Reconstruction analysis
handlekwəyprefixdinitialkʷrhymeəy-ncoverK · W
Intermediate reconstructions
Lolo-Burmese*kʷəy² ‘DOG’
Karenic*thwíʔ ‘DOG’
Connections
HPTB*d-kʷəy-n ‘dog’pp. 20, 23, 24, 62, 96, 141, 196, 201, 448
Notes
Interesting reflexes of this etymon with labiovelar initial include the labial-initial Lahu form, the dental-initial Karenic forms, and the zero-initial Chin forms, the last two of which indicate that the velar-initial was sometimes treated as a prefix.
The nasal suffix is reconstructed on the basis of the Chinese comparandum.
Chinese comparandum
Two Chinese forms are considered to descend from this etymon:
狗 OC *ku, GSR #108d; B & S 2011: *Cə.kˁroʔ {Cə.[k]ˁroʔ}; Mand. gǒu
犬 OC *k’iwən, GSR #479a-d; B & S 2011: *kʷʰˁenʔ {[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ}; Mand. quǎn.
OC *ku reflects the unsuffixed root, while OC *k’iwən bears the “collective” nasal suffix.
Reflexes & cognates734 reflexes · 57 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)9
1.1.1Tani1
1.1.1.1Western Tani56
Apatani(aprefix-ki)◦ki-nə#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘bitch’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniàprefix-kì aprefix-ji#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth (canine)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniàprefix-kì aprefix-mi#1288 PTB *r-may ⪤ *m-ray ‘TAIL / PENIS’MesorootsPTani *me ~ *mjo ‘TAIL’PKC *C-may ‘TAIL’PLB *ʔ-m(r)ay² ‘TAIL’PL *ʔmri² ‘TAIL’Allofams1 #1288 PTB *r-may ⪤ *m-ray ‘TAIL / PENIS’1a #5545 PTB *r-mey ‘TAIL’ ‘dog tail’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniàprefix-kì kí-nɯ#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘bitch’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniàprefix-kì rù#6094 PTB *ru-t ‘CRAZY’PTani *ru ‘CRAZY / MAD’PKC *ruut ⪤ *hruut ‘FOOLISH / MAD’PLB *ru² ‘CRAZY’-nɯsuffix ‘mad dog’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniki-nɯː#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘bitch’Sun J 93 Tani
Galo`kii◦nə#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ n.‘bitch’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`kii◦nə#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ n.‘dog (female)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`kii◦pin#591 PTB *pʷ(i/u)(l/n) ‘SKIN’PTani *pɯn ‘SKIN’PKC *wun ‘SKIN (n.) / LEATHER’PTk *hol ‘SKIN / BARK’PNN *s-wun ⪤ *wur ‘SKIN / FLESH’ n.‘dogskin’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoiprefix◦kɯ kɯ-nɤ#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘bitch’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Miri, Hill'ki-n'#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘bitch’Simon 76 Miri
Miri, Hill'ki-nɤ#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘bitch’Simon 76 Miri
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani7
1.1.2Deng15
Darang [Taraon]tɑ³¹prefixbɹeŋ⁵⁵#37 PDeng *bre-ŋ ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’kuɑɯ⁵³ n‘hound’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0290.22
1.2Kuki-Chin2
1.2.1.1Northern Chin10
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin10
1.2.2Central Chin9
1.2.3Maraic2
1.2.4“Old Kuki”7
Kom Remui hə#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.10.3
Sorbungràm#6093 PTB *ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’PKC *ram ‘LAND / COUNTRY / FOREST’PCN *raːm ‘JUNGLE, FOREST’PTk *ram ‘VILLAGE / LAND’PNN *C̬-ram ‘JUNGLE’◦ʔʉ́ʉ ‘dhole’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: Animals.044
Sorbungràm#6093 PTB *ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’PKC *ram ‘LAND / COUNTRY / FOREST’PCN *raːm ‘JUNGLE, FOREST’PTk *ram ‘VILLAGE / LAND’PNN *C̬-ram ‘JUNGLE’◦ʔʉ́ʉ ‘wolf’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: Animals.045
1.3“Naga” Areal Group2
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)20
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-ji-sàʔ#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ n.‘dog meat ('dog' + 'meat')’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagaran¹#6093 PTB *ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’PKC *ram ‘LAND / COUNTRY / FOREST’PCN *raːm ‘JUNGLE, FOREST’PTk *ram ‘VILLAGE / LAND’PNN *C̬-ram ‘JUNGLE’-fəʔ³ n.‘wolf (large)’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.123
