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STEDT #5539

*dzy(ə/o)w

SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Intermediate reconstructions

Tangkhulic*ju ‘KISS’DRM#616

Connections

Allofams

1a #5536 *dz(y)wap ⪤ *ts(y)wap ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’
1b #5541 *m-ts(y)(u/i)p ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’
1c #5537 *dzyut ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’
1d #5540 *tsyuk ⪤ *dzyuk ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’
1e #5539 *dzy(ə/o)w ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’

Notes

This root frequently occurs reduplicated, for obvious hypocoristic reasons, occasionally with voicing of the second reduplicate (cf. the Lalung form). This root is allofamically connected to #5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish reflexes of the various allofams, especially in branches like Loloish that have reduced final consonantism. Many languages have allofamic doublets in any case.

Reflexes & cognates84 reflexes · 23 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmandz(y)əw ‘suck / kiss / breast / milk’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 589

*Tibeto-Burmandzyow ‘suck / kiss / breast / milk’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 589

1.1.1.1Western Tani14

Bengniaprefix-ču ‘breast’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniaprefix-ču ‘milk’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniaprefix-ču itmorpheme ‘milch’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokaraprefix-ču ‘breast’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokaraprefix-čuː ‘breast’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokardʑuː v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.24

Bokarǰuː v‘milk’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokar Lhobaaprefix tɕuː ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.51

Bokar Lhobadʑuː v‘milk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 611.51

Bokar Lhobatɕu◦rəmorpheme ‘milk dregs’Bokar Lhoba tɕu rə a loanword from Tibetan, referring actually to a kind of dried cheese (cf. WT ru-ma ‘curdled milk, used as a ferment’ (Jäschke 1881/1958:531)).Sun H 80 MLD

Galoaprefix◦co ‘breasts’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galoaprefix◦co cuːmorpheme◦cirː#3465 PTB *tsyir ⪤ *tsyuːr ‘WRING / SQUEEZE’PKC *shuur ⪤ *shoor ‘SQUEEZE / MILK (v.) / WRING / RAIN (v.)’ ‘nipple’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Miri, Hillo#3464 PTB *wa ‘SUCKLE / MILK / BREAST’◦ci ‘milk’Simon 76 Miri

Taginaprefix◦cu ‘breast’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.2Deng2

Iduno#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’◦cimorpheme eprefix◦co◦gamorpheme ‘suckle’Pulu 78

Idunu#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’◦ci ‘milk’Pulu 78

1.2.4“Old Kuki”3

Kom Remču ču ‘breast’Toba 91 KRQ: 5.4

Kom Remču ču mur#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’ ‘nipple’Toba 91 KRQ: 5.4.1

Moyoncu◦cuʔ ‘breast’Kosha 90: 5.4

Khezhamemorpheme◦tsɯ̵́ v.‘suck’Yabu 94 Khö: 5.4.4

Maooprefix◦ne#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’◦dzü ‘milk’Marrison 67 Naga

Rengmanyu#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’◦ju ‘breast’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic3

*Tangkhulicju ‘kiss’Mortensen 12 Tk: 616

Tusomkʰamorpheme-məmorpheme-zɯ ‘kiss’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.102

Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-ju ‘kiss’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.5Mikir [Karbi]6

Mikir [Karbi]chu ‘suck’Marrison 67 Naga

Mikir [Karbi]chū- v.‘suck’Grüssner 79 BP: 74

Mikir [Karbi]chù-bōng#3461 PTB *m-bawŋ ‘BREAST / MILK’PNN *puːŋ ‘BREAST / FLOWER’ ‘breast’Grüssner 79 BP: 74

Mikir [Karbi]chù-bōng#3461 PTB *m-bawŋ ‘BREAST / MILK’PNN *puːŋ ‘BREAST / FLOWER’-chethèmorpheme ‘nipple’Karbi chethè is defined as ‘life, breath, stature; pipe’ in Walker 1925:31, as in chethè ari ‘larynx, windpipe’. Thus this form seems to mean ‘breast-pipe’. For reasons of space, this semantic association is not diagrammed in the chart at the beginning of this chapter.Grüssner 79 BP: 74

Mikir [Karbi]chū-lāng#191 PTB *laŋ ‘WATER / FLUID / RIVER / VALLEY’PTani *laŋ ‘SOUP’PLB *laŋ¹ ‘RIVER / VALLEY’ ‘milk’Grüssner 79 BP: 74

Mikir [Karbi]mókmorpheme kemorpheme-chū- v.‘suck’Grüssner 79 BP: 172

1.7.1.1Bodo4

Lalung [Tiwa]chu◦ju ‘breast’Balawan 65: 9

Lalung [Tiwa]chu◦ju chamorpheme◦namorpheme v.‘suck breast’Balawan 65: 9

Lalung [Tiwa]chu◦masuffix n.‘kiss’Balawan 65: 9

Lalung [Tiwa]chu◦masuffix chamorpheme◦namorpheme v.‘kiss’Balawan 65: 9

1.7.1.4Deori2

Deori/Deurice² v.‘milk’unknown

Deori/Deuriche v‘milk’Brown 95: 73

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sak (Bawtala)ăprefix◦tsô² ‘breasts’Luce 85: L.146

2.1.1Western Himalayish4

Bunanpel#3467 PKir *pil ‘MILK (v.) / SQUEEZE / PRESS OUT’◦tsi ‘milk’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 5.4.3

