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STEDT #1634

*p/ba

MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · provisional

Reconstruction analysis

handlep/bainitialp/brhymeacoverP · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin(a) *paa ‘FATHER’PKC #145
Kuki-Chin(b) *paa ‘MALE’PKC #154
Central Naga (Ao Group)*pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PCN #001
Tangkhulic*ba ‘FATHER / MALE’DRM#595
Karenic*phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’TL#182

Connections

HPTB*pu ‘male / father / grandfather’p. 24
Allofam#1639
Poss. allofam*la ‘MALE’

Notes

This root is an obvious conformity with a linguistic universal.

Chinese comparandum

父 OC *bi̯wo; GSR #102a-e ‘father’; B & S 2011: *N-paʔ {[N-p](r)aʔ}; Mand. fù.

Reflexes & cognates130 reflexes · 28 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burman(p)wa ‘man, person, husband’Benedict 72 STC: 24n78
*Tibeto-Burman(p)wɑ ‘man / person / husband’Chou 72: 101a-b

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chinpaa ‘FATHER’VanBik 09 PKC: 145

1.2.1.1Northern Chin7

Sizanga pā ‘male’VanBik 09 PKC: 154
Sizangpā ‘father’VanBik 09 PKC: 145
Thadopâa ‘father’VanBik 09 PKC: 145
Tiddimnu³ pa³ kop³ ‘couple’VanBik 09 PKC: 154
Tiddimpa¹ ‘father’VanBik 09 PKC: 145

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin4

Ashoapó ‘father’VanBik 09 PKC: 145
Ashopa ~ pǒ ‘male’VanBik 09 PKC: 154
Khumiampoo ‘father, one's own’VanBik 09 PKC: 145

1.2.3Maraic2

Lakher [Mara]chā-pāw ‘male, masculine affix’VanBik 09 PKC: 154

1.3“Naga” Areal Group1

Maringaprefix◦pa ‘father’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)16

*Aopa ‘HE, SHE (3SG)’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.001
*Aoʃəmorpheme-paʔ ‘WHO?’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.004
Ao (Chungli)pa² pro.‘3sg (he/she)’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.001
Ao (Chungli)si³morphemepaʔ³ pro.‘who?’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.004
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)tüprefix◦ba ‘father’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-pá-záʔsuffix n.‘husband ('father' + DIM?)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-pá-zəmmorpheme-paʔsuffix n.‘father's older brother ('father' + 'be senior' + M)’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Naga(o)m³morpheme-poʔ³ pro.‘he, she (3sg)’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.001
Lotha Nagae¹prefix-po¹-eʔ³suffix n.‘male, man / husband’Bruhn 14 PCN: p.184
Lotha Nagan̯pò ‘she’Acharya 75

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group7

Ntenyiuprefix◦pa ‘husband’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group3

1.3.4Tangkhulic8

*Tangkhulicba ‘father / male’Mortensen 12 Tk: 595
Champhungimorpheme-bo ‘father’Brown 37 Indo
Kachaihimorpheme-vu ‘uncle (mother's brother)’Mortensen 12 Tk
Tankghul (Central)omorpheme-pa ‘father’Brown 37 Indo
Tangkhul (Northern)amorpheme-pa ‘father’Brown 37 Indo
Tangkhul (Standard)amorpheme-va ‘father’Brown 37 Indo
Tusomʔəmorpheme-pi ‘father’Mortensen 12 Tk: People.008
Ukhrulamorpheme-va ‘father’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4

Phomba hamorpheme ‘man (male), husband’French 83: 531
Phomba³³hæ⁵⁵morpheme ‘man (male person)’Burling 98 Phom
Phomba³³hæ⁵⁵morphemenaɯ⁵⁵suffix ‘boy’Burling 98 Phom
Phomba◦hamorpheme ‘man (male)’Marrison 67 Naga

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

Limbujopmorpheme◦pa ‘boar (uncastrated male pig)’Michailovsky 89 Lm

3.2Qiangic14

Ersumphɑ³³ ‘male’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Lyuzula³³morphemenphæ⁵³ n‘deer (river) (male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0315.18
Qiang (Longxi)ámorpheme pà ‘father’Evans 99 Qiang: 275
Qiang (Longxi)bièmorpheme phà ‘man (male person)’Evans 99 Qiang: 215
Qiang (Longxi)bièmorpheme phà ‘young man’Evans 99 Qiang: 217
Qiang (Mawo)aprefix pa ‘grandfather’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 317.8
Qiang (Mawo)ɑprefix pɑ n‘grandfather’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0216.08
Qiang (Mianchi)àprefix pà ‘grandfather (direct)’Evans 99 Qiang: 273.1
Qiang (Mianchi)àprefix pà-sémorpheme ‘god [grandfather-god]’Evans 99 Qiang: 961
Qiang (Mianchi)ʁuèmorpheme pà ‘grandfather’Evans 99 Qiang: 273
Xumia³³prefixbɛ⁵³ n‘grandfather’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0216.17
Xumiphɐ⁵⁵ ‘male’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumiɑ³³prefixbɐ⁵⁵ ‘grandfather’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 317.20

3.3rGyalrongic1

Daofuaprefix pe n‘grandfather’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0216.12

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishʔ-pa² ‘male suffix’Bradley 79 PLo: 173

6.1.2.2Central Loloish20

*Common Lahupaˍ ‘male suffix’Bradley 79 PLo: 173
Lahu (Black)pā ‘male, masculine noun suffix’Matisoff 88 DL: 811
Lahu (Black)phâ n.‘man, male person; fellow; guy’Matisoff 88 DL: p.882
Lahu (Black)šɛ̄morpheme-phâ ‘masculine agentive nominalizer’Matisoff 88 DL: p.1216
Lisuhpa⁵ ‘male suffix’Bradley 79 PLo: 173
Sani [Nyi]pɑ⁵⁵ ‘male (of animals)’Ma 89 SanQ: 303.5

7Karenic15

*Karenphàh ‘male (animal)’Jones 61: 159
*Karenphaᴬ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
*Karen [Burling]pha⁴ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Bwe-phɛ́ n‘male (animal)’Henderson 97 Kar
Bweəmorpheme-phɛ́ ‘male of animals’Henderson 97 Kar
Karentshɔ̱⁵⁵morphemepha⁵⁵ n‘cock’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0294.50
Kayahphe³³ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Kayanpha⁵³ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Kayawpha⁵⁵ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Pa-O (Northern)pha³¹¨ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Pa-O (Southern)pha³¹¨ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Pwo (Northern)pha³⁵ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Pwo (Southern)pha⁵³ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Sgaw (Northern)pha³³ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182
Sgaw (Southern)pha⁵⁵ ‘male (of animals), father’Luangthongkum 13: 182

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1634, *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1634
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1634,
  title  = {{*p/ba 'MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1634},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1634}
}