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STEDT #2727

*tsa-n

CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletsainitialtsrhymeacoverTS · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*tsaʔ ‘SON’PCN #020
Tangkhulic*tsa ‘CHILD / DIMINUTIVE’DRM#747

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*tsa-n ⪤ *za-n ‘child / son / relatives’pp. 27, 31, 33, 34, 154, 162, 165, 169, 171, 172, 176, 188, 448, 450

Notes

There is variation between the fricative and affricate initials even within the same subgroup (e.g., Qiangic, Burmish). See #1012 PTB *za-n CHILD.

Chinese comparandum

子 OC *tsi̯əg, GSR #964a-j ‘son, daughter, child; young of animals’; Schuessler 2007:633 *tsəʔ; B & S 2011: *tsəʔ; Mand. zǐ.
字 OC *dz’i̯əg, GSR #964n-o ‘to breed, love’; Schuessler 2007:633 *dzəh; B & S 2011: *mə-dzə-s {mə-dzə(ʔ)-s}; Mand. zì.
孳
慈 OC *dz’i̯əg, GSR #966j ‘loving, kind’; Schuessler 2007:633 *dzə; B & S 2011: *dzə; Mand. cí.

在 943i-k *dz’əg
存 OC *dz’wən, GSR #432a ‘be among, exist, survive, maintain’; Schuessler 2007:200 *dzə̂n; B & S 2011: *dzˁən {[dz]ˁə[n]}; Mand. cún.

栽 OC *tsəg, GSR #943y ‘plant (v.)’; Schuessler 2007:599 *tsə̂; B & S 2011: *tsˁə {[ts]ˁə}; Mand. zāi.
載 OC *tsəg, GSR #943a’-b’ ‘initiate, start work; undertaking, achievement’; Schuessler 2007:599 *tsə̂h; B & S 2011: *(tsˁəʔ-s {[ts]ˁəʔ-s}; Mand. zài.
栽 OC *dz’əg, GSR #943y ‘board (v.); erect building frames’; Schuessler 2007:600 *tsə̂h; B & S 2011: *tsˁəʔ-s {[ts]ˁəʔ-s}; Mand. zài.

載 OC *tsəg, GSR #943a’-b’ ‘load, carry, pour, fill; convetance’; Schuessler 2007:600 *tsə̂h; B & S 2011: *tsˁəʔ-s {[ts]ˁəʔ-s}; Mand. zài.
載 OC *dz’əg, GSR #943a’-b’ ‘load (v.); load (n.)’; Schuessler 2007:600 *dzə̂h; B & S 2011: *m-tsˁəʔ-s {[m-ts]ˁəʔ-s}; Mand. zài.

才 OC *dz’əg, GSR #943a-f ‘talent, ability’; B & S 2011: *dzˤə {(Cə.)[dz]ˤə}; Mand. cái.
材 OC *dz’əg, GSR #943g ‘timber, material’; B & S 2011: *Cə.dzˤə {[Cə.dz]ˤə}; Mand. cái.
財 OC *dz’əg, GSR #943h ‘wealth’; B & S 2011: *dzˤə {[dz]ˤə}; Mand. cái.

Reflexes & cognates98 reflexes · 15 subgroups

1.3“Naga” Areal Group1

Maringaprefix◦cha ‘son’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)21

*Ao(tprefix-)tʃa-əɹsuffix ‘SON’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.144
Ao (Chungli)chi◦rsuffix ‘child’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)tə³prefix-tʃi◦ɹ³¹suffix n.‘son’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.144
Ao (Chungli)tʃa²nu²morpheme n.‘child, young’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Ao (Chungli)tʃa²pa³morphemesu¹morpheme n.‘son’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)imorpheme◦cha◦rsuffix ‘child’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tʃà-(ə)ɹsuffix n.‘son ('offspring' + ANOM)’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagao¹prefix-tso²-eʔ³suffix n.‘children’Bruhn 14 PCN: p.184
Lotha Nagatso²-khjoŋ¹morpheme-oʔ²suffix n.‘son’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.020
Lotha Nagaoprefix◦tso◦esuffix ‘child’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaoprefix◦tso◦esuffix-eprefix◦pu#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’◦esuffix ‘son’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Naga¹oprefix²dzo(-³eʔsuffix) ‘child’Weidert 87 TBTo: 44
Lotha Naga¹oprefix²dzo(ʔ) ‘son’Weidert 87 TBTo: 303
Sangtamtsu◦rüsuffix ‘son’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrü(¹)dzɯʔ◦¹rɯsuffix ‘son’Weidert 87 TBTo: 303
Yimchungrüaprefix◦zü◦rüsuffix ‘child’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrütsü◦rüsuffix ‘son’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Meluriaprefix◦tsa ‘child’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic2