Lotha Nagaran#6093 PTB *ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’PKC *ram ‘LAND / COUNTRY / FOREST’PCN *raːm ‘JUNGLE, FOREST’PTk *ram ‘VILLAGE / LAND’PNN *C̬-ram ‘JUNGLE’◦fü ‘wolf’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaran#6093 PTB *ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’PKC *ram ‘LAND / COUNTRY / FOREST’PCN *raːm ‘JUNGLE, FOREST’PTk *ram ‘VILLAGE / LAND’PNN *C̬-ram ‘JUNGLE’◦fü ‘wolf’Murry 78: 137
Sangtamrang#6093 PTB *ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’PKC *ram ‘LAND / COUNTRY / FOREST’PCN *raːm ‘JUNGLE, FOREST’PTk *ram ‘VILLAGE / LAND’PNN *C̬-ram ‘JUNGLE’◦pü ‘wolf’Marrison 67 Naga
1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group8
1.3.3Zeme Group5
1.3.4Tangkhulic11
Tangkhulram#6093 PTB *ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’PKC *ram ‘LAND / COUNTRY / FOREST’PCN *raːm ‘JUNGLE, FOREST’PTk *ram ‘VILLAGE / LAND’PNN *C̬-ram ‘JUNGLE’◦fa ‘jackal’Marrison 67 Naga
1.4Meithei5
Meitheihuy-ya#634 PTB *s-ŋya ‘TUSK / TOOTH’PCC *hŋaw ‘FANG / CANINE TOOTH’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10.3
1.5Mikir [Karbi]2
1.7.1.1Bodo4
1.7.1.2Garo1
1.7.1.3Koch5
1.7.1.4Deori2
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte11
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang16
1.7.3.1Jingpho13
Jingphokhə◦ləwi#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ⪤ khə◦lai#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea’The prefix-like first element in this form is a reduction of #1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n DOG.Benedict 72 STC: 440
Jingphokui³¹ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³#2501 PTB *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’PTani *ñiŋ ‘YEAR’PCN *niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PL *s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’) n‘year of the dog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0765.19
Jingphoʃan³¹#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ʃă³¹morphemetʃu̱t⁵⁵morphemekui³¹ n‘hound’Literally, “animal-chase-dog.”Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0290.19
1.7.3.2Asakian2
2.1.1Western Himalayish7
2.1.2Bodic11
2.1.2.1Tibetan51
Tibetan (Jirel)kip◦cyāngq#6051 PTB *s-pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’PTani *pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’ n‘fox’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.059
Tibetan (Jirel)kip◦cyāngq#6051 PTB *s-pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’PTani *pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’ n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.060
Tibetan (Lhasa)chip⁵⁵tɕaŋ⁵⁵#6051 PTB *s-pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’PTani *pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’ n‘jackal’This form has apparently been meta-analyzed from an earlier chi⁵⁵ ptɕaŋ⁵⁵.Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0323.02
Tibetan (Sherpa)ci◦peangq#6051 PTB *s-pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’PTani *pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’ n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.060
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)kē soh#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Bishop 89: 3.10.3
Tibetan (Written)ce◦spyaṅ#6051 PTB *s-pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’PTani *pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’ ‘jackal’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)kʻyi-mo#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ ‘dog (female)’Jäschke 1881
Tibetan (Written)s̀ɑ#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-kʻyí ‘dog (shaggy) / poodle’Jäschke 1881
2.1.3Lepcha2
2.1.4Tamangish8
Chantyalna#6026 PTB *na ‘DOG’◦ku-yemorpheme swa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Noonan 92: 3.10.3
2.2Newar4
2.3Kiranti2
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti7
2.3.2Southern Kiranti2
2.3.3Central Kiranti3
2.3.4Western Kiranti6
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang16
