Reconstruction analysis
handlezainitialzrhymeacoverS · V
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
Allofams
HPTB*tsa-n ⪤ *za-n ‘child / son / relatives’pp. 27, 31, 33, 34, 154, 162, 165, 169, 171, 172, 176, 188, 448, 450
Notes
There is variation between the fricative and affricate initials even within the same subgroup (e.g., Qiangic, Burmish). See #2727 PTB *tsa-n CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE.
This morpheme frequently occurs as the last element in compounds, with diminutive force.
Reflexes & cognates191 reflexes · 28 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5
*Tibeto-Burmantsa#2727 PTB *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’MesorootsPCN *tsaʔ ‘SON’PTk *tsa ‘CHILD / DIMINUTIVE’Allofams1 #428 PTB *tsa-n ⪤ *za-n ‘CHILD / SON / RELATIVES’1a #1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’1b #2727 PTB *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’ ⪤ *za ‘child, son’LaPolla 87: 120
*Tibeto-Burmantsa-n#2727 PTB *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’MesorootsPCN *tsaʔ ‘SON’PTk *tsa ‘CHILD / DIMINUTIVE’Allofams1 #428 PTB *tsa-n ⪤ *za-n ‘CHILD / SON / RELATIVES’1a #1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’1b #2727 PTB *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’ ⪤ za-n ‘child / son / relatives’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 616
1.1.1.1Western Tani1
1.1.2Deng7
Kaman [Miju]min⁵⁵#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ sɑ⁵⁵ ‘pupil’Sun H 80 MLD
1.2.1.1Northern Chin3
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin4
1.2.2Central Chin5
1.2.3Maraic1
1.2.4“Old Kuki”1
Moyonmik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦šæ̀ ~ mìk◦šæ̀ ‘eyeball’Kosha 90: 3.4.2
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)8
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-hən#1600 PTB *haːr ‘BIRD / FOWL / CHICKEN’PKC *ʔaar ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PCN *haːn-a ‘CHICKEN’PTk *ar ‘FOWL’-za n.‘domestic fowl chick ('chicken' + DIM)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-juŋ#7770 PCN *a-juŋ ‘RIVER’-za n.‘stream ('river' + DIM)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-nu#2492 PTB *naːw ‘YOUNGER SIBLING’PTani *nɯ ‘BROTHER (younger)’PKC *naaw ‘CHILD / INFANT / YOUNG (n.)’PKC *naw ‘TENDER / SOFT / YOUNG’PCN *nu ‘SIBLING (YOUNGER)’PTk *naw ‘CHILD / YOUNG / YOUNGER AUNT’-za-paʔsuffix n.‘youngest male sibling ('younger sibling' + DIM + M)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-pá#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’-nu#2492 PTB *naːw ‘YOUNGER SIBLING’PTani *nɯ ‘BROTHER (younger)’PKC *naaw ‘CHILD / INFANT / YOUNG (n.)’PKC *naw ‘TENDER / SOFT / YOUNG’PCN *nu ‘SIBLING (YOUNGER)’PTk *naw ‘CHILD / YOUNG / YOUNGER AUNT’-za-paʔsuffix n.‘father's younger brother ('father' + 'younger sibling' + DIM + M)’Coupe 07 Ao
1.5Mikir [Karbi]5
Mikir [Karbi]mek#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ aprefix◦so ‘iris; pupil’Lit. “child of the eye.”Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]oprefix◦sô aprefix-hêm#1612 PTB *k-y(i/u)m ‘HOUSE’PKC *ʔim ‘HOUSE’PCN *a-jam ‘HOUSE / VILLAGE’PTk *ʃim ‘HOUSE’TGTM *ᴮdim ‘HOUSE’PLB *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PL *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PKar *hyi[m] ‘HOUSE’ ‘placenta / afterbirth’Grüssner 79 BP: 36
Mikir [Karbi]oprefix◦so-aprefix◦hem#1612 PTB *k-y(i/u)m ‘HOUSE’PKC *ʔim ‘HOUSE’PCN *a-jam ‘HOUSE / VILLAGE’PTk *ʃim ‘HOUSE’TGTM *ᴮdim ‘HOUSE’PLB *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PL *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PKar *hyi[m] ‘HOUSE’ ‘placenta’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]oprefix◦so-aprefix◦hem#1612 PTB *k-y(i/u)m ‘HOUSE’PKC *ʔim ‘HOUSE’PCN *a-jam ‘HOUSE / VILLAGE’PTk *ʃim ‘HOUSE’TGTM *ᴮdim ‘HOUSE’PLB *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PL *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PKar *hyi[m] ‘HOUSE’ ‘placenta’Matisoff 78 VSTB
