Animals and Animal Verbs › Animals of the Chinese Zodiac › Bovine

STEDT #2538

*ŋwa

CATTLE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleŋwainitialŋwrhymeacoverM · V

Connections

HPTB*d-ŋwa ‘goat’p. 23

Chinese comparandum

A very likely Chinese comparandum is 牛 OC *ngi̯ŭg, GSR #998a-c; Coblin 86:52 ST *ngwjəɣ > OC *ngwjəg; B & S 2011: ŋʷə {[ŋ]ʷə} (<*uvular?); Mand. niú.

Reflexes & cognates295 reflexes · 22 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanngwjəɣ ‘cattle / ox’Coblin 86: 52

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmanngwa(*B) ‘cattle / ox’Coblin 86: 53

*Tibeto-Burmanŋwa ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

*Tibeto-Burmanŋwa ‘cattle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 606

*Tibeto-Burmanŋwa ‘cattle’LaPolla 87: 28

*Tibeto-Burmanŋwa ‘cattle’Benedict 72 STC: 215

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern NagaC̥morpheme-ŋaᴮ ‘mithun’French 83: 522

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte5

Nocte³ŋa ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

Tangsa²ŋa³khamorpheme ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

Tangsa (Moshang)nga ‘buffalo’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangsa (Moshang)ŋa ‘cattle’LaPolla 87: 28

Tangsa (Moshang)ŋa ‘cattle’Benedict 72 STC: 215

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang3

Changŋʌ̂u ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

Khiamngan²ŋo̥ᴜ ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

Phomñæ³¹ ‘mithun (water buffalo)’Burling 98 Phom

1.7.3.1Jingpho14

Jingphonga ‘cattle’Coblin 86: 53

Jingphonga◦wumorpheme ‘cattle’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphonga◦wumorpheme◦lamorpheme ‘bull’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingpho²ŋa ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

Jingphoŋā ‘cattle’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 224

Jingphoŋa ‘cattle’LaPolla 87: 28

Jingphoŋa ‘cattle’Benedict 72 STC: 215

Jingphoŋā-lōi#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 075

Jingphoŋā-lōi#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 262

Jingphoŋā-ʔàn#1840 PTB *ʔan ‘STRENGTH’ n.‘young bull’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 132

Jingphoŋa³³ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.19

Jingphoŋə◦lōi#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 075

Jingphoŋə◦loi#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’LaPolla 87: 130

Jingphoŋə◦loi#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’Benedict 72 STC: 208

2.1.2.1Tibetan1

Tibetan (Xiahe)hlaŋ#3318 PTB *glaŋ ‘OX / BULLOCK / ELEPHANT’PNN *C̥-glaːŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PLB *ʔlaŋ¹/³ ‘ELEPHANT’ ŋə n‘cattle (common, male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.04

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti4

Athpare (Rai)samorpheme◦ŋgwa ‘buffalo’Ebert 97 Athpare

Athpare (Rai)samorpheme◦ŋwa ‘buffalo’Ebert 97 Athpare

Limbusaːmorpheme◦ŋwa ‘water buffalo’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Yamphusa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦ŋa n‘buffalo’Rutgers 98: 574.03

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]ŋwe ‘cattle’Li 97 Tangut: 0395

3.2Qiangic50

Ersudʒo³³morphemeŋuaʴ³³ ‘water buffalo’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 110.18

Ersuŋuaʴ³³ ‘bovine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 109.18

Ersuŋuaʴ³³ȵi⁵⁵morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.18

Guiqiongȵi³⁵ pɑ⁵⁵#792 PTB *p(r/y)a ‘SKIN’ pɑ⁵⁵#792 PTB *p(r/y)a ‘SKIN’ ‘hide / leather’Sun H 91 GuiQ

Lyuzuŋu³³mæ⁵³#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’ n‘cattle (common, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.18

Lyuzuŋu³³zu̵⁵³morpheme n‘cattle (common, male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.18

Lyuzuŋu⁵³ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.18

Lyuzuŋu⁵³ (lu̵⁵³#6068 PBod *lo ‘YEAR’) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.18

