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STEDT #1619

*ma

FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlemainitialmrhymeacoverM · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Loloish*C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’
Karenic*məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’TL#194

Connections

HPTB*ma-n ‘mother / feminine suffix’pp. 175, 448
Allofam*k/m-na ‘MOTHER / FEMALE’

Chinese comparandum

GSR #40 (not)

Reflexes & cognates172 reflexes · 21 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burman-ma ‘fem. gender suffix’Benedict 72 STC: p.96
*Tibeto-Burman-mɑ ‘fem. suffix’Chou 72: 40
*Tibeto-Burmanma-n ‘mother / feminine suffix’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 601

1.7.1.1Bodo2

Kokborokma ‘female suffix’Tripuri 88

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchaʔáprefix◦mú n.‘mother’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

Dumima◦dhɨmmorpheme ‘female of an animal species.’Driem 93 Dumi

3.2Qiangic49

Ersua⁵⁵prefixma⁵⁵ ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.18
Ersui³³morphemezɑ⁵⁵morphemelɛ⁵⁵morphemema⁵⁵ ‘daughter-in-law’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 341.18
Ersulɑ³³morphemephɛ⁵⁵morpheme; lɑ³³morphemema⁵⁵ ‘roebuck(male);roebuck(female)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 131.18
Ersuma⁵⁵ ‘female’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Guiqionga⁵⁵prefixma³³ n‘mother’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.16
Guiqiongɑ⁵⁵prefixmɑ³³ ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.17
Lyuzua³³prefixma⁵³ n‘mother (reference)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.18
Lyuzuhĩ³³morphememæ⁵³ n‘yak (female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0257.18
Lyuzula³³morphememæ⁵³ n‘deer (river) (female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0315.18
Lyuzule³³morphememæ⁵³ n‘daughter-in-law’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0221.18
Lyuzuma⁵³ n‘mother (address)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.18
Lyuzundzuo³³morphememæ⁵³ n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.18
Lyuzuæ³³prefixmæ⁵³ kɯ³³morphemekɯ³¹morpheme n‘aunt <mother's sister>’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0241.18
Muyarə³³morphememɑ⁵³ n‘yak (female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0257.15
Muyazi⁵³morphemezə³³morphememɑ⁵³ n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.15
Muyaæ³³prefixmɐ⁵⁵ n‘mother’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.15
Muya [Minyak]tɑ⁵⁵morphememɐ⁵⁵ ‘thumb’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 7.1.5
Muya [Minyak]ɛ⁵⁵prefixmɐ⁵³ ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.15
Pumi (Jiulong)ɑ¹¹prefixmɑ⁵⁵ n‘mother’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.10
Pumi (Taoba)ma⁵⁵ma⁵⁵ ‘mother-in-law’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 332.10
Qiang (Longxi)ámorpheme mà ‘mother’Evans 99 Qiang: 276
Qiang (Mawo)aprefix ma ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.8
Qiang (Mawo)aprefix ma ‘mother-in-law’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 332.8
Qiang (Mianchi)ámorpheme mà ‘mother (direct)’Evans 99 Qiang: 276.1
Qiang (Taoping)ma³³; mɑ⁵⁵mɑ⁵⁵ ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.9
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]a⁵⁵prefixma³³ ‘mother-in-law’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 332.16
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]a⁵⁵prefixma⁵³ ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.16
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lo³³morphemetɕhõ⁵⁵morphemema³³ ‘young woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 294.16
Xumia⁵⁵prefixma⁵⁵ n‘mother (reference)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.17
Xumimɑ⁵⁵mɑ⁵⁵ ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.20
Zhaba (Daofu County)a⁵⁵prefixme⁵⁵ n‘mother’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.14

3.3.1rGyalrong12

rGyalrongtəprefix mo ‘mother’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 320.12
rGyalrongtəprefix mo ‘mother-in-law’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 332.12
rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix mo tᴇmorpheme n‘aunt <mother's older sister>’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0241.11
Caodengtə́prefix-mo ‘mother’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Maerkang)ŋəmorpheme mo n‘mother-in-law’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0246.11
rGBenzhentəprefix-mo ‘mother’Sun J 97 rGB
Shiliaprefix-mo ‘mother’Sun J 97 Shi

5Tujia1

Tujiama²¹ ma²¹ te⁵⁵morpheme ‘female’Chen 86 TuBQ: 10.4

6.1.1Burmish5

Burmese (Written)əprefix-maʼ ‘female; brood, swarm’Benedict 76 WBur

6.1.2Loloish2

*LoloishC-ma³ ‘female suffix’Bradley 79 PLo: 174
Lolophoɒ⁵⁵morpheme bɒ³¹morpheme mo³³ ‘thumb’Dai 89 Lolo: 7.1.5

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish13

Gazhuoma³³ ‘female’Dai 89 Gazh: 10.4

6.1.2.2Central Loloish51

*Common Lahuma: ‘female suffix’Bradley 79 PLo: 174
Lahu (Lancang)ɔ³¹morphemeɑ³⁵morphemeɕu¹¹morphememɑ³³ n‘aunt <wife of father's younger brother>’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0233.43
Lahu (Black)ᴀ³³morphemephᴀ⁵³morphememᴀ³³ ‘aunt (wife of maternal uncle)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 328.33
Lahu (Black)ᴀ³³morphemesu³¹morphememᴀ³³ ‘aunt (wife of younger paternal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 324.33
Lisua̱³³prefixmɑ̱³³ n‘mother’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0219.40
Lisu (Northern)hĩ³³morphemesi³³morphemema³³ ‘wife; hostess; landlady’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuli⁵⁵morphememɑ̱³³ n‘granddaughter’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0225.40
Lisuma³ ‘female suffix’Bradley 79 PLo: 174
Lisumɑ̱³³lɑ³¹ n‘sister-in-law <elder brother's’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0237.40
Lisumɑ̱³³ʑo³³ n‘aunt <wife of father's younger brother>’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0232.40
Lisumɑ̱³³ʑo³³ n‘aunt <mother's sister>’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0241.40
Lisumɑ̱³³ʑo³³ n‘stepmother’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0249.40
Lisumɯ̱³¹morphemetʃhi̱³¹morphememɑ̱³³ n‘widow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0251.40
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemema³³ ‘wife’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutʃhi̱³¹morphememɑ̱³³ n‘daughter-in-law’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0221.40
Lisuȵi̱³³morphememɑ³³ n‘younger sister’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0229.40
Lisuɑ⁵⁵prefixtsi̱³³morphemeȵi̱³³morphememɑ³³ n‘sisters’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0236.40
Lisu (Northern)ɔ⁵⁵morphemeɔʔ²¹morphemema³³ N‘father's elder brother's wife; mother's sister’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹#2538 PTB *ŋwa ‘CATTLE’ma⁵⁵ji³³morpheme ‘young cow (which has not yet given birth)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1619, *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1619
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#487, incl 1330
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1619,
  title  = {{*ma 'FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1619},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1619}
}