*Tangkhulictsa ‘child / diminutive’Mortensen 12 Tk: 747
Kachaisimorpheme-ðu ‘young (of animal) / calf / foal’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.004

2.1.1Western Himalayish4

Kanaurichaṅ n‘child / son / son of brother’Bailey 11
Kanaurichaṅ tāmigʻmorpheme v‘bear child’Bailey 11
Kanaurichaṅts ‘infant / child (little)’Bailey 11

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Written)btsa ‘birth, give’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)btsa-basuffix ‘birth, give’Benedict 72 STC: 277n86

2.2Newar5

Newargarāloanword-cā n‘donkey-(diminutive)’< IA khara- ‘donkey’.Hale 73 CSD: 03a.045
Newarphasimorpheme◦cā ‘lamb (diminutive)’Genetti 90 NeQ2
Newarte#519 PTB *s-tay ‘NAVEL / ABDOMEN / CENTER / SELF’MesorootsPKar *Ɂdeᴬ ‘NAVEL, UMBILICAL CORD’Allofams40 #518 PTB *m/s-la(ː)y ⪤ *s-tay ‘NAVEL’40a #517 PTB *m/s-la(ː)y ‘NAVEL / CENTER / SELF’40b #519 PTB *s-tay ‘NAVEL / ABDOMEN / CENTER / SELF’◦pumorpheme◦ca ‘navel-(diminutive)’K. P. Malla (p.c. 2007) analyzes this form as consisting of te ‘navel’, pu ‘seed, round thing’, ca (preferably chaa) ‘DIMINUTIVE; child’. Newar chaa appears in compounds like ma-chaa ‘a child’ and khi-chaa ‘a dog’.Shakya 89: 5.7.1

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

Dumiparɨmorpheme-tsuʔu ‘<child> newborn infant sacrificed in olden times to the gods of’Driem 93 Dumi

3.2Qiangic34

Ersujɑ⁵⁵morphemedʐɛ⁵⁵ ‘child’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 295.18
Guiqiong(e⁵⁵morphemele⁵⁵morphemetsə³³) tʃhə⁵⁵morpheme v.‘embrace a child cheek to cheek’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1575.16
Guiqionge⁵⁵morphemele⁵⁵morphemetsi³³ ‘child’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 295.17
Guiqionge⁵⁵morphemele⁵⁵morphemetsə³³ n‘child’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0169.16
Pumi (Jiulong)tsø⁵⁵dzə̃⁵⁵morpheme n‘son-in-law’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0223.10
Pumi (Taoba)tsu̵⁵⁵dzã⁵³morpheme ‘son-in-law’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 342.10
Pumi (Taoba)tɕɪ̃³⁵ ‘child’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 295.10
Qiang (Longxi)qàmorpheme tɕí ‘dote on (child)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2392
Qiang (Longxi)tɕí bímorpheme ‘child’Evans 99 Qiang: 210
Qiang (Mawo)tɕiː mimorpheme ‘child’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 295.8
Qiang (Mawo)tʃuj mɪmorpheme n‘child’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0169.08
Qiang (Mianchi)kɛ̀morpheme bʐìmorpheme tsɨ̀ ‘child’Evans 99 Qiang: 210

6.1.1Burmish17

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)tsi̯əg/tsi: ‘son / daughter / child;young of animals’Karlgren 57 GSR: 964a-j
Chinese (Old)dzi̯əg ‘child’Chou 72: 964a-j

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2727, *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2727
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC p.27, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2727,
  title  = {{*tsa-n 'CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2727},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2727}
}