STEDT
The Body  ›  Head and Face  ›  Eye
STEDT #681

*s-myak

EYE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlemyakprefixsinitialmyrhymeakcoverM · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’
Lolo-Burmese*s-myak ‘EYE’

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*s-mik ⪤ *s-myak ‘eye’pp. 40, 63, 66, 99, 141, 319, 324, 327, 346, 347, 371, 496, 506, 527
See also*s-mik ‘EYE’

Notes

A number of languages have developed an initial dental nasal due to the following palatal glide (e.g., Qiang [Mawo], Nasu, Sani).

Reflexes & cognates963 reflexes · 26 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)3

*Sino-Tibetan(s-)myəːk ‘eye’Chou 72: 1036a-c

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garo (Bangladesh)mik-onmorpheme bimorpheme-rongmorpheme ‘iris’Burling 92 GaBa

2.1.2.1Tibetan1

3.2Qiangic114

Ersumiɑ⁵⁵ ‘eye’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersumiɑ⁵⁵; do⁵⁵morphemeku⁵⁵morpheme ‘eye’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 238.18
Guiqiongȵɑ³³ ɣũ⁵⁵morpheme ‘tears’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Guiqiongȵɑ³¹wũ⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.16
Guiqiongȵɑ³⁵ ‘eye’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Guiqiongȵɑ̃³⁵ ko⁵³morpheme ‘blind’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Guiqiongȵɑ̃³⁵ko⁵³morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.17
Guiqiongȵɑ³⁵kuɔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.16
Muyami⁵⁵phə³³morphemerɑ³³morpheme n‘eyebrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0078.15
Namuyimiɛ⁵⁵ ‘eye’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.4
Namuyimiɛ⁵⁵ ‘eye’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 238.19
Namuyimiɛ⁵⁵qo³³morpheme ‘blind’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.4.10
Namuyimiɛ⁵⁵qo³³morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.19
Namuyimiæ⁵³ nduo³¹ v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.46
Namuyimiæ⁵³lu̵³¹morpheme n‘eye’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0079.46
Namuyimiæ⁵³quo³¹morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.46
Namuyimiæ⁵³quo³¹morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.46
Namuyimiæ⁵³ɦæʴ³¹morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.46
Pumi (Jiulong)nɑ¹¹qu⁵⁵morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.10
Pumi (Jiulong)ȵə¹¹qu⁵⁵morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.10
Pumi (Jiulong)ȵə⁵⁵bʐe⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.10
Pumi (Lanping)miɑ⁵⁵bʐa¹³morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.09
Pumi (Qinghua)miɑ⁵⁵ ‘eye’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)ȵɛ⁵³ ‘eye’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)ȵɛ⁵³bʐe³⁵ n‘tear’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 239.10
Pumi (Taoba)ȵɛ⁵⁵ku³⁵ ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.10
Qiang (Longxi)mì tshòmorpheme ‘have dim eyesight (mì='eye')’Evans 99 Qiang: 1975
Qiang (Longxi)mì tɕuàmorpheme mùmorpheme ‘blind person’Evans 99 Qiang: 259
Qiang (Longxi)mì tɕuàmorpheme mùmorpheme ‘one-eyed person (=blind person)’Evans 99 Qiang: 268
Qiang (Longxi)mí-qhúmorpheme ‘eye sand’Evans 99 Qiang: 193.2
Qiang (Longxi)mì-sèmorpheme ‘pupil of eye’Evans 99 Qiang: 104.2
Qiang (Longxi)mì-ɕuàmorpheme ‘pupil of eye [eye-bright]’Evans 99 Qiang: 104.2
Qiang (Mianchi)mè tiémorpheme ‘eye’Evans 99 Qiang: 104
Qiang (Mianchi)mù lɛ́morpheme qɛ̀morpheme ‘tears’Evans 99 Qiang: 194
Qiang (Mianchi)mù tímorpheme-àmorpheme-ʑàmorpheme-mì#2436 PTB *ma ‘(NEGATIVE)’PCN *maʔ ‘NO (REFUSAL)’-uémorpheme-mùmorpheme ‘one-eyed person [eye-one-CL-NEG-have-person]’Evans 99 Qiang: 268
Qiang (Mianchi)mù tímorpheme-ʂèmorpheme-χuàmorpheme-thàmorpheme ‘have dim eyesight [eye-p-b-s]’Evans 99 Qiang: 1975
Qiang (Mianchi)mù tiémorpheme ‘eye’Evans 99 Qiang: 104
Qiang (Mianchi)mù tiémorpheme màNmorpheme pémorpheme ‘pupil of eye’Evans 99 Qiang: 104.2
Qiang (Mianchi)mù tiémorpheme-mí#2436 PTB *ma ‘(NEGATIVE)’PCN *maʔ ‘NO (REFUSAL)’-tiùmorpheme-mùmorpheme ‘blind person [eyes-not-see-AGT]’Evans 99 Qiang: 259
Qiang (Mianchi)mù-tɕhɛ́morpheme ‘eye sand [eye-feces]’Evans 99 Qiang: 193.2
Qiang (Taoping)mi⁵⁵ ‘eye’Sun H 81 Qia
Queyu (Xinlong)mȵe⁵⁵ptʂhe⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.13
Xumiȵĩ³³ɬũ⁵³morpheme n‘eyebrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0078.17
Xumiȵɑ³³ qu³⁵morpheme ‘blind’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumiȵɑ³³qu³⁵morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.20
Xumiȵɛ⁵⁵wã⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.17
Zhaba (Daofu County)ȵa⁵⁵pu⁵⁵morphemetshɪ⁵⁵morpheme n‘eyebrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0078.14
Zhaba (Daofu County)ȵa⁵⁵ʐɪ⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.14

