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Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production › Movement › Manner is primary

STEDT #521

*ga

DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

prefixsinitialgrhymea

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*ga³ ⪤ *ʔga² ‘SING / DANCE / PLAY’

Connections

Allofams

1 #482 *gaːr ⪤ *ga ‘DANCE / SING / LEAP / STRIDE’
1a #2234 *gaːr ‘DANCE / SING / LEAP / STRIDE’
1b #521 *ga ‘DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE’

Notes

This root is distinct from #6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at RUN / DANCE / KICK, and frequently occurs in compounds with it.

rGyalrong shows an r- prefix so far not found elsewhere.

Lolo-Burmese shows tonal variation in this root, sometimes accompanied by the semantic difference between SING / PLAY and DANCE.

Chinese comparandum

歌 OC *kɑ̂, GSR #1q; B & S 2011: *kˁaj {[k]ˁaj}; Mand. gē.

Reflexes & cognates52 reflexes · 9 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmangaːr#2234 PTB *gaːr ‘DANCE / SING / LEAP / STRIDE’MesorootsPCN *khən ‘SONG’Allofams1 #482 PTB *gaːr ⪤ *ga ‘DANCE / SING / LEAP / STRIDE’1a #2234 PTB *gaːr ‘DANCE / SING / LEAP / STRIDE’1b #521 PTB *ga ‘DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE’ ⪤ s-ga ‘dance / sing / leap / stride’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 590

1.7.3.1Jingpho3

Jingphoka̱³¹ v‘dance’Liu 84

Jingphoka̱³¹ v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.19

Jingphoka̱³¹ ‘dance’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 684.47

3.3.1rGyalrong3

rGyalrongtamorpheme rga ‘dance’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 684.12

rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɑmorpheme rgɑ n‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0657.11

rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɑmorpheme rgɑ kɑmorpheme pɑmorpheme v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.11

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

This reconstruction is actually a bit different from that offered in DL:228 (PLB *ʔga1¹ or *ga³).

*Lolo-Burmesega³ ⪤ ʔga² ‘SING / DANCE / PLAY’Matisoff 88 DL: 228

6.1.1Burmish12

Burmese (Rangoon)kɑ⁵³ v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.27

Burmese (Rangoon)ɑ⁵³prefixkɑ⁵³ n‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0657.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)kɑ⁵³ ‘dance’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 684.40

Burmese (Written)ka v‘dance’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)ká ‘dance’Benedict 72 STC: 15n54(a)

Burmese (Written)ká ‘dance’Benedict 72 STC: 18n65

Burmese (Written)ka' ‘dance’Matisoff 83 TIL: 4

Burmese (Written)ka' ‘dance’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 173

Burmese (Written)kaʼ v.‘dance’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)kɑ¹ v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.26

Burmese (Written)kɑ¹ ‘dance’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 684.39

Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixkɑ¹ n‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0657.26

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishga³ ‘dance’Bradley 79 PLo: 658-1

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish10

Laloɣa-khjaqmorpheme ‘dance’Björverud 94

Nusu (Central)ga³¹ v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.34

Nusu (Bijiang)gɑ³¹tɕi̱³¹morpheme ‘dance’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 684.45

Nusu (Southern)gɔ³¹ ‘dance’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Nanhua)go³³ɕe³³morpheme n‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0657.37

Yi (Nanhua)go³³ɕe̱³³morpheme v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.37

Yi (Weishan)ɣɑ³³cha³³morpheme n‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0657.36

Yi (Weishan)ɣɑ³³chɑ³³morpheme v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.36

Yi (Wuding)gu̱²thi̱²morpheme n‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0657.38

Yi (Wuding)gu̱²ʈhi̱²morpheme v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.38

6.1.2.2Central Loloish22

Jinuo (Youle)kɔ³³ ‘jump’Gai 86

Jinuokɔ⁴⁴ v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.44

Jinuokɔ⁴⁴ v.‘jump’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1678.44

Lahuqā ‘dance’Benedict 72 STC: 18n65

Lahu (Lancang)qɑ³³qhe³³#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’PTani *kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’ v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.43

Lahu (Lancang)qɑ¹¹qhe⁵⁴#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’PTani *kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’ n‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0657.43

Lahu (Black)qa v‘play’Matisoff 88 DL: 228

Lahu (Black)qā ‘dance’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 173

Lahu (Black)qā◦qhêʔ#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’PTani *kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’ ‘dance’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039

Lahu (Black)qᴀ¹¹qhe³³#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’PTani *kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’ ‘dance’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 684.33

Lahu (Yellow)qa¹ ‘song’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)qa¹mɯ²morpheme ‘sing’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)qa¹mɯ²morphemekhɔ³morpheme ‘folk song’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)qa¹qhe¹#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’PTani *kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’ ‘dance’Chang 86

Lisugwa- ‘dance’Benedict 72 STC: 18n65

Lisu (Central)gwa⁵-hchye²#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’PTani *kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’ ‘dance’Fraser 22

Lisukuɑ³³khi³⁵morphemeki³⁵morpheme v.‘dance’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1677.40

Lisu (Northern)kwa³³dzu⁴⁴morpheme N‘dance (a kind of Lisu dance)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)kwa³³dzu⁴⁴morpheme mu³³morpheme ‘lead the dance’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)kwa³³dzu⁴⁴morpheme mu³³morphemesu³³#5632 PTB *su ⪤ *s-lu ‘WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.’ ‘person who leads the dance’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)kwa³³khi³⁵morpheme V‘dance’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Yongsheng)kɑ⁴⁴tʃhi³⁵#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’PTani *kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’ v‘dance’Xu 86 Lisu

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)kɑ̂ ‘sing / song’Chou 72: 1q

Chinese (Old)kâ ‘sing’Matisoff 83 TIL: 48

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #521, *ga ‘DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/521

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB pp. 393,427

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-521,
  title  = {{*ga 'DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #521},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/521}
}