Reconstruction analysis
initialrrhymeam
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
HPTB*ram ‘forest / jungle / field / country’p. 299
Notes
This root is attested in the NE Indian areal group, with a very likely Chinese cognate.
Chinese comparandum
林 OC *gli̯əm, GSR #655a-d ‘forest’; Schuessler 2007:358-9 *rəm; B & S 2011: *k.rəm {k.r[ə]m}; Mand. lín.
森 OC *ṣi̯əm, GSR #664a ‘dense trees, thicket, grove’; Schuessler 2007:358-9 *srəm; B & S 2011: (*s.r̥əm); Mand. sēn.
Reflexes & cognates84 reflexes · 21 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1
1.2Kuki-Chin1
1.2.1.1Northern Chin5
1.2.2Central Chin9
1.2.3Maraic2
1.2.4“Old Kuki”4
Sorbungràm◦ʔʉ́ʉ#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ ‘dhole’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: Animals.044
1.3“Naga” Areal Group1
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)24
Lotha Nagaran¹-fəʔ³#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ n.‘wolf (large)’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.123
Lotha Nagaran◦fü#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ ‘wolf’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaran◦fü#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ ‘wolf’Murry 78: 137
Sangtamrang◦pü#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ ‘wolf’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrürim◦shih#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ ‘animal’Kumar 73 Yim: 50
Yimchungrürim◦shi#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦yimorpheme ‘animal’Marrison 67 Naga
1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group3
1.3.3Zeme Group8
1.3.4Tangkhulic13
Tangkhulram◦fa#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ ‘jackal’Marrison 67 Naga
1.4Meithei1
1.5Mikir [Karbi]1
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4
2.1.4Tamangish3
9Sinitic2
9.0.1Old Chinese4
9.0.2Middle Chinese1
9.0.3Modern Chinese1
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #6093,
*ram ‘JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6093Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB p.299
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-6093,
title = {{*ram 'JUNGLE / FOREST / COUNTRY / FIELD'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #6093},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6093}
}