Chepangkuyʔ.ganmorpheme.thimorpheme n.‘plant (sp.), shrub with large green leaves, flower curled like a mating dog’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkuyʔ.səyk#631 PTB *s-wik ‘TUSK / FANG / CANINE TOOTH’ n.‘tooth (sp.), canine’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangparʔ#6043 PTB *m-par ⪤ *pra ‘WILD DOG / WOLF’.kuyʔ n.‘animal (sp.), Dhole or Wild Dog’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang (Eastern)kuyʔ◦səyk#631 PTB *s-wik ‘TUSK / FANG / CANINE TOOTH’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.10.3
3.1Tangut1
3.2Qiangic57
Lyuzuȵi³³#6026 PTB *na ‘DOG’◦tʂæ⁵³morpheme (/ sæ³³morpheme) tɕhu⁵³ n‘hound’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0290.18
Pumi (Jiulong)pɛ̃¹¹#6051 PTB *s-pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’PTani *pjaŋ ‘WILD DOG’khi⁵⁵ n‘wolf’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0324.10
Qiang (Longxi)khù ‘11th earthly branch (dog)’[Source note] calque (Evans 1999).Evans 99 Qiang: 1114
Qiang (Longxi)khú-piá#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ ~ khù-pià#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ ‘livestock [dog-pig]’Evans 99 Qiang: 315
Qiang (Mianchi)khuè-pià#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’-tiúmorpheme ‘put to pasture [dog-pig-m]’Evans 99 Qiang: 1882
Qiang (Mianchi)khuè-pià#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’-tiùmorpheme-múmorpheme ~ khuè-pià#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’-tiúmorpheme-mùmorpheme ‘animal herder [dog-pig-v-AGT]’Evans 99 Qiang: 235
Qiang (Mianchi)khuɛ̀ ‘11th earthly branch (dog)’[Source note] calque (Evans 1999).Evans 99 Qiang: 1114
Qiang (Mianchi)khuɛ̀-lə̀#1016 PTB *s/g-la ‘MOON / MONTH’PTani *po-lo ‘MOON’PKC *khlaa ‘MOON / MONTH’PNN *gla poy ‘MOON’TGTM *ᴮHla ‘MOON’TGTM *ᴮʰla ‘MONTH’PKir *la ‘MOON’PLB *s/ʔ-la³ ‘MOON / MONTH’PL *bə la³ ‘MOON’PKar *Ɂlaᴬ ‘MOON, MONTH’-dzè#36 PTB *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s ‘EAT / FOOD / FEED / RICE’PKC *θaʔ ‘FEED’PCN *tsaʔ ‘EAT’PCN *a-tsa-k ‘RICE (paddy)’PTk *tsa ‘EAT’PTk *tsaat ‘RICE (COOKED)’ ‘eclipse of moon [dog-moon-eat]’Evans 99 Qiang: 2549
Qiang (Mianchi)khuɛ̀-mɛ̀morpheme nə̀morpheme-dzɛ̀#36 PTB *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s ‘EAT / FOOD / FEED / RICE’PKC *θaʔ ‘FEED’PCN *tsaʔ ‘EAT’PCN *a-tsa-k ‘RICE (paddy)’PTk *tsa ‘EAT’PTk *tsaat ‘RICE (COOKED)’ ‘eclipse of sun [dog-sun-eat]’Evans 99 Qiang: 2275
Qiang (Mianchi)khuɛ̀-mɛ̀morpheme símorpheme-dzɛ̀#36 PTB *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s ‘EAT / FOOD / FEED / RICE’PKC *θaʔ ‘FEED’PCN *tsaʔ ‘EAT’PCN *a-tsa-k ‘RICE (paddy)’PTk *tsa ‘EAT’PTk *tsaat ‘RICE (COOKED)’ ‘eclipse of sun [dog-sun-eat]’Evans 99 Qiang: 2275
3.3rGyalrongic2
3.3.1rGyalrong16
4Nungic18
5Tujia1
6.1Lolo-Burmese2
6.1.1Burmish77
Achang (Lianghe)khuɑ³¹lɑi³¹#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)khui⁵⁵lɯ⁵⁵#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)fu³¹lai³¹#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.29
Bola (Luxi)khə̆³¹lu̱i³⁵#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.32
Burmese (Written)khwè-hlè#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea’Weidert 87 TBTo: 246
Burmese (Written)khwê-hlê#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 94
Burmese (Written)khwê-hlê#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 254
Burmese (Written)khwê-hlê#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea ( cf. khwê 'dog' )’Benedict 76 WBur
Langsu (Luxi)khə̆³¹la̱³⁵#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.31
Lashikhui⁵⁵ tsɿ³¹#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth’Dai 89 Lash: 3.10.3
Leqi (Luxi)khuk⁵⁵le̱i⁵⁵#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.33
Leqi (Luxi)wɔm³¹#2777 PTB *d-wam ‘BEAR (animal)’PTani *tum ‘BEAR (animal)’PKC *wom ‘BEAR (animal)’PTk *him ‘BEAR’PTk *ŋom ‘BEAR’PLB *d-wam¹/² ‘BEAR’PL *k-d-wam¹ ‘BEAR’PKar *thamᴬ ‘BEAR (animal)’khui⁵⁵ n‘wolf’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0324.33
Maru [Langsu]khə̆³¹la̱³⁵#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]khĕ⁵⁵la̱i²¹#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]khĕ⁵⁵la̱i²¹#2414 PTB *s-ləy ‘FLEA’PTani *fi ‘FLEA’PKC *ʔuy-hlii ‘FLEA’PCN *a-hləj(ʔ) ‘FLEA’PLB *ʔ-liy² ‘FLEA’PKar *kliᴬ ⪤ *kliɁᴰ ‘FLEA’; vaʔ²¹morphemekhĕ⁵⁵ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.42