Lyuzuŋu⁵³gi⁵³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.18

Lyuzuŋu⁵³ngaʴ⁵³#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’pe³¹morpheme v‘skin (cattle)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1144.18

Muyaŋuə⁵³ (mɑ⁵³#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’) n‘cattle (common, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.15

Namuyiɣə³³ ‘bovine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 109.19

Namuyiɣə³³ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.19

Namuyizu̵⁵⁵morphemeɣə³¹ n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed, male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.46

Namuyizu̵⁵⁵morphemeɣə³¹mi⁵³#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.46

Namuyiɣə³¹ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.46

Namuyiɣə³¹ (lu̵³¹Tibetan loanwordsu̵⁵³) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.46

Namuyiɣə³¹ tɕɑ⁵⁵morphemeta⁵³morpheme n‘yoke’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0599.46

Namuyiɣə³¹hĩ⁵³morpheme n‘calf (common or bull-yak crossbreed)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0259.46

Namuyiɣə³¹mi⁵⁵#1618 PTB *mi ‘FEMALE / GIRL / FEMININE SUFFIX’PTani *mji-məː ‘WOMAN’PTani *mi-fVŋ? ‘WIFE’PLB *m(y)i-n² ‘WIFE’PL *C-mi² ‘WOMAN’PKar *hmɨᴮ ‘FEMALE, WOMAN’ n‘cattle (common, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.46

Namuyiɣə³¹tshɿ³⁵morpheme v.‘put out to pasture (cows)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1316.46

Namuyiɣə³¹ŋuo³¹morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.46

Pumi (Jiulong)kuɐ³⁵ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.10

Pumi (Lanping)dzo¹³morphemequɑ⁵⁵ n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.09

Pumi (Lanping)m̥iɑ¹³morphemequɑ⁵⁵ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.09

Pumi (Lanping)quɑ¹³mo⁵⁵morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.09

Pumi (Lanping)quɑ⁵⁵ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.09

Pumi (Lanping)quɑ⁵⁵tɑ̃u¹³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.09

Pumi (Qinghua)m̥iɑ¹³morphemequɑ⁵⁵ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.11

Pumi (Qinghua)quɑ⁵⁵ ‘bovine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 109.11

Pumi (Taoba)kuɐ⁵³ ‘bovine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 109.10

Pumi (Taoba)kuɐ⁵³lõ⁵⁵morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.10

Pumi (Taoba)tɕɨ⁵³morphemeŋuɐ³⁵ʑi³⁵morpheme ‘water buffalo’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 110.10

Qiang (Longxi)guà ‘team (of cattle)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1329

Qiang (Longxi)ŋò miàmorpheme ‘cow (female)’Evans 99 Qiang: 327

Qiang (Mawo)ŋuə n‘cattle (common, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.08

Qiang (Mawo)ŋuə ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.8

Qiang (Mianchi)ŋò ‘2d earthly branch (cow)’[Source note] calque (Evans 1999).Evans 99 Qiang: 1105

Qiang (Mianchi)ŋò ‘cow, bovine’Evans 99 Qiang: 316

Qiang (Mianchi)ŋò miàmorpheme ‘cow (female)’Evans 99 Qiang: 327

Qiang (Mianchi)ŋò ʐémorpheme ‘cow shed’Evans 99 Qiang: 696

Qiang (Mianchi)ŋò-miàmorpheme-nə́#2499 PTB *r-ni ‘RED’PLB *ʔ-ni¹ ‘RED’-kìsuffix ‘huangniu cow [cow-female-red-NOM]’Evans 99 Qiang: 318

Qiang (Taoping)zɿ³¹morphemeŋu³³ ‘bovine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 109.9

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ŋu⁵⁵ʐi⁵³morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.16

Xumiwɛ³³khuɛ⁵³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.17

Xumiwɛ³⁵ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.17

Xumiwɛ³⁵ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.17

Xumiɦuɛ³⁵ ‘bovine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 109.20

Xumiɦuɛ³⁵ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.20

3.3rGyalrongic1

Daofuŋə mɛmorpheme n‘cattle (common, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.12

4Nungic22

Anongngwa~nwa ‘cattle’Coblin 86: 53

Nungnu³¹morphemeuɑn³¹ phɯ³¹#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.21

