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Animals and Animal Verbs › Animals of the Chinese Zodiac › Bovine

STEDT #3318

*glaŋ

OX / BULLOCK / ELEPHANT

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleglaŋinitialglrhymeaŋcoverK · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Northern Naga/Konyakian*C̥-glaːŋ ‘ELEPHANT’

Lolo-Burmese*ʔlaŋ¹/³ ‘ELEPHANT’

Connections

HPTB*glaŋ ‘elephant’p. 302

Chinese comparandum

犛 OC *li̯əg, GSR #979j ‘ox’; Schuessler 2007:348; Mand. lí, máo.
needs revision ≠ glang ox

Reflexes & cognates112 reflexes · 20 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmanglaŋ ‘elephant’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 590

1.1.1.1Western Tani8

Bokarbamorpheme-laŋ laŋ-nə#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘cattle (female)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarlaŋ bumorpheme n‘cattle (common, male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.24

Bokarlaŋ nə#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ n‘cattle (common, female)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.24

Bokarlaŋ tɕinmorpheme n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.24

Bokarlaŋ-činmorpheme ‘elephant’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarlaŋ-nə#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘milch cow’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarləŋ-bumorpheme ‘common cattle’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokar Lhobalaŋ bumorpheme ‘bull’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.51

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Kokborokbɔmorpheme-lɔʔ ‘ox’Tripuri 88

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern NagaC̥prefix-glaːŋ ‘elephant’French 83: 482

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1

Khiamngan²¹lo̥n ‘buffalo’Weidert 87 TBTo: 239

1.7.3.1Jingpho1

Jingphowă⁵⁵morpheme loŋ⁵¹ n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.19

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Kanaurilaṅ n‘cow’Bailey 11

2.1.2Bodic2

Motuo Menbalaŋ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.07

Cuona Menbalaŋ⁵⁵wu³¹morpheme n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan41

Tibetan (Alike)ɣloŋ wəmorpheme tɕhəmorpheme n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.05

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hlaŋ tɕhemorpheme ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)hlaŋ womorpheme tɕemorpheme ‘elephant’Sun J 85 Amdo: 226

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)wamorpheme ɣlaŋ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ɣloŋ ŋomorpheme tɕhemorpheme ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.5

Tibetan (Batang)lõ⁵⁵ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.03

Tibetan (Batang)lõ⁵⁵mbᴜ⁵³morphemetɕhe⁵³morpheme n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.03

Tibetan (Jirel)lāngq n‘bull’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.033

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)luŋ⁵⁵bo⁵⁵morphemetɕhen⁵³morpheme ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.3

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)pa¹³morphemelɑŋ⁵⁵ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.3

Tibetan (Lhasa)laŋ⁵⁵ n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)laŋ⁵⁵ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)laŋ⁵⁵koʔ⁵³morpheme ‘bull’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)laŋ⁵⁵ko⁵²morpheme n‘cattle (common, male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)laŋ⁵⁵tɕhẽ⁵⁵morpheme ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)laŋ⁵⁵tɕhĩ⁵⁵morpheme n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.02

Tibetan (Sherpa)'pamorpheme◦lang n‘cow’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.034

Tibetan (Sherpa)lāngq n‘bull’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.033

Tibetan (Sherpa)lang◦bumorpheme n‘elephant’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.054

Tibetan (Spiti)laŋ◦domorpheme ‘ox’Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp

Tibetan (Written)bamorpheme glaŋ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.1

Tibetan (Written)bɑ́morpheme-ɣlɑŋ ‘ox / bull’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glaṅ ‘elephant’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Written)glang.pomorpheme.cemorpheme ‘elephant’Sun J 85 TbGl: 226

Tibetan (Written)glaṅ◦thugmorpheme ‘bull’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Written)glaŋ n‘cattle (common, male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.01

Tibetan (Written)glaŋ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.01

Tibetan (Written)glaŋ tɕhenmorpheme n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.01

Tibetan (Written)glaŋ tɕhenmorpheme ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.1

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ ‘ox / bullock / elephant’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ ógmorpheme-c̀ɑnmorpheme ‘bull’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ-bumorpheme ‘bullock (young)’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ-c̀ʻénmorpheme ‘elephant’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ-mo#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ ‘elephant (female)’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑ́ŋ-pomorpheme-c̀emorpheme ‘elephant (mad)’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ-pomorpheme-c̀ʻémorpheme ‘elephant’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ-pʻrúgmorpheme ‘elephant (young of one)’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)glɑŋ-túgmorpheme ‘bull’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Xiahe)hlaŋ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.04

Tibetan (Xiahe)hlaŋ ŋə#2538 PTB *ŋwa ‘CATTLE’ n‘cattle (common, male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.04

Tibetan (Xiahe)laŋ womorpheme tɕhemorpheme n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.04

2.1.3Lepcha6

Lepchabíkmorpheme◦lóng n.‘ox’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

Lepchabíkmorpheme◦lóng◦cúngmorpheme n.‘young bull’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

Lepchabímorpheme◦klóng◦bopmorpheme n.‘bullock, castrated male bovine’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

Lepchalóng n.‘ox, steer’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

Lepchalóng◦bomorpheme n.‘bull’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

Lepchalóng◦cúngmorpheme n.‘young bull’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.1.4Tamangish4

*TGTMᴮglap ‘ox’The final -p in these Tamangic forms in unexplained.Mazaudon 94 These: 190

