦ánmorpheme N‘large bamboo rat [lit. rodent-?]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)zū◦θak#32 PTB *m-sak ‘BREATH(E) / LIFE’PCN *sak ‘BREATH’◦énmorpheme N‘spotted squirrel with a spindly tail [lit. rodent-?]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)zū◦θak#32 PTB *m-sak ‘BREATH(E) / LIFE’PCN *sak ‘BREATH’◦wanmorpheme N‘bamboo rat [lit. rodent-?]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)zū◦θa#32 PTB *m-sak ‘BREATH(E) / LIFE’PCN *sak ‘BREATH’◦hàmorpheme N‘lesser bamboo rat [lit. rodent-?]’Manson 10 Kayan
Pa-Ojû dô#2697 PTB *ta-y ‘BIG’PTani *tə ~ *ta ‘BIG’PTk *dej ‘LARGE / BIG’ ‘gnaw a hole, as mouse’Solnit 89 PaO
9.0.1Old Chinese3
9.0.2Middle Chinese1
9.0.3Modern Chinese2
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #2796,
*b-yəw-n ‘RAT / RABBIT / HARE’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2796Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#093, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2796,
title = {{*b-yəw-n 'RAT / RABBIT / HARE'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2796},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2796}
}