Nungnuŋ⁵⁵morphemeŋuɑ³¹ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.21

Nungnuŋ⁵⁵morphemeŋuɑ³¹ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.21

Anongnuŋ⁵⁵morphemeŋuɑ³¹ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.44

Nungnuŋ⁵⁵morphemeŋuɑ³¹dʑɑ³¹morphemexɑm⁵⁵morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.21

Rawangnəmorpheme ŋwɑ³¹ tɕhɯm³¹morpheme ‘cowshed, ox fence’LaPolla 03: 586

Rawangŋan³¹ ʃɯ³¹#642 PTB *səw-t ‘TESTICLES / PENIS / VIRILITY / SEMEN’ ‘bull’LaPolla 03: 301

Anongŋwa ⪤ ŋa ⪤ nwa ‘cattle’Benedict 72 STC: 215

Anongŋwa~ŋa ‘cattle’LaPolla 87: 28

Dulongnuŋ⁵⁵morphemewɑ⁵³ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.20

Dulongnuŋ⁵⁵morphemewɑ⁵³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.20

Dulongnuŋ⁵⁵morphemewɑ⁵³pɑ³¹morphemetɔʔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.20

Dulongnuŋ⁵⁵morphemewɑ⁵³ɑŋ⁵⁵morphemegu⁵⁵morpheme n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.20

Dulongnuŋ⁵⁵morphemeŋwɑ⁵³ɕɑŋ⁵³morpheme n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.20

Trung [Dulong]ŋuŋmorpheme ŋua ‘cattle’Benedict 72 STC: 50n165

Trung [Dulong]ŋɯ³¹lɔ̆i⁵³#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘water buffalo’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 110.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ŋɯ³¹ lɔi⁵³#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’LaPolla 87: 130

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)lɔŋ⁵³#3318 PTB *glaŋ ‘OX / BULLOCK / ELEPHANT’PNN *C̥-glaːŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PLB *ʔlaŋ¹/³ ‘ELEPHANT’~nuŋ⁵⁵morphemeŋwɑ⁵³ ‘common cattle’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)nuŋ⁵⁵morpheme ŋwa⁵³ ‘cattle’LaPolla 87: 28

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ŋɯ³¹ lɔi⁵³#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’LaPolla 87: 130

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ŋɯ³¹lɔ̆i⁵³#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘water buffalo’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesenwa² ‘cattle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 605

6.1.1Burmish70

Achang (Lianghe)no³¹lui³¹#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘water buffalo’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Lianghe)no³¹tʂuŋ³¹morpheme ‘common cattle’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)n̥o³¹ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.28

Achang (Longchuan)no³¹ (n̥ək⁵⁵) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.28

Achang (Longchuan)n̥o³¹lɔ³¹#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.28

Achang (Longchuan)n̥o³¹tʂɔŋ³⁵morpheme n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.28

Achang (Longchuan)no³¹tʂɔŋ³⁵morpheme; kă³¹morphemetʂɔŋ³⁵morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.41

Achang (Luxi)nua⁵¹lui⁵¹#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘water buffalo’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Luxi)nua⁵¹tsɔŋ⁵¹morpheme ‘common cattle’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.29

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.29

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.29

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹ nau³¹#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ ‘milk (cow's)’Dai 89 Xian: 311

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹koʔ³⁵#6077 PTB *kwa(ŋ/k) ‘FENCE / ENCLOSURE / CIRCLE / RING’ n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.29

Achang (Xiandao)nŏ³¹lui³¹#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ n‘buffalo’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0256.29

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹lɔ³¹#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.29

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹mɔ³¹morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.29

Achang (Xiandao)no³¹nau³¹#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ n‘milk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0095.29

Bolanŏ³¹ nau³⁵#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ ‘milk (cow's)’Dai 89 Bola: 311

Bola (Luxi)nɔ³¹ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.32

Bola (Luxi)nɔ̆³¹ (tɛ̃⁵⁵morphemevɛʔ⁵⁵morpheme) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.32

Bola (Luxi)nɔ̆³¹khap⁵⁵morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.32

Bola (Luxi)nɔ̆³¹la³¹#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.32

Bola (Luxi)nɔ̆³¹lui³¹#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ n‘buffalo’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0256.32