3.3.1rGyalrong44

rGyalrong (Eastern)taprefix◦memorpheme mɲak ‘ankle’Sun H 91 rEQ: 6.2.5
rGyalrongteprefix◦mńak ‘eye’LaPolla 87: 88
rGyalrongtĕprefix◦mńak ‘eye’Benedict 72 STC: 402
rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɑprefix mᴇmorpheme mȵɑk n‘ankle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0104.11
rGyalrongtəprefix mȵak ‘eye’Dai 89 Jiar: 3.4
rGyalrongtəprefix mȵak ‘eye’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 238.12
rGyalrongtəprefix mȵak wumorpheme rmimorpheme ‘eyeball’Dai 89 Jiar: 3.4.2
Caodengtə́prefix-mɲa ‘eye’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtəprefix-mɲa-kɐmʔmorpheme ‘eye-socket’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦mȵak ‘eye’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.4
rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦mȵak ‘eye’Sun H 91 rNW: 3.4
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦mȵak ndʐimorpheme ‘iris’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.4.2.1
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦mȵak rʁemorpheme/r̥qumorpheme ‘eyeball’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.4.2
rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦mȵaŋ ndʒəmorpheme ‘iris’Sun H 91 rNW: 3.4.2.1
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦mɲak ‘eye’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.4
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦mɲak ʃɲemorpheme ‘eyeball’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.4.2
rGyalrong (Eastern)wumorpheme◦mɲak ʃnemorpheme sɐsəlemorpheme ‘iris’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.4.2.1
rGyalrongtaprefix memorpheme mnyak ‘ankle’Nagano 97 GyQ: 6.2.5
rGyalrongtaprefix memorpheme mnyak wumorpheme sha ru#234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘ankle bone’Nagano 97 GyQ: 6.2.51
rGyalrongtAprefix mnyak ‘eye’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.4
rGyalrongwumorpheme mnyak kAprefix romorpheme ‘awake’Nagano 97 GyQ: 1.17
rGyalrongwumorpheme mnyak nAmorpheme sumorpheme romorpheme ‘awake’Nagano 97 GyQ: 1.17
rGBenzhentaprefix-memorpheme mɲak ‘ankle’Sun J 97 rGB
rGBenzhentəprefix-mɲak ‘eye’Sun J 97 rGB
Shilitəprefix-mɲɐχ ‘eye’Sun J 97 Shi