Mikir [Karbi]oprefix◦so-aprefix◦pe#677 PTB *(b/p)a(ː)y ‘WOMB / PLACENTA / PREGNANT’ ‘placenta’Matisoff 87 BP
1.7.1Bodo-Garo1
1.7.1.1Bodo1
1.7.1.2Garo3
1.7.3.1Jingpho3
Jingphomyìʔ#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-sha ‘iris ("eye-child")’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphoyung#320 PTB *s-nyuŋ ⪤ *s-m-yuŋ ⪤ *s-m-yuw ‘FINGER’PKC *yuŋ ‘FINGER / TOE / ROOT’PCN *m-juŋ ‘DIGIT (FINGER / TOE)’PTk *juŋ ‘ROOT’ sha ‘digits, fingers / toes (except thumb, big toe)’Matisoff 87 BP: 4
2.1.2Bodic4
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3
3.1Tangut1
3.2Qiangic31
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 291.19
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘young woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 294.19
Namuyizɿ⁵³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘daughter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 340.19
Namuyiʐɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘granddaughter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 346.19
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ n‘woman’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0174.46
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ n‘girl’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0176.46
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ n‘daughter’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0222.46
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ vu³³morphemedʐɿ⁵⁵morpheme n‘old lady’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0172.46
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ʐɿ³³morphemeʁuo³¹morpheme n‘granddaughter’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0225.46
Namuyizɿ³³mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’læ⁵⁵morphememæ⁵⁵morpheme n‘nun (Buddhist) (female lama)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0190.46
3.3rGyalrongic1
3.3.1rGyalrong3
4Nungic1
6.1Lolo-Burmese1
6.1.1Burmish2
Hpun (Northern)ăsă phóʔ#3480 PTB *(p/b)(i/u)k ‘BORN / GIVE BIRTH’PCN *puk ‘SPRING FORTH / ORIGINATE / BE BORN’ ‘birth, give’ăsă means “child”.Henderson 86 Hpun
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish19
Gazhuoza²¹ ni²⁴morpheme za²¹ fv̩³³#97 PTB *hu ‘BORN / BIRTH / REAR’ ‘birth, give’Dai 89 Gazh: 10.4.15
Laloʐo²¹ pa³³#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ ‘male’Chen 86 Yi: 10.3
Nasuna̱²¹#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ zo³³ ‘pupil’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.2.2
Nusu (Northern)mi³⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’zɑ⁵⁵ ‘woman / female’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)za⁵³mɑ̱⁵³#547 PTB *maːk ‘SON-IN-LAW / GENITALS / PENIS / MALE / VAGINA’PTani *mak-bo ‘SON-IN-LAW’PKC *maak ‘SON-IN-LAW’PCN *a-mjak ‘IN-LAW’PTk *maak ‘BROTHER-IN-LAW’PKar *maɁᴰ ‘SON-IN-LAW’ ‘son-in-law’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)za⁵⁵ma̱⁵³#547 PTB *maːk ‘SON-IN-LAW / GENITALS / PENIS / MALE / VAGINA’PTani *mak-bo ‘SON-IN-LAW’PKC *maak ‘SON-IN-LAW’PCN *a-mjak ‘IN-LAW’PTk *maak ‘BROTHER-IN-LAW’PKar *maɁᴰ ‘SON-IN-LAW’ n‘son-in-law’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0223.34
Nusu (Bijiang)zɑ⁵⁵mɑ³¹#547 PTB *maːk ‘SON-IN-LAW / GENITALS / PENIS / MALE / VAGINA’PTani *mak-bo ‘SON-IN-LAW’PKC *maak ‘SON-IN-LAW’PCN *a-mjak ‘IN-LAW’PTk *maak ‘BROTHER-IN-LAW’PKar *maɁᴰ ‘SON-IN-LAW’ ‘son-in-law’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 342.45
