STEDT
STEDT #2462

*m(y/r)uk

MONKEY

Reconstruction analysis

handlemrukinitialmrrhymeukcoverM · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*myukᴸ ‘MONKEY’JAM-TSR: 133
Karenic*joɁᴰ ‘MONKEY’TL#192

Connections

HPTB*mruk ‘monkey’pp. 80, 145

Reflexes & cognates162 reflexes · 18 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmanm-ruk ‘monkey’This is a root where some of the reflexes point to a unitary cluster of *m + y, while others have evidently treated the *m- as a prefix, yielding forms with initial y-.Matisoff 03 HPTB: 611
*Tibeto-Burmanmruk ‘monkey’Although STC sets up this root with *-r-, the evidence favors the reconstruction of *-y-. The only evidence for *-r- offered in STC is Bahing moro and the Intha dialect of Burmese (mrok ~ mlok) (see also Sunwar and Jirel moro). These Himalayish forms bear some resemblance to Nepali mākul, though they show no trace of a velar.Matisoff 03 HPTB: 602

1.1.2Deng1

Digaroprefixmyu ‘monkey’Benedict 72 STC: 112n314

2.1.1Western Himalayish2

Barampəimorphemehuk ‘monkey’Kansakar 10 Baram: 97
Barammorphemeyuk ‘monkey’Benedict 72 STC: 112n314

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

2.1.4Tamangish5

Gurungtiprefixmyu ‘monkey’Benedict 72 STC: 112n314
Manang (Gyaru)ʈi²prefix myɯw² ‘monkey’Nagano 84 Man: 304-14
Manang (Prakaa)³tyuprefix ‘monkey’Hoshi 84: 0540
Tamang (Sahu)tiprefixmnyu n‘monkey’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.053
Tamang (Sahu)tiprefixmnyu ‘monkey’Taylor 72 TmVo: 3.53

2.3.4Western Kiranti2

Sunwarmoro n‘monkey’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.053

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5

Chepangyuk n.‘monkey, Macaque’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangyuk, glaymorpheme n‘monkey’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.053
Khamyu:h n‘monkey’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.053

3.2Qiangic6

Ersumi³³ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.18
Guiqiongȵo³⁵ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.17
Namuyimi³¹ (lu̵³¹Tibetan loanwordsu̵⁵³) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.46

6.1Lolo-Burmese3

*Lolo-Burmesesprefix-myukᴴ ‘monkey’This allofam, poorly attested, was reconstructed in HPTB:39 on the basis of Bisu mjò, since plain nasals generally developed into Bisu stops.Matisoff 03 HPTB: 603

6.1.1Burmish28

Achang (Longchuan)ȵuʔ⁵⁵ (n̥ək⁵⁵) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.28
Achang (Xiandao)ɲuʔ⁵⁵ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.29
Bola (Luxi)mjauʔ⁵⁵ (tɛ̃⁵⁵vɛʔ⁵⁵) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.32
Burmese (Rangoon)mjɑuʔ⁴ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.27
Burmese (Written)mjɔk⁴ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.26
Burmese (Written)myok ‘monkey (generic)’Marrison 67 Naga
Inthamrok / mlok ‘monkey’Benedict 72 STC: 112n314
Langsu (Luxi)mjauk³¹ (tsəŋ³¹) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.31
Leqi (Luxi)mjuk³¹ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.33
Marmamyɔʔ ‘monkey’Huziwara 08 Sak: 304-14
Atsi [Zaiwa]mjuʔ²¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.42
Atsi [Zaiwa]mjuʔ²¹ (tsan⁵¹) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.30

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishmyokᴸ ‘monkey’Bradley 79 PLo: 23
*Loloishmyokᴸ ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
PNLmyokᴸ ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish32

Several Northern Loloish and Burmish languages have developed dental nasals from the original *my-.