6.1.1Burmish157

Achang (Lianghe)ȵɑ³¹ l̥iɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘face’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)tɕhi⁵⁵morpheme ȵɔʔ⁵⁵ ‘knee’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)tɕhi⁵⁵morphemeȵɔʔ⁵⁵ n‘knee’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0101.28
Achang (Longchuan)ȵɔʔ⁵⁵mui³¹morpheme n‘face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0082.28
Achang (Longchuan)ȵɔʔ⁵⁵pʐaŋ⁵⁵morpheme n‘person w / pockmarked face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0206.28
Achang (Xiandao)a³¹prefix ɲɔʔ⁵⁵ ‘joint’Dai 89 Xian: 162
Achang (Xiandao)a³¹prefixɲɔʔ⁵⁵ nbp‘joint’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0136.29
Achang (Xiandao)ɲɔʔ⁵⁵ ‘eye’Dai 89 Xian: 101
Achang (Xiandao)ɲɔʔ⁵⁵ nɔʔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘pupil’Dai 89 Xian: 101.2
Achang (Xiandao)ɲɔʔ⁵⁵pʐaŋ⁵⁵morpheme n‘person w / pockmarked face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0206.29
Achang (Xiandao)ɲɔʔ⁵⁵ʂaŋ³¹morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.29
Bolamjaʔ³¹ ‘eye’Dai 89 Bola: 101
Bola (Luxi)mjaʔ³¹tʃɿ³⁵morpheme n‘eye’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0079.32
Bola (Luxi)mjaʔ³¹ʃaʔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘person w / pockmarked face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0206.32
Burmese (Modern)[myak]◦kwaŋ⁴morpheme ‘eye-socket’Luce 85: Y.85
Burmese (Modern)aprefix◦myak ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31
Burmese (Modern)myak ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Burmese (Rangoon)mjɛʔ⁴si⁵³morpheme n‘eye’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0079.27
Burmese (Rangoon)tɕhe²²morphememjɛʔ⁴si⁵³morpheme n‘ankle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0104.27
Burmese (Spoken)ăprefix◦myɛʔ² ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)mjɛʔ⁴⁴si⁵³morpheme ‘eye’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 238.40
Burmese (Written)aprefix◦myak ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31
Burmese (Written)aprefix◦myak ‘eye / eyesight’Luce 85: W.90
Burmese (Written)mjɑk⁴ se¹morpheme n‘eye’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0079.26
Burmese (Written)mjɑk◦se¹morpheme ‘eye’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 238.39
Burmese (Written)myak ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Burmese (Written)myak-khûmmorpheme ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)myak-khwam#780 PTB *kwaŋ ‘SKIN’ ‘eyelid’The final labial WB khwam perhaps result of assimilation to the preceding -w-.Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)myak-racmorpheme ‘iris’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)phamorpheme◦myak ‘ankle’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)phəmorpheme◦myak ‘ankle’Matisoff 87 BP
Danumyɛʔ² ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31
Langsu (Luxi)mjɔʔ³¹ʃɔʔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘person w / pockmarked face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0206.31
Lashimjɔʔ³¹ ‘eye’Dai 89 Lash: 3.4
Lashimjɔʔ³¹ mɔ:i⁵⁵morpheme ‘iris’Dai 89 Lash: 3.4.2.1
Lashimjɔʔ³¹ tʃham⁵⁵morpheme ‘eyeball’Dai 89 Lash: 3.4.2
Lashi (Lachhe')myɔʔ³- ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31
Leqi (Luxi)jou³³morphememjɔʔ³¹ nbp‘joint’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0136.33
Leqi (Luxi)mjɔʔ³¹ʃɔʔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘person w / pockmarked face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0206.33
Marmamyaʔ◦cǐ ‘eye’Huziwara 08 Sak: 3
Marmamyaʔ◦tɔŋmorpheme ‘eyelash’Huziwara 08 Sak: 4a
Maru [Langsu]mjɔʔ³¹ ma⁵⁵morpheme ‘iris’Dai 89 Lang: 3.4.2.1
Maru [Langsu]myɔ(ʔ)² ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31
Taung-Yomyæʔ¹ ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31
Atsi [Zaiwa]mjoʔ²¹ʃoʔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘person w / pockmarked face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0206.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]myɔʔ² ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31