Nusu (Southern)zɔ⁵³mɔ⁵³#547 PTB *maːk ‘SON-IN-LAW / GENITALS / PENIS / MALE / VAGINA’PTani *mak-bo ‘SON-IN-LAW’PKC *maak ‘SON-IN-LAW’PCN *a-mjak ‘IN-LAW’PTk *maak ‘BROTHER-IN-LAW’PKar *maɁᴰ ‘SON-IN-LAW’ ‘son-in-law’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Liangshan)tʂhɿ⁵⁵#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’zɯ³³ ‘kid (goat)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-zɯ³³ ‘eyeball’Chen 79 YiCh
6.1.2.2Central Loloish50
Ahile̱²¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ si²¹#512 PTB *m-(t)syen ‘NAIL / CLAW’MesorootsPKC *tin ‘NAIL / CLAW / HOOF’TGTM *ᴬtsʰin ‘NAIL’Allofams1 #511 PTB *m-(t)sin ‘NAIL / CLAW’1a #514 PTB *m-tsyal ‘NAIL / CLAW’1b #515 PTB *m-tsyey ‘NAIL / CLAW’1c #512 PTB *m-(t)syen ‘NAIL / CLAW’1d #513 PTB *m-(y/r)in ‘NAIL / CLAW’ zo²¹ ‘fingernail’Luo 90: 7.4.1
Ahine̱³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ lo²²#1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’MesorootsPKC *luŋ ‘HEART / LIVER’PCN *m-luŋ ‘HEART / BE ROUND’PCN *ləm ‘HEAD / HEART / MIND’PTk *luŋ ‘HEART’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ zo²¹ ‘eyeball’Luo 90: 3.4.2
Ahine̱³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ mo²²morpheme zo²¹ ‘iris’Luo 90: 3.4.2.1
Ahino³³#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ pɑ³³#812 PTB *b(r)aŋ ‘EAR / LOBELIKE PART’PL *ʔbaŋ¹ ‘EAR’ ʈʻo²¹morpheme zo²¹ ‘eardrum’Luo 90: 3.6.5
Ahitɕʻi²²#335 PTB *krəy ‘FOOT’ si²¹#512 PTB *m-(t)syen ‘NAIL / CLAW’MesorootsPKC *tin ‘NAIL / CLAW / HOOF’TGTM *ᴬtsʰin ‘NAIL’Allofams1 #511 PTB *m-(t)sin ‘NAIL / CLAW’1a #514 PTB *m-tsyal ‘NAIL / CLAW’1b #515 PTB *m-tsyey ‘NAIL / CLAW’1c #512 PTB *m-(t)syen ‘NAIL / CLAW’1d #513 PTB *m-(y/r)in ‘NAIL / CLAW’ zo²¹ ‘paw (of animal)’Luo 90: 6.2.6.9
Ahitɕʻi²²#335 PTB *krəy ‘FOOT’ si²¹#512 PTB *m-(t)syen ‘NAIL / CLAW’MesorootsPKC *tin ‘NAIL / CLAW / HOOF’TGTM *ᴬtsʰin ‘NAIL’Allofams1 #511 PTB *m-(t)sin ‘NAIL / CLAW’1a #514 PTB *m-tsyal ‘NAIL / CLAW’1b #515 PTB *m-tsyey ‘NAIL / CLAW’1c #512 PTB *m-(t)syen ‘NAIL / CLAW’1d #513 PTB *m-(y/r)in ‘NAIL / CLAW’ zo²¹ ‘toenail’Luo 90: 7.4.2
Ahiɑ³³prefix bɑ̱⁵⁵morpheme zo²¹ bu³³#70 PTB *braŋ ‘BORN / BIRTH’PKC *piaŋ-I, pian-II ‘BORN (be)’ ‘birth, give’Luo 90: 10.4.15
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)jo⁴⁴ sɯ⁵⁵#1613 PTB *(t)s(i/u)p ‘NEST / WOMB / SCROTUM’PTani *sup ‘NEST / LAIR’PCN *a-sap ‘NEST / WEB’PL *(d)zyi ‘PLACENTA / NEST’ ‘womb’Dai 89 JinA: 149
Kucongtshɿ31#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’ zʌ31 bi55morpheme ‘kid (baby goat)’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongzʌ31 mi31#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ zʌ31morpheme ‘woman’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)ʑɑ⁵³mi⁵³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’mɑ³³#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’ n‘woman’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0174.43
Lahu (Lancang)ʑɑ⁵³ɛ³⁵#549 PTB *ya ‘DIMINUTIVE’PL *s-yakᴸ ‘BABY’ n‘baby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0170.43
Lahu (Black)mɛ̂ʔ#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-yâ-mî#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘pupil ("eye-daughter")’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)yâ hu#97 PTB *hu ‘BORN / BIRTH / REAR’ ve#450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ be‘be pregnant, raise a child’Matisoff 88 DL: 1259
Lahu (Black)yâ-mî#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’-ɔ̀morpheme-lîmorpheme ‘menses’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)yâ-phɨ#1611 PTB *kʷəy ‘NEST / WOMB / PLACENTA’(-tɛmorpheme) ‘placenta ("child-nest")’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)zᴀ⁵³mi⁵³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’mᴀ³⁵#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’ ‘woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 291.33
