STEDT
STEDT #6053

*s-k-ywal

WILD DOG / JACKAL / DHOLE / WOLF

Intermediate reconstructions

Northern Naga/Konyakian*C-khyual ‘WOLF’WTF-PNN p.580
Lolo-Burmese*wan¹ ‘JACKAL / WOLF / DHOLE / WILD DOG’

Connections

HPTB*kywal ‘jackal / wolf / dhole / wild dog’pp. 261, 407, 423, 449

Notes

This PTB root was borrowed into Indo-Aryan at an early date; cf. Sanskrit śr̥gāla-. Later on, such an Indic form was borrowed into many TB languages, especially in Nepal. This is an excellent example of a “backloan”: TB > IA > TB. See “Toward a Eurasian Bestiary”, part II: JACKAL in Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European (Matisoff 2010).

Reflexes & cognates58 reflexes · 18 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmankywal ‘dhole / wolf / wild dog’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 017
*Tibeto-Burmankywal ‘jackal / wolf / dhole / wild dog’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 598

1.2.2Central Chin1

1.7.1.2Garo1

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian2

*Northern NagaC̥-kʰyual ‘wolf’French 83: 580

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang15

Changsho ‘wolf’Marrison 67 Naga
Changšo ‘wolf’French 83: 580
Changšuo ‘wild dog’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 017
Changšuo ‘wild dog’French 83: 580
Konyakšo ‘wolf’French 83: 580
Phomsho ‘wolf’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomšo ‘wolf’French 83: 580
Phomʃɔ⁵⁵ ‘wolf’Burling 98 Phom
Wanchošan ‘wolf’French 83: 580
Wanchoshan ‘wolf’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho5

Jingphočəkhyōn ‘fox, wolf, wild dog’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 017
Jingphotʃă³khjon³³ ‘wolf’Liu 84
Jingphotʃa̱³³khjon³³ n‘jackal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0323.19
Jingphotʃa̱³³khjon³³ n‘wolf’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0324.19
Jingphotʃă³³khjon³³ ‘wolf’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 130.47

2.1.2Bodic1

Kaikesyelā n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.060

2.1.4Tamangish3

Gurungselā:q n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.060
Thakali'syala n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.060

2.2Newar1

Newarsyāl ‘jackal’Genetti 90 NeQ2

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Sunwarsiwā:r n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.060

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3

Chepangsyal n.‘jackal (<N)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Kham'syāl n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: Hale 73 CSD
Magarrā̩morpheme silā n‘jackal’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.060

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmesewan¹ ‘jackal / wolf / dhole / wild dog’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 598
*Lolo-Burmesewan¹ ‘jackal / wolf / dhole / wild dog’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 618

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishk-wan¹ ‘dhole’Bradley 79 PLo: 19

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish7

Nusu (Northern)de³⁵morphemevɛ³¹ ‘wolf’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)vi²¹ ‘dhole, jackal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 130.22
Yi (Weishan)vi⁵⁵pa²¹morpheme n‘wolf’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0324.36
Yi (Xide)vi³³n̥i³³morpheme n‘jackal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0323.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish13

Jinuoø⁴ ‘dhole / wolf / wild dog’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 017
Jinuo (Youle)ø⁴² ‘wolf’Gai 86
Lahu (Black) ‘dhole (Cuon javanicus)’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 017
Lisuve³³tho³⁵morpheme ‘wolf’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 130.27
Lisu (Northern)ve⁴⁴ N‘wolf’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ve⁴⁴thɔ³⁵morpheme ‘jackal and wolf’Bradley 94 Lisu
Yi (Sani)vɪ³³ʂʐ̩⁴⁴morphemezɒ¹¹morpheme n‘jackal’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0323.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish2

Akhak'a³¹prefixyeh⁵⁵ ‘dhole / wolf / wild dog’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 017
Akhaxhàprefix-jɛ́ ‘wolf’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 017

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #6053, *s-k-ywal ‘WILD DOG / JACKAL / DHOLE / WOLF’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6053
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. JAM Bestiary paper (p.584), HPTB pp.261, 407, 423, 449
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-6053,
  title  = {{*s-k-ywal 'WILD DOG / JACKAL / DHOLE / WOLF'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #6053},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6053}
}