6.1.2Loloish16

*Loloish(C)-myakᴴ ‘eye’Bradley 79 PLo: 92
*Loloish(C-)myakᴴ ‘eye’Hansson 89 AHKP: 468
Lolophome̱⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴morpheme ‘blind’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.4.10
Lolophome̱⁴⁴ ne̱³³morpheme ‘pupil’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.4.2.2
Lolophome̱⁴⁴ phv̩³³morpheme ‘iris’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.4.2.1
Lolophome̱⁴⁴ tɕhi̱⁴⁴morpheme v.‘blink’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.4.5
Lolophopha³¹morpheme me̱⁴⁴ ‘cheek’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.11
PNL(s-)myak ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish169

Gazhuoȵa⁵³ ‘eye’Dai 87 Gazh
Gazhuoȵa⁵³ ‘eye’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.4
Gazhuoȵa⁵³thi³¹morpheme n‘eye’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0079.47
Gazhuoȵa⁵⁵tɤ³⁵morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.47
Gazhuoȵɑ⁵³kɯ²⁴morphemelo⁵¹morpheme ‘corner of eye, canthus’Mu 03 Gazhuo
Gazhuoȵɑ⁵³tsɛ²⁴morpheme ‘eye’Mu 03 Gazhuo
Gazhuoȵɑ⁵³tsʰɿ³¹morpheme ‘eye sand’Mu 03 Gazhuo
Laloʔmi̱³³ ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Laloʔmɪ̱³³ hɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘eyebrow’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.3
Liphome̱³³ ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Liphome̱³³du²¹morpheme ‘eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4
Liphome̱³³tɛ³³morpheme ‘blind’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.10
Liphotshi³³morphemeta̱³³morphemetʂo²¹morphememe̱³³ ‘ankle’Chen 86 Yi: 6.2.5
Nasuna̱² ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Nasuna̱²¹ e̱ṟ²¹morpheme ‘blind’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.10
Nasuna̱²¹ te̱ṟ²¹morpheme ‘blind’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.10
Nasuna̱²¹ ʈʰu³³morpheme ‘white of eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.2.3
Neisuna³³ ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Nesune̱³³ ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Nesuȵi³³ te̱³³morpheme ‘blind’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.10
Nesuȵɪ̱³³ tʰu²¹morpheme ‘white of eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.2.3
Noesuna³³du³³morpheme ‘eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4
Noesuna³³ʈhu³³morpheme ‘white of eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.2.3
Nosuȵo̱³³bi⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.10
Nosuȵo̱³³dzɿ²¹morpheme ‘eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4
Nosuȵo̱³³tɕhu³³morpheme ‘white of eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.2.3
Nosuȵo̱⁴ ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Yi (Dafang)na³³ ‘look at’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Dafang)na³³ me³³morpheme ‘close (eyes)’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Dafang)na³³me³³morpheme ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.22
Yi (Liangshan)ȵɔ³³bi⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵɔ³³la³³morpheme ‘attractive; eye-catching’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵɔ³³lu̱³³morpheme ‘eye, white of the’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵɔ³³na³³morpheme ‘eye disease’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵɔ³³ʣɿ²¹morpheme ‘eye’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵɔ³⁴ȵɔ³³morpheme ‘eye; hole (opening)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)ne̱³³tɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.25
Yi (Mojiang)ne̱³³tᴀ̱³³morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.26
Yi (Nanhua)me̱³³tɛ̱³³morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.24
Yi (Nanhua)phe²¹#1186 PTB *pluŋ ‘FACE’PLB *pluːŋ² OR *pyuːŋ² ‘FACE’me̱³³ n‘face’These two Nanhua forms, phe²¹me̱³³ and tʰᴀ̱²¹me̱³³, are perhaps evidence of dialect mixture. The PLB cluster *pl- sometimes loses the lateral element, but sometimes develops into a retroflex stop (as in Mojiang and Dafang). It is possible that the Nanhua form with retroflex initial is borrowed from such a dialect.Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0082.37
Yi (Nanhua)tɕhi³³morphememe̱³³sæ²¹morpheme n‘ankle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0104.37
Yi (Weishan)khɯ⁵⁵morphemen̩⁵⁵morphemeʔmɪ̱³³sᴇ²¹morpheme n‘ankle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0104.36
Yi (Weishan)ʔmɪ̱³³tsᴇ²¹morpheme n‘eye’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0079.36
Yi (Wuding)nɑ̱²dv̩³³morpheme n‘eye’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0079.38
Yi (Wuding)nɑ̱²tɚ̱²morphemelɑ̱⁵⁵morphemekɯ̱³³morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.38
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³ bi⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³ bi⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind person’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³-m̥ɿ̄³³morpheme-tsʰɿ̄³³morpheme ‘wink’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³-tɕʰu³³morpheme ‘white of eye’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³bi⁵⁵morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.35
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³bi⁵⁵morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.35
Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³bi⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish216