Lahu (Black)zᴀ⁵³mi⁵³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’xᴀ³⁵#5777 PLB *ʔlak ‘YOUTH / YOUNG PERSON’ ‘young woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 294.33
Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹morphemezᴀ⁵³pᴀ¹¹#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ ‘son’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 339.33
Lahu (Yellow)ʑa³pa⁵#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ ‘son’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)ʑa¹mi³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘woman / female’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)ʑa¹mi³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’xa⁴#5777 PLB *ʔlak ‘YOUTH / YOUNG PERSON’ ‘young woman’Chang 86
Lisu (Central)a¹prefix-hchï⁶#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’-ra⁵ ‘kid’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)za²¹gu⁴⁴morpheme za²¹morphememɤ⁴⁴#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘husband and wife’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)za²¹mɤ⁴⁴#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ N‘wife’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)zaʔ²¹mɤ³³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’tʃhɿ²¹morpheme N‘woman; female person; wife’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)zaʔ²¹mɤʔ²¹#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’zaʔ²¹morpheme ‘woman; wife’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuzɑ³¹mɯ³³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘wife’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 338.27
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish18
Bisuaŋ#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’-jàt#679 PTB *tsat ‘WOMB / PLACENTA / NEST’-ja-húm#1612 PTB *k-y(i/u)m ‘HOUSE’PKC *ʔim ‘HOUSE’PCN *a-jam ‘HOUSE / VILLAGE’PTk *ʃim ‘HOUSE’TGTM *ᴮdim ‘HOUSE’PLB *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PL *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PKar *hyi[m] ‘HOUSE’ ‘womb’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 16
Hani (Dazhai)za³¹mi³¹#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 291.31
Hani (Lüchun)za³¹mi³¹#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’za³¹morpheme n‘woman’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0174.41
Hani (Caiyuan)jɔ³¹mi³¹#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 291.30
Hani (Gelanghe)za³¹mi³¹#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘woman / femae’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)zɔ³¹mi³¹#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ ‘woman’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 291.32
6.2Naxi16
Laze (Xiangjiao)zɑ˧hu˥morpheme tʰæ˥morpheme tɕi˥morpheme hĩ˥morpheme ‘child, little child’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 515
Laze (Xiangjiao)zɑ˧hu˥morphemepɑ˩morphemedzi˩morpheme ‘girdle used to carry a child’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1174
Na (Yongning)tsʰɯ˧#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’◦zo˥$ ‘kid (child of the goat)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)ʐwæ˧#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’zo#˥ ‘colt, pony, filly, foal’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #1012,
*za-n ‘CHILD’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1012Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#059, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1012,
title = {{*za-n 'CHILD'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1012},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1012}
}