STEDT
STEDT #97

*hu

BORN / BIRTH / REAR

Reconstruction analysis

handlehuinitialhrhymeucoverH · V

Connections

HPTB*hu ‘rear (offspring) / raise (to maturity) / nourish’p. 58

Notes

This excellent root, with a relatively rare laryngeal proto-initial, appears in the NE Indian Areal Group, Lolo-Burmese, and Qiangic, with a range of meanings including ‘be pregnant’; ‘give birth’; ‘bring up, rear (a child)’; ‘nourish, feed’, covering the whole range of parental responsibility from conception to childhood. It is reconstructed in Matisoff 1985, ‘God and the Sino-Tibetan copula’ (note 69, p. 38) and in Matisoff 1988, The Dictionary of Lahu (p. 1071), and discussed in the context of TB laryngeal-initial etyma in general in Matisoff 1997 “Primary and secondary laryngeal initials in TB” (section 5.3).

Chinese comparanda

OC *χôg, GSR #1044a ‘good’ ‘love, like’1; Li 1971: *həgwx/*həgwh; Baxter 1992: *xuʔ/ *xu(ʔ)s (737); Mand. hǎo ‘good’ hào ‘love, like’.

The word for ‘love, like’ is a putative form derived from ‘good’ through *-s suffixation. This presents some semantic difficulty for the OC-PTB comparison, since the basic meaning of the PTB root is closer to that of the derived Chinese transitive verb.

Corroborated as it is by other etyma (e.g. #1168 PTB *pʷu EGG / BIRD / ROUND OBJECT, #1733 PTB *r/m-bu ⪤ *pru NEST / WOMB / PLACENTA), the correspondence TB *-u with OC *-əgw (Li)/*-u (Baxter) is well attested. The initial correspondence is difficult to evaluate because there are so few proposed cognates involving words with OC *h- (Li)/*x- (Baxter) or PTB *h-. Of these several (such as Gong 1995 #142 comparing OC *xan ‘snore’ (Mand. hān) to PTB *hal ‘snore’) are clearly onomatopoetic. In other cases Gong has derived OC *x- from earlier *skh-, facilitating comparison with Written Tibetan forms having initial velars (see Gong 2000). Nevertheless, there is no specific reason to doubt the validity of the initial correspondence.
[ZJH]

OC *χi̯ôk, GSR #1018a ‘raise (animals); bring up; cultivate’; Schuessler 2007:194 *huks; B & S 2011: *qʰuk-s; Mand. .
OC *t̂’i̯ôk, GSR #1018a ‘livestock; (domesticated animal’; Schuessler 2007:194 *rhuk; B & S 2011: *qʰ‹r›uk; Mand. chù.

1 This comparison is correctly cited in HPTB (p. 58), although by an unfortunate error the Chinese character is given instead of . [JAM]

Reflexes & cognates38 reflexes · 11 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmanhu ‘rear (offspring) / raise (to maturity) / nourish’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 593

1.1.1.1Western Tani3

Bokarhoː v‘birth, give’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarɦoː v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.24
Bokarɦoː v.‘birth, give to (piglets)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1717.24

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]u ‘raise (child)’J. H. Lorrain (1907:229) glosses this word as ‘to bring up; to tend; to rear; to keep; to support; to feed (as child, etc.).’Matisoff 93 PC

1.4Meithei1

Meitheiəprefixŋaŋ#1864 PTB *naŋ ‘GIVE BIRTH’ umorphemesuffix v.‘birth, give’Singh 91 MeiQ: 10.4.15

3.2Qiangic2

Qiang (Mawo)χu ‘birth, give’Sun H 81 Qia

6.1.2.2Central Loloish16

Lahu (Black)hu ‘support; nourish; rear’Matisoff 88 DL: 1071
Lisuh'ū⁴ be v.‘born, be’Bradley 79 PLo: 597
Lisu (Nujiang)he³³ ‘birth, give (human)’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisuhẽ³³ v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.40
Lisuhe³³ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.27
Lisuhe̱³¹ v.‘birth, give to (piglets)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1717.40
Lisu (Nujiang)he̱⁴² ‘birth, give (animal)’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hĩ³³gu³³morpheme ‘birth place’The nasalization in some of the Lisu forms is due to rhinoglottophilia. See Matisoff 1975 (“Rhinoglottophilia”).Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)hỹ³³gu⁴⁴morpheme ‘birth place’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hø̃³³ V‘birth, give ; support; feed and educate; raise’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hø̃³³gu³³morpheme ‘birth place’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hø̃ʔ²¹la³³morpheme ‘birth, give’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)hʼū⁴ v.t.‘birth, give’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)hʼū⁴ ta¹morpheme law³morpheme ‘born, be’Fraser 22

9.0.1Old Chinese4

Chinese (Old)qʰˤuʔ-s v.‘love, like’BaxterSagart 2011: 1023
Chinese (Old)xu(ʔ)s v‘love’Baxter 92: 737b

9.0.2Middle Chinese2

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #97, *hu ‘BORN / BIRTH / REAR’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/97
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: JAM-LITB 5.3
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-97,
  title  = {{*hu 'BORN / BIRTH / REAR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #97},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/97}
}