Ahine̱³³ ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Ahine̱³³ mo²²morpheme zo²¹morpheme ne̱³³morpheme tʂʻi²¹morpheme mo³³ ‘pupil’Luo 90: 3.4.2.2
Ahine̱³³ mo²²morpheme zo²¹morpheme ɑ³³morpheme tʻo²²morpheme mo³³morpheme ‘white of eye’Luo 90: 3.4.2.3
Ahine̱³³ mu³³morpheme tsʻi̱²¹morpheme v.‘blink’Luo 90: 3.4.5
Ahine̱³³ sɑ²¹morpheme ‘eye’Luo 90: 3.4
Ahine̱³³ tɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind’Luo 90: 3.4.10
Ahine̱³³sa²¹morpheme ‘eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4
Ahine̱³³tɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.10
Ahine̱³³ʈho²²morpheme ‘white of eye’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.2.3
Ahinie⁴⁴ ‘eye’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 145
Jinuomja⁴²pjo⁵⁵morpheme n‘person w / pockmarked face’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0206.44
Jinuomjɐ⁴² ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.34
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)tɛ³³ mjʌ⁴⁴ ‘see’Dai 89 JinA: 2103
Jinuo (Baka)tɛ³³ mjʌ⁴⁴ ‘see’Dai 89 JinB: 2103
Jinuo (Youle)tɛ⁴⁴ mjə⁴⁴ ‘see’Gai 86
Jinuoʃɔ³¹morphememja⁴² n‘ankle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0104.44
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)ʃɔ⁴⁴morpheme mja³¹ ‘ankle’Dai 89 JinA: 130
Lahumɛ̂ʔ ‘eye’LaPolla 87: 88
Lahu (Black)mɛ̂ʔ-pímorpheme(-cu) ‘sty’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)mɛ̂ʔ-šīmorpheme ‘space between eyes’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Yellow)mɛʔ⁵⁴ ‘eye’Chang 86
Lisu (Nujiang)miɑ̱⁴⁴ kʰu³¹morpheme ‘blind person’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisumi̱ɛ̱³³ka̱³³mu̱³³ n‘eyebrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0078.40
Lisumi̱ɛ³³tɯ̱³³ n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.40
Lisumi̱ɛ̱³³tɯ̱³³morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.40
Lisumiɛ⁴tɯ⁴⁴morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.27
Lisu (Central)mja³³ bjøʔ²¹morpheme ‘offending the eye; dazzling’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³biʔ²¹morpheme ‘offending the eye; dazzling’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³bɔ³³morpheme ‘white ring around the eye (of animal)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³du²¹morpheme ‘eye’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³khu²¹morpheme ‘blind; lose eyesight’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³khɤ²¹morphemetɕhi³³morpheme ‘in front of the eye; at present; in the presence of someone; at the moment’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³pja³³morpheme ‘wrinkle the eye’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³pɤ⁵⁵morpheme ‘corner of eye; canthus’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³pɤ⁵⁵morphemesu⁵⁵morpheme ‘wrinkle (at corner of eye)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³si²¹morpheme ‘pink-eye’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³sɯ²¹morpheme ‘eye’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³sɯ²¹morpheme na⁴⁴morpheme ‘pain in the eye’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³tshi⁵⁵morpheme ‘shut the eye; jiffy; close the eye (die)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³tsɔ³⁵morphemekhu³³morpheme ‘eye socket’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³tø³⁵morpheme ‘fixed eye; stare’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mja³³tɤ³³morpheme ‘blind; lose eyesight’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisumyá³ ni²morpheme-ma³morpheme ‘eyeball ("eye-heart")’Matisoff 87 BP
Lisu (Central)myá³ ni²morpheme-ma³morpheme ‘eyeball’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)thi²¹morpheme mja³³tshi⁵⁵morpheme ‘in a twinkle of the eye’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ bu³³morpheme tʂo⁵⁵morpheme ‘knit eyebrows, frown’Wu 84: 93.3
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ kʰɯ³³morpheme ‘corner of eye’Wu 84: 94.6
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ læ³³morpheme bɯ̱⁴⁴morpheme ‘sty in eye’Wu 84: 94.1
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ ma⁵⁵morpheme ‘dry eye crud’Wu 84: 93.5
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ m̩²¹morpheme dʐɤ⁵⁵morpheme ‘eyes narrowed’Wu 84: 93.8
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ mæ³³morpheme ‘corner of eye’Wu 84: 93.4
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ tʂɑ³³morpheme ‘eyesight’Wu 84: 94.4
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ ʂa⁴⁴morpheme mɑ³³morpheme ‘blind person’Ma 89 SanQ: 308.3
Sani [Nyi]ne³³mA⁵⁵morpheme ‘eye sand’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ne³³mɛ³³morpheme ‘corner of the eye’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ne³³si²¹morphemeko³³#1110 PTB *ka ‘BALL / EGG / TESTICLE / EYEBALL’mɒ³³morphemene³³morpheme ‘pupil’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ne³³tʂɒ⁵⁵morpheme ‘eyesight’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ɬu³³morpheme ‘cataract of the eye’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ne³³ʂA̱³³morpheme ‘blind’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ne⁴⁴ ‘eye’Chen 86 CS: 149.
Sani [Nyi]ne⁴⁴ m̩⁴⁴morpheme tsʰɿ͆⁴⁴morpheme v‘blink (zha)’Ma 89 SanQ: 320.11
Sani [Nyi]ne⁴⁴ m⁴⁴morpheme tsʰɿ͆⁴⁴morpheme v‘blink’Ma 89 SanQ: 350.4
Sani [Nyi]ne⁴⁴m̩⁴⁴morphemetshi⁴⁴morpheme ‘blink’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.5
Sani [Nyi]ne⁴⁴ʂa⁴⁴morpheme ‘blind’Chen 86 Yi: 3.4.10
Yi (Sani)ne⁴⁴ʂɑ⁴⁴morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.39
Yi (Sani)ne⁴⁴ʂɑ⁴⁴morphememɒ³³morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.39
Sani [Nyi]n̩⁵⁵morpheme ne³³ ‘countenance’Wu 84: 85.2
Sani [Nyi]ɕe⁴⁴morpheme ne⁴⁴ tsʰɿ³³morpheme ‘ankle’Ma 89 SanQ: 338.1
Sani [Nyi]ɕe⁴⁴morphemene⁴⁴tshi³³morpheme ‘ankle’Chen 86 Yi: 6.2.5
Yi (Sani)ɕe⁴⁴morphemene⁴⁴tshz̩³³morpheme n‘ankle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0104.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish103