Bola (Luxi)nɔ̆³¹tʃauŋ⁵⁵morpheme n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.32

Burmese (Rangoon)nwɑ⁵⁵ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.27

Burmese (Rangoon)nwɑ⁵⁵ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.27

Burmese (Rangoon)nwɑ⁵⁵thi⁵⁵morpheme n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.27

Burmese (Rangoon)nwɑ⁵⁵tĩ⁵⁵morphemekoʔ⁴#6077 PTB *kwa(ŋ/k) ‘FENCE / ENCLOSURE / CIRCLE / RING’ n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)nwɑ⁵⁵ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.40

Burmese (Written)nwà ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

Burmese (Written)nwâ ‘cattle’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 224

Burmese (Written)nwâ ‘bull, ox, cow’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)nwà ‘cattle’LaPolla 87: 28

Burmese (Written)nwà ‘cattle’Benedict 72 STC: 215

Burmese (Written)nwà ‘cattle’Coblin 86: 53

Burmese (Written)nwā: ‘cattle’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)nwā:◦mamorpheme ‘cow’The form is quite difficult to read in the source.Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)nwā:◦thī:morpheme ‘bull’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)nwɑ³ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.26

Burmese (Written)nwɑ³ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.26

Burmese (Written)nwɑ³ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.39

Burmese (Written)nwɑ³mɑ¹morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.26

Burmese (Written)nwɑ³no¹morpheme n‘milk (cow's)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0095.26

Burmese (Written)nwɑ³tɑŋ³morphemekup⁴morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.26

Burmese (Written)nwɑ³◦thi³morpheme n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.26

Langsu (Luxi)nuŋ³⁵ (tsəŋ³¹morpheme) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.31

Langsu (Luxi)nŭŋ³⁵khap⁵⁵morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.31

Langsu (Luxi)nŭŋ³⁵lɔi³⁵#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ n‘buffalo’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0256.31

Langsu (Luxi)nŭŋ³⁵lɔ³⁵#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.31

Leqi (Luxi)no³³ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.33

Leqi (Luxi)no³³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.33

Leqi (Luxi)nə̆³³khɔm³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.33

Leqi (Luxi)nə̆³³lo³³morpheme n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.33

Leqi (Luxi)nə̆³³lo³³#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.33

Leqi (Luxi)nə̆³³lə³³#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ n‘buffalo’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0256.33

Marmanwá ‘cattle / cow’Huziwara 08 Sak: 304-3

Maru [Langsu]nŭŋ³⁵lɔi³⁵#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘water buffalo’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 110.43

Maru [Langsu]nūŋ◦lōi#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’Weidert 87 TBTo: 239

Atsi [Zaiwa]nò ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

Atsi [Zaiwa]no²¹ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]no²¹ (tsan⁵¹morpheme) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]nŏ²¹khup⁵⁵morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]nŏ²¹lo²¹#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]nŏ²¹lui²¹#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ n‘buffalo’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0256.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]nŏ²¹lui²¹#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘water buffalo’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 110.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]no²¹phuʔ⁵¹#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]nŏ²¹tʃuŋ⁵¹morpheme n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]nŏ²¹tʃuŋ⁵¹morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]nò◦lùi#2427 PTB *lwaːy ‘BUFFALO’PNC *looy ‘BUFFALO’PTk *loj ‘WATER BUFFALO’ ‘buffalo’Weidert 87 TBTo: 239

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishnwa² ‘cattle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 240

*Loloishnwa² ‘cattle’Bradley 79 PLo: 9A

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish29

Gazhuoŋ³¹pa⁵⁵#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.47

Gazhuoŋ³¹xɤ³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.47

Nusu (Northern)nuɑ³⁵ ‘common cattle’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)nuɔ⁵⁵ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.34

Nusu (Central)nuɔ⁵⁵ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.34

Nusu (Central)nuɔ⁵⁵ nɯ³³#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ nɯ³³#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ ‘milk (cow's)’Dai 89 NusB: 311.

