STEDT #2462
*m(y/r)uk
MONKEY
Reconstruction analysis
handlemrukinitialmrrhymeukcoverM · T
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
HPTB*mruk ‘monkey’pp. 80, 145
Reflexes & cognates162 reflexes · 18 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3
*Tibeto-Burmanm-ruk ‘monkey’This is a root where some of the reflexes point to a unitary cluster of *m + y, while others have evidently treated the *m- as a prefix, yielding forms with initial y-.Matisoff 03 HPTB: 611
*Tibeto-Burmanmruk ‘monkey’Although STC sets up this root with *-r-, the evidence favors the reconstruction of *-y-. The only evidence for *-r- offered in STC is Bahing moro and the Intha dialect of Burmese (mrok ~ mlok) (see also Sunwar and Jirel moro). These Himalayish forms bear some resemblance to Nepali mākul, though they show no trace of a velar.Matisoff 03 HPTB: 602
1.1.2Deng1
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2
Lotha Nagayak◦so#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ ‘monkey (generic)’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagayak◦so#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ ‘monkey’Murry 78: 75
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte2
2.1.1Western Himalayish2
2.1.2.1Tibetan2
2.1.4Tamangish5
2.3.4Western Kiranti2
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5
3.2Qiangic6
6.1Lolo-Burmese3
*Lolo-Burmesesprefix-myukᴴ ‘monkey’This allofam, poorly attested, was reconstructed in HPTB:39 on the basis of Bisu mjò, since plain nasals generally developed into Bisu stops.Matisoff 03 HPTB: 603
6.1.1Burmish28
6.1.2Loloish3
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish32
Several Northern Loloish and Burmish languages have developed dental nasals from the original *my-.
Gazhuoa³⁵prefixȵo⁵³ (kho⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.47
Nusu (Central)miu̱⁵³khɹu̱⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.34
6.1.2.2Central Loloish40
Lahu (Black)mɔ̀ʔ-yɨ̀ʔ#2805 PTB *g-zik ‘LEOPARD’ ‘cloudy leopard [Felis nebulosa]’Matisoff 88 DL: 1035
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’su³³morpheme ‘born in the year of monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹ma³³#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’ ‘female monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹ma³³#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’my⁵⁵morpheme ‘old female monkey; old ape’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹ma³³#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’mɔ²¹morpheme ‘ape’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)miʔ²¹ni⁴⁴#85 PTB *s-nəy ‘SUN / DAY / DWELL’PTani *ñi ‘SUN’PKC *nii ‘DAY / SUN’PCN *nəj ‘SUN / DAY’PLB *ʔnəy¹/³ ‘SUN / DAY’PKar *nejᴬ ‘DAY’ ‘day of monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)miʔ²¹ɲi⁴⁴#85 PTB *s-nəy ‘SUN / DAY / DWELL’PTani *ñi ‘SUN’PKC *nii ‘DAY / SUN’PCN *nəj ‘SUN / DAY’PLB *ʔnəy¹/³ ‘SUN / DAY’PKar *nejᴬ ‘DAY’ ‘day of monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ a⁵⁵morphemeda²¹morpheme ʃɿ²¹morpheme ‘Dance of Monkey Playing the Finger Game (name of Lisu dance)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ khɤ²¹morphemeɕa³³morpheme khɔ³morpheme ‘Dance of Monkey Breaking off Corn (name of Lisu dance)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ tɔ⁵⁵morphemesi²¹morpheme ‘monkey knot (Adam's apple)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tɕæ³⁵morphememiʔ²¹ma³³#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’ ‘female monkey’Bradley 94 Lisu
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish22
6.2Naxi1
7Karenic12
Kayan (Pekon)zó̤◦bó#165 PTB *b/s-wa ‘WHITE / YELLOW / BRIGHT’MesorootsPKar *ʔ(b)wa ‘WHITE’PKar *Ɂbwaᴬ ‘WHITE’Allofams2 #6713 PTB *(p/b/h)(w/y)a(ː)(r/l/n/t) ‘FIRE / BURN / SHINE / BRIGHT / LIGHT / WHITE’2a #2152 PTB *bʷar ⪤ *pʷar ‘BURN / FIRE / KINDLE / ROAST’2b #5683 PTB *hwa(ː)r ⪤ *yar ‘WHITE / YELLOW / BRIGHT / SHINE’2c #4513 PTB *hur ⪤ *hwar ⪤ *⪤ *hir ⪤ *hyar ‘SWEAT’2d #694 PTB *hul ⪤ *hwa(ː)l ‘HEAT UP / BURN’2e #5395 PTB *hwa(l/r) ‘FIRE / SHINE’2f #3609 PTB *hwam ‘BURN / SHINE’2g #5518 PTB *hwaŋ ‘SHINE / BRIGHT / YELLOW’2h #2271 PTB *hwa(n/t) ‘SHINE / LIGHT’2i #165 PTB *b/s-wa ‘WHITE / YELLOW / BRIGHT’ N‘gibbon [lit. monkey-white]’Manson 10 Kayan
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #2462,
*m(y/r)uk ‘MONKEY’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2462Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: Matisoff 03 HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2462,
title = {{*m(y/r)uk 'MONKEY'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2462},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2462}
}