Akhamyaˆ naˆmorpheme n‘pupil of eye’Akha naˆ = BLACK.Lewis 68 AEDc: p. 322
Akhamyaˆ nuiˆmorpheme myaˆ naˆmorpheme n‘pupil of eye’Lewis 68 AEDc: p. 322
Akhamyaˆ shehˆmorpheme la˰morpheme oˆmorpheme tiˆmorpheme ‘eyelash’Matisoff 87 BP
Akhamyaˆ shehˆmorpheme la˰morpheme taˆmorpheme tiˆmorpheme ‘eyebrow’Matisoff 87 BP
Akhaəprefix◦nyi ‘eye’Benedict 72 STC: 29n93
Bisumɛ◦pɔmorpheme ‘blind’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 38
Hani (Dazhai)(mja̱³³)mja̱³³xɔ³³morpheme ‘eyelash’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Dazhai)mja̱³³ be̱³¹morpheme ‘blind person’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Dazhai)mja̱³³be̱³¹morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.31
Hani (Lüchun)mja̱³³be̱³¹morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.41
Hani (Lüchun)mja̱³³bje̱³¹morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.41
Hani (Caiyuan)ma̱³³ kʰe̱³³morpheme ‘blind person’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Caiyuan)ma̱³³khe̱³³morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.30
Hani (Gelanghe)mja̱³³ bɛ̱³¹morpheme ‘blind person’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Gelanghe)mja̱³³ ɕɛ̱³³morpheme ‘eyebrow’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)ma³³ pi̱³¹morpheme ‘blind person’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)ma³³pi̱³¹morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.32
Hani (Mojiang)ma³³pi̱³¹morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.42
Hani (Mojiang)ma³³pi̱³¹morphemepi̱³¹morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.42
Côông [Phunoi]amorpheme◦bja³¹ pomorpheme ‘blind’Ferlus 91: 3.4.10
Côông [Phunoi]ʔã#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ bi̥a pɔ̀morpheme (bêmorpheme chôˋmorpheme) ‘blind’Matisoff 87 BP
Pyenmi33 khan31morpheme ‘secretion in the eye’Shintani 09 Pyen: 131054
Ugongɲɔʔ khlɪ́morpheme ‘eye sand’Bradley 93 Ugo: 3.4.7
Ugongɲɔʔ◦(kɔŋ)phlɔ/phɔ̌ ‘white of eye’also contains *plumorpheme · morphemeBradley 93 Ugo: 3.4.2.3
Ugongɲɔʔ◦kɔŋmorpheme ‘eye’Bradley 93 Ugo: 3.4
Ugongɲɔʔ◦sə̩́kméŋmorpheme ‘eyelash’Bradley 93 Ugo: 3.4.4