Nusu (Central)nuɔ⁵⁵bɔ³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.34

Nusu (Central)nuɔ⁵⁵la⁵³#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.34

Nusu (Central)nuɔ⁵⁵mi³¹morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.34

Nusu (Bijiang)nɔ⁵⁵ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.45

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)nɔ⁵⁵ nɯ³⁵#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ nɯ³¹#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ ‘milk (cow's)’Dai 89 NusA: 311.

Yi (Dafang)nɯ⁵⁵ȵi³³morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.22

Yi (Liangshan)nɔ³³ȵi³³morpheme ‘ox’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ȵi²¹mo²¹morpheme ‘cow’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ȵu³³ ‘cow; ox’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ȵɛ³⁴bu̱³³morpheme ‘cow; ox’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Nanhua)ȵi²¹ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.37

Yi (Nanhua)ȵi²¹bɯ³³morphemexi³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.37

Yi (Nanhua)ȵi²¹mo³³morphemeto³³morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.37

Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵morphemen̩²¹ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.36

Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵morphemen̩²¹by⁵⁵morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.36

Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵morphemen̩²¹lɑ²¹morphemevɪ̱³³morpheme n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.36

Yi (Wuding)ȵi³³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.38

Yi (Wuding)ȵi³³bɤ³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.38

Yi (Wuding)ȵi¹¹mu̱²morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.38

Yi (Xide)nɔ³³ȵi³³morpheme n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.35

Yi (Xide)nɔ³³ȵi³³morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.21

Yi (Xide)ȵi²¹mo²¹morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.35

Yi (Xide)ȵi³³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish72

Jinuonjo³¹pə⁴⁴morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.44

Jinuonjo⁴⁴lɔ⁴⁴#1624 PTB *la ‘MALE’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.44

Jinuonjo⁴⁴mɔ³³morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.44

Kucongnv31 ȵi33morpheme ‘ox; cattle’Dai 09 Kucong

Lahu (Lancang)nu⁵³ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.43

Lahu (Lancang)nu⁵³ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.43

Lahu (Lancang)nu⁵³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.43

Lahu (Lancang)nu⁵³khɔ⁵⁴morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.43

Lahu (Lancang)nu⁵³pɑ¹¹#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.43

Lahu (Lancang)nu⁵³qhɔ⁵⁴morphemekɔ³¹morpheme n‘ring in cow's nose used to lead it about’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0600.43

Lahu (Lancang)nu⁵³tɔ⁵³morpheme n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.43

Lahu (Black)nû ‘cattle’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 224

Lahu (Black)nû-fɨ́#2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’-qō#387 PTB *s-kawŋ ‘HOLLOW / HOLLOW OBJECT / HEAD’ ‘cow's stomach, tripe’Matisoff 88 DL: 772

Lahu (Black)nû-šɔ̄#642 PTB *səw-t ‘TESTICLES / PENIS / VIRILITY / SEMEN’ ‘bull’Matisoff 88 DL: 1225

Lahu (Black)nû-ɔ̀prefix-pā#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’-šɔ̄#642 PTB *səw-t ‘TESTICLES / PENIS / VIRILITY / SEMEN’ ‘bull’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)nu⁵³ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.33