Atsi [Zaiwa]vam⁵¹#2777 PTB *d-wam ‘BEAR (animal)’PTani *tum ‘BEAR (animal)’PKC *wom ‘BEAR (animal)’PTk *him ‘BEAR’PTk *ŋom ‘BEAR’PLB *d-wam¹/² ‘BEAR’PL *k-d-wam¹ ‘BEAR’PKar *thamᴬ ‘BEAR (animal)’khui²¹ n‘jackal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0323.30
6.1.2Loloish3
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish51
Gazhuotshɿ³¹ (kho⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’) n‘year of the dog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0765.47
Gazhuotshɿ³¹sɛ³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.47
Nesutsʰɿ³³ dʐer²¹#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Chen 86 Yi: 3.10.3
Nusu (Central)khui⁵⁵khɹu̱⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ n‘year of the dog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0765.34
Yi (Dafang)tɕhy³³ɕi³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’mo⁵⁵morpheme ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.22
Yi (Liangshan)khɯ²¹mo²¹#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ ‘bitch (dog); dog, female’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)khɯ³³ʂɯ³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mojiang)tɕhi³³ɕe²¹#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.26
Yi (Nanhua)khu²¹ɕi³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.24
Yi (Nanhua)khu²¹ɕi⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.37
Yi (Nanjian)khɯ²¹ɕi⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.23
Yi (Weishan)khɯ²¹ɕi⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.36
Yi (Wuding)tɕhe³³ɕe³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.38
Yi (Xide)khɯ³³ɬɯ²¹#1016 PTB *s/g-la ‘MOON / MONTH’PTani *po-lo ‘MOON’PKC *khlaa ‘MOON / MONTH’PNN *gla poy ‘MOON’TGTM *ᴮHla ‘MOON’TGTM *ᴮʰla ‘MONTH’PKir *la ‘MOON’PLB *s/ʔ-la³ ‘MOON / MONTH’PL *bə la³ ‘MOON’PKar *Ɂlaᴬ ‘MOON, MONTH’ ‘May (dog month)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 80.21
Yi (Xide)khɯ³³ʂɯ³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.35
6.1.2.2Central Loloish57
Ahitɕʻi²¹ tʂɑ²²#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Luo 90: 3.10.3
Jinuo (Youle)khɤ³³ɕe⁴⁴#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Gai 86
Jinuokhɯ³³ɕe³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.34
Jinuokhɯ³³ʃe⁴⁴#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.44
Lahu (Lancang)phɯ⁵³ɕe³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.43
Lahu (Black)phɨ̂-g̈û#6094 PTB *ru-t ‘CRAZY’PTani *ru ‘CRAZY / MAD’PKC *ruut ⪤ *hruut ‘FOOLISH / MAD’PLB *ru² ‘CRAZY’ n.‘mad dog’Matisoff 88 DL: 920
Lahu (Black)phɨ̂-qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-làʔ#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-nɔ#320 PTB *s-nyuŋ ⪤ *s-m-yuŋ ⪤ *s-m-yuw ‘FINGER’PKC *yuŋ ‘FINGER / TOE / ROOT’PCN *m-juŋ ‘DIGIT (FINGER / TOE)’PTk *juŋ ‘ROOT’ ‘finger (index)’Literally “dogshit finger”, so called because of its size and shape.Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)phɯ⁵³se³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.33
Lahu (Black)ɣɯ³¹#1013 PTB *rəy ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODILY FLUID’PLB *rəy¹ ‘WATER’PL *re¹ ‘WATER’phɯ⁵³ ‘otter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 133.33
Lahu (Yellow)phɯ³sɯ¹#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹hɤ³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’tɤ³⁵morpheme N‘louse’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of dog’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’su³³#5632 PTB *su ⪤ *s-lu ‘WHO / INDEF PRONOUN / REMOTE 3RD PERS.’ ‘person born in the year of the rat’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹na⁴⁴#6026 PTB *na ‘DOG’hɤ³³morpheme ‘mangy dog (curse for dog, also a dog disease)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹ni³³#85 PTB *s-nəy ‘SUN / DAY / DWELL’PTani *ñi ‘SUN’PKC *nii ‘DAY / SUN’PCN *nəj ‘SUN / DAY’PLB *ʔnəy¹/³ ‘SUN / DAY’PKar *nejᴬ ‘DAY’ ‘day of dog’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹næ³³#2483 PTB *s-nak ‘BLACK’PKC *nak ‘BLACK’PCN *a-njak ‘BLACK’PNN *C̥-ɲak ‘BLACK’PLB *s-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’PL *C-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’ ‘black dog’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹phu³³#1235 PTB *plu ‘WHITE / SILVER / MONEY’PLB *plu¹ ‘WHITE / SILVER / MONEY’ ‘white dog’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹vy⁴⁴#6094 PTB *ru-t ‘CRAZY’PTani *ru ‘CRAZY / MAD’PKC *ruut ⪤ *hruut ‘FOOLISH / MAD’PLB *ru² ‘CRAZY’ ‘mad dog’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)khɤ²¹ɲi⁴⁴#85 PTB *s-nəy ‘SUN / DAY / DWELL’PTani *ñi ‘SUN’PKC *nii ‘DAY / SUN’PCN *nəj ‘SUN / DAY’PLB *ʔnəy¹/³ ‘SUN / DAY’PKar *nejᴬ ‘DAY’ ‘day of dog’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisukhɯ³¹xɯ⁴⁴#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’tɯ³⁵morpheme ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.27
