STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Movement  ›  Manner is primary
STEDT #6705

*gan ⪤ *k(y)at

RUN / DANCE / KICK
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*kat¹ ‘ESCAPE / FLEE’JS-HCST: 210; note that ¹ is not a tone

Notes

This root should be kept distinct from #2234 PTB *gaːr DANCE / SING / LEAP / STRIDE and #521 PTB *ga DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE. Several languages have compounds of the structure #521 PTB *ga DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE + #6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at RUN / DANCE / KICK, e.g. Lahu qā-qhêʔ.

Reflexes & cognates91 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmangan ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 590
*Tibeto-Burmank(y)at ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 598
*Tibeto-Burmank(y)at ‘(sudden) lateral action’[Source note] [G&C 39; TSR 18] (LaPolla 1987).LaPolla 87: 185
*Tibeto-Burmank(y)at ⪤ gan ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039

1.1“North Assam”1

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanikat¹ ‘escape / flee’Sun J 93 HCST: 128

1.1.1.1Western Tani15

Bengnikit ‘escape / flee’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengnikit(-faːmorpheme) ‘escape’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarket ‘escape / flee’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokarket v.‘escape / run away’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1663.24
Bokarket(-ñeːmorpheme) ‘escape’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobaket ȵɛːmorpheme ‘escape’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 711.51
Galoken-namsuffix v‘abscond’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoken-namsuffix v‘escape’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoken-namsuffix v‘flee’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoken◦namsuffix vi.‘avoid’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoken◦namsuffix vi.‘escape’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoken◦namsuffix vi.‘flee’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoken◦namsuffix vi.‘run (away)’GLDC 09 Galo
Taginkɤ-namsuffix ‘flee’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.7.1.1Bodo2

Bodokhat ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039
Kokborokkʰa ‘run’Tripuri 88

1.7.1.2Garo4

Garokat ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039
Garo (Bangladesh)kat-amorpheme vi‘run; run away’Burling 03 Garo: 9.316-II:idx
Garo (Bangladesh)kat-sitmorpheme-tapmorpheme-amorpheme vi‘run away’Burling 03 Garo: 9.316-II:idx

2.1.2Bodic2

Motuo Menbagan v.‘escape / run away’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1663.07
Cuona Menbatoŋ³⁵morpheme kan⁵³ v.‘collide / run into’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1550.06

3.2Qiangic1

Qiang (Mawo)kət v.‘collide / run into’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1550.08

4Nungic1

Dulongɑt⁵⁵ v.‘escape / run away’The zero-initial in this Dulong form is unexplained.Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1663.20

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.1Burmish11

Achang (Luxi)khat⁵⁵ ‘chase / run after’Dai 85 AcJZ
Burmese (Written)kan v.‘kick; kick back, rebound (as a gun when fired); push off (as a boat from land); prop laterally’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039
Burmese (Written)khun ‘jump, leap, beat ( as heart )’Benedict 76 WBur
Marmakhaiʔ ‘kick’Huziwara 08 Sak: 209
Maru [Langsu]khɛʔ⁵⁵ ‘chase / run after’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 712.43

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish11

Gazhuokɤ³¹ka³²³morphemeji³³morpheme v.‘escape / run away’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1663.47
Lalogə̀ ‘run’Björverud 94
Nusu (Southern)khue̱⁵³ ‘kick’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)khue⁵³ɬe³⁵morpheme ‘kick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 565.45
Nusu (Northern)khuə³¹ ‘run’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)kiɔ̃³⁵morphemekhɑ⁵⁵ ‘chase / run after’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)tɔ⁵⁵morphemekhuə³¹ ‘run’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Nanhua)tɕhɛ̱³³ ‘kick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 565.24
Yi (Nanjian)tʂha³³; pi̱³³morpheme ‘kick;kick (person by animal)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 565.23

6.1.2.2Central Loloish16

Lisuhchye2 ‘run’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 18
Lisuhchye² ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039
Lisu (Central)hchye² v.‘run’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)hchye² (jye⁴morpheme) v.‘bolt / run away’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)hchye²-jye⁴morpheme ‘flee’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)tɕhæ⁵⁵ V‘dance’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕhæ⁵⁵ŋɔ²¹morpheme n‘dance’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]cɛ⁴⁴ ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish8

Akhaceh HS ‘run’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 18
Akhacehʔ³³ ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039
Akhacehˆ (<PLB ‘run’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 340
Akhatjɛ́q ‘run / dance / kick’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 039
Hani (Lüchun)ɕe̱³³du̱³³morpheme v.‘escape / run away’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1663.41

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #6705, *gan ⪤ *k(y)at ‘RUN / DANCE / KICK’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6705
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: HPTB: 519
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-6705,
  title  = {{*gan ⪤ *k(y)at 'RUN / DANCE / KICK'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #6705},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6705}
}