Lahu (Yellow)ȵiu³ ‘zodiac year (Ox)’Chang 86

Lisu (Central)a¹prefix-nyi⁵ ‘ox’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixni²¹ N‘ox; cow’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixni²¹ gaʔ²¹morphemetɕɔ⁵⁵morphemephi⁵⁵morpheme ‘ox-whip’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixni²¹ tshaʔ²¹#2729 PTB *tsa ‘SALT’PKar *saᴮ ‘SALT’bɔ³³morpheme ‘salt for an ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixni²¹ ɔ⁵⁵prefixtɕhi³³#819 PTB *d-krəw ‘HORN’PLB *krəw¹ ‘HORN’PL *kro¹ ‘HORN’ ‘ox horn’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixni²¹ ɔ⁵⁵prefixtɕhi³³#819 PTB *d-krəw ‘HORN’PLB *krəw¹ ‘HORN’PL *kro¹ ‘HORN’ ‘horn of ox (also ɔ⁵⁵tʃhɿ³³)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixni²¹by³³morpheme ‘crest of an ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixni²¹hɤ³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘ox louse’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixŋaʔ²¹kɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘wild ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹ N‘ox; cow’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹ a⁵⁵prefixmɔ⁵⁵#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’ ‘ox-horse (swearing term)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹ gaʔ²¹morphemetɕɔ⁵⁵morphemephi⁵⁵morpheme ‘ox-whip’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹ tshaʔ²¹#2729 PTB *tsa ‘SALT’PKar *saᴮ ‘SALT’bɔ³³morpheme ‘salt for an ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹ ɔ⁵⁵prefixtɕhi³³#819 PTB *d-krəw ‘HORN’PLB *krəw¹ ‘HORN’PL *kro¹ ‘HORN’ ‘ox horn’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹by³³morpheme ‘crest of an ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹hɤ³³#2652 PTB *s(y)ar ‘LOUSE’PKir *seri ‘LOUSE’PLB *san¹/² ‘LOUSE’PKar *swɨNᴮ ‘LOUSE (head)’ ‘ox louse’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisukuɑ³⁵morphemedzu³³morphemeɑ⁵⁵morphemeȵi³¹ n‘yak’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.40

Lisu (Northern)la²¹#3318 PTB *glaŋ ‘OX / BULLOCK / ELEPHANT’PNN *C̥-glaːŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PLB *ʔlaŋ¹/³ ‘ELEPHANT’ni³⁵tʃhɿʔ²¹morpheme ‘green ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni²¹dzi²¹morpheme ‘ox (for use as currency in exchange)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni²¹kɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘wild bull’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni²¹li³³morphemeɣɔʔ²¹morpheme ‘ox yoke (rope connecting neck and yoke)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni²¹ʃɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘bull kept for stud’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ni³³ma²¹morphemeni²¹ N‘farming animal; farming ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuȵi³¹ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.40

Lisuȵi³¹mɑ̱³³ n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.40

Lisuɑ⁵⁵prefixȵi³¹ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.40

Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphemeȵi³¹be³³#597 PTB *(p/b)ay ‘ENCIRCLED / RINGED / STRIPED’ n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.40

Lisuɑ⁵⁵prefixȵi³¹khi³¹ n‘dung (cow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0262.40

Lisuɑ⁵⁵prefixȵi³¹zɑ³¹#1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’MesorootsPKC *θaa ‘CHILD / OFFSPRING / SON / DAUGHTER’PBG *sa ‘CHILD’Allofams1 #428 PTB *tsa-n ⪤ *za-n ‘CHILD / SON / RELATIVES’1a #1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’1b #2727 PTB *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’ n‘calf’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0259.40

Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphemeȵi³¹ɑ⁵⁵morphemetʃi³⁵#5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’MesorootsPKC *θeep ‘SUCK / SMOKE (v.)’PCN *m-tshəp ‘SUCK / KISS’PNN *CⓋ-cuːp ‘SUCK’PNN *CⓋ-cʰup ‘KISS’PLB *ʔcupᴴ ⪤ *ʔjupᴸ ⪤ *C-cupᴸ ‘SUCK / MILK’Allofams1a #5536 PTB *dz(y)wap ⪤ *ts(y)wap ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1b #5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1c #5537 PTB *dzyut ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1d #5540 PTB *tsyuk ⪤ *dzyuk ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1e #5539 PTB *dzy(ə/o)w ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’ n‘milk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0095.40