Gazhuoa³⁵prefixȵo⁵³ n‘monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0308.47
Laloáprefix-mòq ‘monkey’Björverud 94
Lalomo̱² ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.
Liphomu̱² ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.
Luquanɲu 55c ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133
Nasu 34 ~ nu 44 ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133
Nasuɳo̱⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.
Neisuɳe¹³ ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.
Nesunu̱² ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.
Nosuȵu̱⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.
Nusu (Northern)miu̱³¹ ‘monkey’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)miu̱⁵³ ‘monkey’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)ʔmiu⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.45
Yi (Liangshan)a³³prefixȵu⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵu⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵu⁵⁵zɯ³³morpheme ‘monkey’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)ᴀ³³prefixnu̱⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.25
Yi (Mojiang)ᴀ⁵⁵prefixnu̱²¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.26
Yi (Nanhua)li³³morphemekᴀ³³morphemebo²¹morpheme; ᴀ⁵⁵prefixmio̱²¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.24
Yi (Nanjian)a⁵⁵prefixmo²¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.23
Yi (Weishan)mo²¹ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵prefixmo²¹ n‘monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0308.36
Yi (Wuding)ɑ³³prefixɳu̱⁵⁵ n‘monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0308.38
Yi (Wuding)ɳu̱⁵⁵ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.38
Yi (Xide)a³³prefixȵu⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.21
Yi (Xide)ȵu⁵⁵ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.35
Yi (Xide)ɑ³³prefixȵu⁵⁵ n‘monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0308.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish40

Ahinu 55 ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133
Ahinu̱² ‘monkey’Chen 86 CS: 161.
Kuconga55prefix mɔ31 ‘monkey’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)mɔ²¹ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.43
Lahu (Black)mɔ̀ʔ-yɨ̀ʔ#2805 PTB *g-zik ‘LEOPARD’ ‘cloudy leopard [Felis nebulosa]’Matisoff 88 DL: 1035
Lahu (Yellow)mɔ⁵ ‘zodiac year (Monkey)’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)mɔ⁵ ‘monkey’Chang 86
Lisuchya2morpheme-mye6 ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133
Lisu (Central)chya²morpheme-mye⁶ ‘monkey’Fraser 22
Lisudžiamorpheme-mi 45-11 ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133
Lisumi̱³¹ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.40
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹bø⁴⁴morpheme ‘monkey cage (for catching monkeys)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹dɔ⁴⁴morpheme ‘monkey gong (legendery)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹phy³³ ‘male monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹si²¹morpheme ‘rhesus monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)miʔ²¹thɔ²¹morphemetɕhø³⁵morpheme ‘leaf monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹thɔ²¹morphemetɕhɤ³⁵morpheme ‘leaf monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹ti⁵⁵morpheme ‘single monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ N‘monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ a⁵⁵morphemeda²¹morpheme ʃɿ²¹morpheme ‘Dance of Monkey Playing the Finger Game (name of Lisu dance)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ khɤ²¹morphemeɕa³³morpheme khɔ³morpheme ‘Dance of Monkey Breaking off Corn (name of Lisu dance)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ tɔ⁵⁵morphemesi²¹morpheme ‘monkey knot (Adam's apple)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutʃɛ³⁵morphememi⁴¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.27
Yi (Sani)nu⁵⁵ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.39
Yi (Sani)ɒ⁴⁴prefixnu⁵⁵ n‘monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0308.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish22

Akha (Yunnan)áprefix mjòq ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
Akha (Thai)áprefixmjòq ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
Akhamjòq ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
Akhamyo LS ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133
Bisumjò ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133
Hani (Lüchun)áprefix mỳq ? ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
Hani (Dazhai)a⁵⁵prefixmju̱³¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.31
Hani (Lüchun)a⁵⁵prefixmju̱³¹ n‘monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0308.41
Hani (Lüchun)mju̱³¹ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.41
Hani (Pijo)áprefix mỳq ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
Hani (Caiyuan)a⁵⁵prefixmv̱³¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.30
Hani (Gelanghe)a⁵⁵prefixmjo̱³¹ ‘monkey’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Wordlist)alprefixmiuvq ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
Hani (Shuikui)a⁵⁵prefixmv̱̩³¹ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.32
Hani (Khatu)áprefix mjòq ‘monkey’Hansson 89 AHKP: 510
Hani (Mojiang)a⁵⁵prefixmv̱³¹ n‘monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0308.42
Hani (Mojiang)mv̱³¹ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.42
Wonimu 33 ‘monkey’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 133

6.2Naxi1

Naxi (Yongning)ʑi³¹morphememu⁵⁵ ‘monkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 128.29

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2462, *m(y/r)uk ‘MONKEY’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2462
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: Matisoff 03 HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2462,
  title  = {{*m(y/r)uk 'MONKEY'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2462},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2462}
}