STEDT #792

*p(r/y)a

SKIN

Reconstruction analysis

handlepyainitialpyrhymea ~ pracoverP · LT

Notes

Tamangic points to a possible connection between this etymon and the concept FLAT. Cf. Thakali (Tukche) 'plja-lɔ ‘flatten dough (with roll)’.

The allofam with medial -y- is reconstructed because of vowel fronting in several forms (Pattani, Tshona, Lepcha, Thakali). There are two possible Chinese comparanda (see below).

Chinese comparanda

膚 OC *pli̯wo, GSR #69g ‘skin’; WSC-SH:134; WHB-OC #1367; Schuessler 2007:243. Li 1971 *pjag; Baxter 1992: *prja > Mand. fū.

皮 OC *bʼiɑ, GSR #25a-c ‘skin’; WHB-OC:1057; Li 1971: *bjiar; Baxter 1992: *b(r)jaj > Mand. pí.

The form written 膚 likely reflects the Chinese root, with the form written 皮 derived from it by a prefix that voiced the labial initial (as well as by an unexplained change to the coda). The most likely prefix is *m-, which is found in a number of OC words for human body parts and is cognate to the PTB prefix *m- having a similar function. In their latest system, Baxter and Sagart reconstruct this prefix in words for ‘nose’, ‘belly’, ‘head’, and ‘right hand’, as well as ‘skin’. The OC pronunciation of 皮 can be reconstructed as *m-pra-j, with root *pra. (See Sagart & Baxter 2010.)

Ignoring the medial *-j- (whose existence in OC is increasingly discounted, and which does not correspond regularly to anything in PTB), the correspondences between the variant PTB form *pra and the OC root are regular.

ZJH

Reflexes & cognates36 reflexes · 15 subgroups

1.1.2Deng8

Idukimorpheme◦pra shregamorpheme ‘skin’Pulu 78

Iduko#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’ ko#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’◦pra ‘leather’Pulu 78

Iduko⁵⁵#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’pɹa⁵⁵ ‘skin’Sun H 91 IduQ: 8.2

Iduko⁵⁵#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’pɹɑ⁵⁵ ‘skin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 266.50

Iduko#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’◦li#562 PTB *s-lip ‘SCALE (OF FISH OR REPTILE)’PKC *hlip ‘SCAB / SCALE’PNC *lip ‘SCAB / SCALE’PTk *hlip ‘SCALE (OF FISH)’◦pra ‘scale(fish)’Pulu 78

Iduko#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’◦pra ‘bark’Pulu 78

Iduko#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’◦pra ‘skin’Pulu 78

Yiduko⁵⁵#589 PTB *kwa ‘SKIN’pɹɑ⁵⁵ n‘skin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0120.25

2.1.4Tamangish4

GurungTuh◦bi plā:bāq v‘skin’also contains *s-graw, *p(y)ikmorphemeHale 73 CSD: 03b.31

Gurung (Ghachok)ʈu#585 PTB *s-graw ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’◦hbi#590 PTB *p(y)ik ‘SKIN / PEEL’PKar *pheɁᴰ ‘BARK (n.), LEATHER, SKIN’ plaː◦baqmorpheme v.‘skin’Glover 72 GuVo: 3.B.31

Thakali (Tukche)'plja-lɔmorpheme ‘flatten dough (with roll)’Hari 71a ThVo: 7.B.1.9.2

Thakali (Tukche)ʈih#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’ 'pli-lɔ#595 PTB *s-lwa ‘SKIN’ v.‘skin’Hari 71a ThVo: 3.B.31

3.2Qiangic2

Guiqiongȵi³⁵#2538 PTB *ŋwa ‘CATTLE’ pɑ⁵⁵ pɑ⁵⁵ ‘hide / leather’Sun H 91 GuiQ

Qiang (Mawo)nə#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦ɹɑ ‘eyelid’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.4.1

3.3rGyalrongic1

Ergong (Northern)meɣ⁵³#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ pe³³ ‘eyelid’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 3.4.1

5Tujia7

Tujia (Northern)ta2morphemepa4 n.‘skin’Brassett 04 Tujia

Tujia (Northern)ta²morphemepa⁴ ‘skin’Brassett 06 Tujia: 2.1

Tujiatha⁵⁵morphemepha²¹ n‘skin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0265.49

Tujiatha⁵⁵morphemepha²¹ ‘skin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 266.38

Tujiatʰa⁵⁵morpheme pʰa²¹ ‘skin’Chen 86 TuBQ: 8.2

Tujiatʰa⁵⁵morpheme pʰa²¹ ‘hide / leather’Chen 86 TuBQ: 8.2.6

Tujia (Northern)tʰa⁵⁵morpheme pʰa²¹ ‘skin’Tian 86

6.1.1Burmish2

Burmese (Written)(pûnmorpheme-)liŋloanword-ʔəre#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’-prâ ‘foreskin’WB pûn ‘hide (v.)’; -liŋ- is a borrowing from Sanskrit lingam ‘private parts, penis’.Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)ʔəprefix-re#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’-prâ ‘skin’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1.2.2Central Loloish1

Sani [Nyi]ɪ²¹morpheme pɪ³³ qɤ⁵⁵morpheme tʂʅ³³#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’ ‘skin of belly’Wu 84: 313.4

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Akhabaq-xoq#586 PTB *s/r-kawk ⪤ *s/r-kwak ‘OUTER COVERING / SKIN / BARK / RIND’PTani *kruk ‘OUTER COVERING’ ‘skin’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 71(a)

9Sinitic1

Chinese (GSR #)bʼiɑ/bʼjie̯ ‘skin, peel, bark’Luce 85: H.125

9.0.1Old Chinese4

Chinese (Old/Mid)bʼiɑ/bʼjie̯ ‘skin’Karlgren 57 GSR: 25a-c

Chinese (Old)b(r)jaj ‘skin’Baxter 92: 1057

Chinese (Old)bʼia ‘skin, peel, bark’Luce 85: H.125

Chinese (Old)prja ‘skin (human)’Baxter 92: 1858

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)pju ‘skin’Coblin 86: 134

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Chinese (Mandarin)pʼi ‘skin’Karlgren 57 GSR: 25a-c

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #792, *p(r/y)a ‘SKIN’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/792

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-792,
  title  = {{*p(r/y)a 'SKIN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #792},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/792}
}