Lisu (Northern)ɕa⁵⁵morphemeŋɯ³⁵ ‘ox not being used (not tamed)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹ N‘cattle, bull; cf. a⁵⁵ni²¹’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹dzi²¹morpheme ‘ox (for use as currency in exchange)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹kɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘wild bull’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹kɔ⁵⁵morpheme ɕa⁵⁵morphemeŋɤ³⁵morpheme ‘bull not used in farming’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹li³³morphemeɣɔʔ²¹morpheme ‘ox yoke (rope connecting neck and yoke)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹ma³³morpheme ‘cow’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹ma³³morpheme za²¹morphemedzɔ³³morpheme ‘cow (that is still nursing young)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹ma³³morphememɤ⁴⁴morpheme ‘infertile cow’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹ma⁵⁵#1619 PTB *ma ‘FEMALE / MOTHER / PRINCIPAL PART / FEMININE SUFFIX’PL *C-ma³ ‘FEMALE SUFFIX’PKar *məᴮ ‘MOTHER, FEMALE (OF ANIMALS)’ji³³morpheme ‘young cow (which has not yet given birth)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹mɔ²¹#2440 PTB *maŋ ‘BIG / ELDER (BROTHER, UNCLE) / OLD’PLB *maŋ² ‘OLD (of people)’ ‘old cow’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi²¹ʃɿ⁵⁵#642 PTB *səw-t ‘TESTICLES / PENIS / VIRILITY / SEMEN’ ‘bull kept for stud’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ɲi³³ma²¹morphemeni²¹ N‘farming animal; farming ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Sani [Nyi]ŋˌ²¹ ‘castrated bull’Wu 84: 281.4

Sani [Nyi]ŋˌ²¹ o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ ‘cow's head’Wu 84: 281.5

Sani [Nyi]ŋˌ²¹ tʂʅ³³#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’ ‘cow hide’Wu 84: 281.1

Sani [Nyi]ŋˌ²¹ xɯ³³morpheme tɤ⁵⁵morpheme ‘castrate a bull’Wu 84: 281.3

Sani [Nyi]ŋˌ²¹ ɬl̩²¹morpheme ‘cow excrement’Wu 84: 280.1

Yi (Sani)ŋˌ¹¹ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.39

Yi (Sani)ŋˌ¹¹ ɬz̩¹¹morpheme n‘dung (cow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0262.39

Yi (Sani)ŋˌ¹¹bɤ³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.39

Yi (Sani)ŋˌ¹¹mɒ³³morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.39

Yi (Sani)ŋˌ¹¹pɒ⁵⁵#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.39

Yi (Sani)ŋˌ¹¹ɒ⁴⁴morphemen̩³³morpheme n‘milk (cow's)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0095.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish7

Hani (Lüchun)ȵu³¹ku̱³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.41

Hani (Lüchun)ȵu³¹pha³¹#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.41

Hani (Lüchun)ȵu⁵³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.41

Hani (Mojiang)nv̩³¹ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.42

Hani (Mojiang)nv̩³¹phɔ³¹#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.42

Hani (Mojiang)nv̩³¹ʒu⁵⁵morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.42

Mpiɲ⁴ɲo⁵ ‘cow / bull’Srinuan 76

7Karenic3

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)a³¹prefix ny³¹ tʰi⁵⁵#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘milk (cow's)’Dai 89 KarB: 328.1

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)da³¹morpheme ny³¹ tʰi⁵⁵#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘milk (cow's)’Dai 89 KarB: 328.2

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)glɔ³¹morpheme ny³¹ tʰi⁵⁵#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘milk (cow's)’Dai 89 KarB: 328

8Bai9

Bai (Dali)ngö mɔmorpheme 73 ‘cow’Dell 81: 281

Bai (Dali)ngö tomorpheme 76 ‘bull’Dell 81: 282

Bai (Jianchuan)tsə̃⁵⁵morphemeŋə⁴² n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.48

Bai (Jianchuan)tsɯ⁵⁵morphemeŋɯ⁵⁵ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.36

Bai (Jianchuan)ŋə⁴² n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.48

Bai (Jianchuan)ŋə⁴² n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.48

Bai (Jianchuan)ŋə⁴²mo³³morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.48

Bai (Jianchuan)ŋə⁴²pi⁴²morphemeɕĩ⁵⁵morphemeɲə̱²¹morpheme n‘ring in cow's nose used to lead it about’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0600.48

Bai (Jianchuan)ŋə⁴²ɣu²¹morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.48

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old)ngwjəg ‘cattle / ox’Coblin 86: 52

Chinese (Old)ngʷjɨ ‘ox’Baxter 92: 1562

Chinese (Old)ngʷjɨ ‘ox / bull / cow’Baxter 92: 795

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)ngjəu ‘ox, bull, cow’Coblin 86: 52

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2538, *ŋwa ‘CATTLE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2538

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: STC#215, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2538,
  title  = {{*ŋwa 'CATTLE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2538},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2538}
}