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish20

Azhakɔ²²morphemenɛ³³sʌ²²morpheme ‘ankle joint’Pelkey 11 Phula: 297
Azhakɔ²²morphemenɛ³³sʌ²²morpheme ‘ankle bone’Pelkey 11 Phula: 298
Azhanɛ³³ty²²morpheme ‘eye’Pelkey 11 Phula: 255
Southern Mujiȵi³³ɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘eye’Pelkey 11 Phula: 255
Southern Mujiȵɛ²¹ta⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind (person)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 378
Southern Mujiʨʰi²²morphemeȵi³³ɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘ankle joint’Pelkey 11 Phula: 297
Southern Mujiʨʰi²²morphemeȵi³³ɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘ankle bone’Pelkey 11 Phula: 298
Pholakʰi⁵⁵morphemenɑ³³si³³morphemeti̠²³morpheme ‘ankle joint’Pelkey 11 Phula: 297
Pholakʰi⁵⁵morphemenɑ³³si³³morphemeti̠²³morpheme ‘ankle bone’Pelkey 11 Phula: 298
Pholanɑ³³tæ̠³¹morphemepʰɔ³³morpheme ‘blind (person)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 378
Pholanɑ³³tɯ³¹morpheme ‘eye’Pelkey 11 Phula: 255
Hlepho Phowanɛ²¹ɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘eye’Pelkey 11 Phula: 255
Hlepho Phowaɛ³³prefixnɛ²¹tɬa⁵⁵morpheme ‘blind (person)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 378
Hlepho Phowaʦʰɿ²¹morphemenɛ²¹ɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘ankle bone’Pelkey 11 Phula: 298
Phu Khamja³¹ ʃiʔ³⁵morpheme ‘eye’Fried 00 PhuKha
Phuzaʦʰi³¹morphemeȵi⁵⁵sɛ³³morpheme ‘ankle bone’Pelkey 11 Phula: 298