Yi (Sani)tshz̊¹¹ɕe³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’mo³³morpheme n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.39
Sani [Nyi]tʂʰʅ²¹ tʂʅ³³#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’ ‘tooth (canine) / incisor’Wu 84: 195.2
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish29
Hani (Dazhai)khɯ³¹se⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.31
Hani (Lüchun)khɯ³¹se⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ n‘flea’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0355.41
Hani (Caiyuan)khɤ³¹se⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.30
Hani (Gelanghe)khɯ³¹ɕɛ⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)khɯ³¹ʃɛ⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.32
6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish10
Azhaʨʰi³³ɕɛ²¹#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Pelkey 11 Phula: 149
Southern Mujiʨʰɪ⁵⁵ɕɛ³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Pelkey 11 Phula: 149
Pholaʨʰi³³ɕi⁵⁵#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Pelkey 11 Phula: 149
6.2Naxi26
Laze (Xiangjiao)kʰɯ˥kʰv˥#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of the dog’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1650
Laze (Xiangjiao)kʰɯ˧ʂɯ˥#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3713
Laze (Xiangjiao)ɖʐɯ˥morphemedze˥morpheme ɭɔ˩morpheme hĩ˩morpheme kʰɯ˧ ‘shepherd dog, collie’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3815
Na (Yongning)kʰv˧kʰv˩#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of the dog’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Lijiang)khɯ³³ʂu³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘flea’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 161.28
7Karenic41
Root-initial *k- in #1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n DOG reanalyzed as prefix, then replaced by t(h)- (cf. Karen tho̱⁵⁵ < #1006 PTB *pʷak PIG).
The second element in the Karenic compounds for FOX / WOLF seem to derive from #2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL.
*Karenthwiᴮ◦miᴬ#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
Karenthui³¹mi³³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ n‘wolf’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0324.50
Kayahthwi¹¹ mi¹¹#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
Kayanthwi¹¹ mi³³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
Kayawthi¹¹ mi³³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
Pa-Othwí mī#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, jackal’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-O (Southern)thwi³³ mi⁵³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
Pa-O (Northern)thwi⁵⁵ mi³³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
Pwo (Southern)thwi⁵⁵◦mei³¹¨#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
Sgaw (Northern)thwi¹¹ mi³³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘fox, wolf’Luangthongkum 13: 125
8Bai11
Bai (Jianchuan)khuɑ̃³³ ŋɛ̱²¹#634 PTB *s-ŋya ‘TUSK / TOOTH’PCC *hŋaw ‘FANG / CANINE TOOTH’ ‘tooth (canine)’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Jianchuan)kʰuã³³ tsɿ³³#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’ pa̱⁴⁴suffix ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Zhao 90: 3.10.3
9.0.1Old Chinese7
9.0.3Modern Chinese2
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #1764,
*d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1764Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#159, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1764,
title = {{*d-kʷəy-n 'DOG'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1764},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1764}
}