Kanauriču◦ču ‘nipple’Sharma, D.D. 88 Kn: 29

Pattani [Manchati]cu◦cu f.‘breast’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

Pattani [Manchati]cu◦cu ‘breast’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 5.4

2.1.2Bodic5

Tsangla (Motuo)tɕʰu◦ramorpheme ‘milk dregs’Tsangla (Motuo) tɕʰu ra is a loanword from Tibetan, referring to a kind of dried cheese (cf. Bokar Lhoba tɕu rə).Sun H 80 MLD

Tshona (Wenlang)jo³⁵ ‘milk’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)jo¹³ ‘milk’Sun H 80 MLD

Tshona (Mama)jo¹³ ‘milk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 281.6

Tshona (Mama)tɕʰu⁵⁵ ru⁵³morpheme ‘milk dregs’Sun H 80 MLD

2.1.2.1Tibetan4

Tibetan (Balti)ču◦ču· ‘nipple’Rangan 75: 67

Tibetan (Written)bʑo v‘milk’WT bʑo is the future form of the verb, whose principal parts are ḥjo-ba (Pres.). bźos (Perf.), bźo (Fut.), ḥjos (Impv.) (see, Jäschke 1881/1958:179).Sun H 91 ZMYY: 611.1

Tibetan (Written)ḥjo-basuffix v‘milk’These WT forms reflect the allofam *dzyow (see, HPTB:224, 382).Jäschke 1881: 179

Tibetan (Written)ʒo ‘milk’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.4Tamangish1

Tamang (Risiangku)¹tsju-¹tsju n‘milk (baby-talk)’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 5.4.3

2.2Newar1

Newarcu◦cu pyaemorpheme◦gusuffix v.‘suck’Shakya 89: 5.4.5

2.3.4Western Kiranti3

Bahingny#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’◦tsy ‘milk’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 117

Hayutshux◦tsumorpheme n‘breast, nipple’Michailovsky 89 H2: 84.171

Hayutshux◦tsu ‘breast’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 28

4Nungic2

Anongɑ³¹prefixtʂhu⁵⁵ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.44

Anongɑ³¹prefixtʂhu⁵⁵tʂhɿ³¹#5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’MesorootsPKC *θeep ‘SUCK / SMOKE (v.)’PCN *m-tshəp ‘SUCK / KISS’PNN *CⓋ-cuːp ‘SUCK’PNN *CⓋ-cʰup ‘KISS’PLB *ʔcupᴴ ⪤ *ʔjupᴸ ⪤ *C-cupᴸ ‘SUCK / MILK’Allofams1a #5536 PTB *dz(y)wap ⪤ *ts(y)wap ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1b #5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1c #5537 PTB *dzyut ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1d #5540 PTB *tsyuk ⪤ *dzyuk ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1e #5539 PTB *dzy(ə/o)w ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’ ‘milk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 281.44

6.1.1Burmish5

Achang (Longchuan)nau³⁵#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ tʂu³⁵ ‘breast’Dai 85 AcJZ

Burmese (Written)cuiʼ ‘suck’Marrison 67 Naga

Maru [Langsu]tʃa̱uk⁵⁵ v.‘nurse / suckle’Note the secondary final velar, the regular Maru reflex of the rhyme *-əw. See note under #253 PTB *s-nəw BREAST / MILK / SUCK.Dai 89 Lang: 5.4.6

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishco¹ ‘milk’Bradley 79 PLo: 155A

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish5

Gazhuoɕo³³ pv̩³⁵morpheme ‘breast’Dai 89 Gazh: 5.4

Yi (Dafang)tsɒ¹³ mo²¹morpheme ‘breast’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Dafang)tsɒ¹³ ʑi²¹#1013 PTB *rəy ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODILY FLUID’PLB *rəy¹ ‘WATER’PL *re¹ ‘WATER’ ‘milk’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Dafang)tsɒ¹³mo²¹morpheme ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.22

Yi (Dafang)tsɒ¹³ʑi²¹#1013 PTB *rəy ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODILY FLUID’PLB *rəy¹ ‘WATER’PL *re¹ ‘WATER’ ‘milk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 281.22

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish9

Akhaa˯prefix coeˇ ‘breast; milk’Lewis 68 AEDc: 50

Hani (Dazhai)a³¹prefix tɕʰu⁵⁵ ‘breast’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Dazhai)a³¹prefix tɕʰu⁵⁵ ‘milk’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Dazhai)a³¹prefixtɕhu⁵⁵ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.31

Hani (Dazhai)a³¹prefixtɕhu⁵⁵ ‘milk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 281.31

Hani (Gelanghe)a³¹prefix tɕʰø⁵⁵ ‘milk’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)a³¹prefix tɕʰø⁵⁵ bɛ̱³³#308 PLB *pat ‘CHEST’ ‘breast’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Côông [Phunoi]lɑ̃⁵⁵#3458 PTB *s-lwaŋ ‘BREAST’ cu¹¹ ɲiʔ⁵⁵#254 PTB *s-nya-n ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’ ‘suck’Bradley xx Phu

Sangkongloŋ³³#3458 PTB *s-lwaŋ ‘BREAST’ tɕhø⁵⁵ ‘breast milk’Li Yongsui 91 Sang

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5539, *dzy(ə/o)w ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5539

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB p. 382

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-5539,
  title  = {{*dzy(ə/o)w 'SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5539},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5539}
}