6.2Naxi54

Laze (Xiangjiao)mie˧lie˧morphemegv˧morpheme ‘daytime’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1603
Laze (Xiangjiao)mie˧tu˥morpheme ‘eyebrow’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 253
Laze (Xiangjiao)mie˧˥ ‘eye (monosyllable)’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 255
Laze (Xiangjiao)mjæ˥ɖʐɯ˥morpheme n.‘tear’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 262
Laze (Xiangjiao)mjæ˧tsɯ˥morpheme ‘eyelashes’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 252
Laze (Xiangjiao)mjæ˧ʁæ˥morpheme ‘blind person’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 747
Laze (Xiangjiao)mjɤ˧lv˥morpheme v.‘close one's eyes’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 2581
Laze (Xiangjiao)njæ˩mæ˧˥morpheme v.‘blink’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 2580
Laze (Xiangjiao)pʰv˧#1186 PTB *pluŋ ‘FACE’PLB *pluːŋ² OR *pyuːŋ² ‘FACE’mie˧ ‘face’[Source note] The presence of a rhyme /v/ in Laze remains a mystery.Michaud 06 NaLaze: 274
Na (Yongning)njæ˧bæ˥morpheme ‘tear’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njæ˧kv˩morpheme v.‘look away from’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njæ˩kwæ˧˥morpheme ‘blind person’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njæ˩qʰæ˥morpheme ‘gum in the eyes, rheum’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njɤ˧kv˩morphemenjɤ˩tsʰe˩morpheme v.‘wink’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njɤ˧lɑ˥morpheme ‘dawn, daybreak’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njɤ˧nɑ˩morpheme ‘eyeball’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njɤ˩bi˧˩morpheme ‘top eyelid’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njɤ˩qʰwɤ˧˥morpheme ‘orbit; eye socket’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)njɤ˩˧ ‘eye (monosyllable)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naximiə²¹bɚ³³morpheme nbp‘tears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0158.45
Naximiə²¹do²¹ v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.45
Naximiə²¹do⁵⁵morpheme v.‘blink / wink’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1780.45
Naximiə²¹go³³morpheme n‘blind person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0202.45
Naximiə²¹go³³morpheme v.‘blind, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1715.45
Naxi (Western)miə³¹mər⁵⁵morpheme ‘close (eyes)’He 85
Naxi (Lijiang)miə³¹məɹ⁵⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.28
Naxi (Western)miə³¹ŋgo³³morpheme ‘blind person’He 85
Naxi (Lijiang)miə³¹ŋgo³³morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.28
Naxi (Yongning)ȵɑ³³lɿ³³morphemegv³³morpheme ‘day(time)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 102.29
Naxi (Yongning)ȵɑ³¹kua¹³morpheme ‘blind person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 300.29
Naxi (Eastern)ȵɑ³¹kuɑ¹³morpheme ‘blind person’He 85

7Karenic28

Bwe (Western)ăprefix◦me³ ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Gebaɑ²prefixme³ ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦dánmorpheme N‘glasses, spectacles [lit. eye-?]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦lá̤morpheme N‘face [lit. eye-under]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦pà̤morpheme N‘cheek [lit. eye-side]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦pʰèmorpheme N‘eyelid [lit. eye-skin]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦pʰlônmorpheme N‘eyes [lit. eye-seed]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦rə̂nmorpheme N‘eyebrow [lit. eye-?]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦sʰwânmorpheme N‘eyelashes [lit. eye-feather]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mé̤◦θâmorpheme N‘eyes, area around eyes [lit. eye-seed]’Manson 10 Kayan
Pa-Omé khúmorpheme ‘smoke gets in eye’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Omɛ̀ʔ ‘eye’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Omɛʔ ‘eye (face)’Benedict 72 STC: 141n379
Pa-Omɛ̀ʔ khéʔmorpheme ‘blind; vision goes black as in’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Omɛ̀ʔ thìmorpheme ‘tear (in eye)’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Omɛ̀ʔ ʔɔ́kmorpheme ‘blind (not polite)’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-O (Northern)mɛʔ⁴ ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Pakumɛ² ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Pwo (Delta)ăprefix◦meʔ¹ ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Pwo (Delta)ə̆prefix◦mɪ¹ ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Pwo (Tenasserim)ə̆prefix◦mɪʔ² ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Sgawmɛʔ⁵ (face) ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120

9Sinitic2

Chinese (GSR #)760a ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Chinese (GSR #)760a ‘eye / eyesight’Luce 85: W.90

9.0.1Old Chinese8

Chinese (Old/Mid)mi̯ôk/mi̯uk ‘eye’Chou 72: 1036a-c
Chinese (Old)mi̯ăn ‘eye / eyesight’Luce 85: W.90
Chinese (Old)miăŋ ‘eye / face / knot in wood’Luce 85: H.120
Chinese (Old)mi̯ăŋ ‘eye’Luce 85: U.31

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #681, *s-myak ‘EYE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/681
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-681,
  title  = {{*s-myak 'EYE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #681},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/681}
}