Gurung⁴ɬaː ‘bull’Mazaudon 94 These: 190

Tamang (Risiangku)⁴klap ‘ox / bullock / steer’Mazaudon 94 These: 190

Tamang (Taglung)kʰlap ‘ox’Mazaudon 94 These: 190

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]khjwar ‘old ox’Li 97 Tangut: 1607

3.2Qiangic6

Guiqionglɑ̃⁵⁵ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.16

Lyuzulaŋ⁵³ (lu̵⁵³) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.18

Muyalɑ⁵³ (ɣu²⁴) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.15

Pumi (Jiulong)lɑ̃⁵⁵ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.10

Pumi (Lanping)lɑ̃⁵⁵ɣu⁵⁵morpheme n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.09

Qiang (Mawo)ʂə#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ (dzə#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’/ʁlɑŋ◦bumorpheme◦tɕimorpheme◦kəprefix◦ʂəmorpheme) ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.10.6

3.3rGyalrongic3

Daofutɕhəmorpheme ɣloŋ n‘buffalo’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0256.12

Daofuʁloŋ (lu)#6068 PBod *lo ‘YEAR’ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.12

Ergong (Daofu)ʔlɑŋ bəmorpheme tɕhemorpheme ɕəmorpheme ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Dai 89 Daof: 3.10.6

4Nungic3

Trung [Dulong]lɔŋ⁵³ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.46

Dulongnɯ³¹morphemelɛn⁵⁵tɕɑt⁵⁵morphemenuŋ⁵⁵morphemewɑ⁵³morpheme n‘cattle (bull-yak crossbreed)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0258.20

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)lɔŋ⁵³~nuŋ⁵⁵morphemeŋwɑ⁵³#2538 PTB *ŋwa ‘CATTLE’ ‘common cattle’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish12

Nusu (Southern)hɑ̃⁵⁵mɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘elephant’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Dafang)xɔ²¹ ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.22

Yi (Liangshan)la²¹bu³³morpheme ‘cow; ox’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)lɯ³³ ‘bull; cow; ox’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)lɯ³³ȵi²¹morpheme ‘milk, cow's’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)xo³³ ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.25

Yi (Nanhua)lo²¹bɯ̱³³morphememɑ²¹morpheme n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.37

Yi (Nanhua)xo³³ n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.37

Yi (Nanhua)xo³³ ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.24

Yi (Wuding)xu̱² n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.38

Yi (Xide)lɑ²¹bu³³morpheme n‘bull’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0260.35

Yi (Xide)lɯ³³xo³³morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish9

Lahuhɔn ‘elephant’Benedict 72 STC: 91n264

Lahu (Lancang)xɔ³³ n‘elephant’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0309.43

Lahu (Black)xɔ³³ ‘elephant’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 123.33

Lisu (Northern)la²¹dʑæʔ²¹morpheme ‘variegated ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma²¹morphememi⁴⁴#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘land ploughed with ox (that can be ploughed with ox)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)la²¹ni³⁵#2538 PTB *ŋwa ‘CATTLE’tʃhɿʔ²¹morpheme ‘green ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)la²¹næ³³#2483 PTB *s-nak ‘BLACK’PKC *nak ‘BLACK’PCN *a-njak ‘BLACK’PNN *C̥-ɲak ‘BLACK’PLB *s-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’PL *C-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’ ‘black ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)la²¹si²¹#3496 PLB *s-rwəy¹ ⪤ *s-rwe¹ ‘GOLD / YELLOW’ ‘yellow ox’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)la²¹ti⁵⁵morpheme ‘single ox (plough with one ox)’Bradley 94 Lisu

6.2Naxi9

Naxinɑ²¹morphemeɣɯ³³ n‘cattle (common)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0255.45

Naxi (Lijiang)nɑ³¹morphemeɣɯ³³ ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.28

Naxiɣɯ³³ n‘cattle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0254.45

Naxiɣɯ³³ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.45

Naxiɣɯ³³by²¹morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.45

Naxi (Lijiang)ɣɯ³³by³¹morpheme ‘enclosure’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 367.28

Naxiɣɯ³³ȵi⁵⁵#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’tv̩²¹morpheme n‘ring in cow's nose used to lead it about’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0600.45

Naxiɣɯ³³ɯe³³morpheme n‘cow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0261.45

Naxi (Yongning)ʅɿ³¹ʑi¹³morpheme ‘cattle (common)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 111.29

7Karenic3

Karenglɔ³¹ n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.50

Karenglɔ³¹a³¹morphemelɔ³¹morpheme n‘shed (cow) / fence (ox)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0503.50

Karenglɔ³¹e̱³¹#576 PTB *ya(k) ‘SHIT / FECES / DUNG / EXCREMENT’PTani *eː ‘EXCREMENT’PKC *ʔeek ‘EXCREMENT / DUNG / STOOL’PKar *ʔéq ‘EXCREMENT’PKar *Ɂeᴮ ‘DUNG, EXCREMENT’ n‘dung (cow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0262.50

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)li̯əg/lji ‘ox (long-haired)’Karlgren 57 GSR: 979j

Chinese (Old)(b)ljəg ‘yak / ox’Coblin 86: 162

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #3318, *glaŋ ‘OX / BULLOCK / ELEPHANT’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3318

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB p.302

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-3318,
  title  = {{*glaŋ 'OX / BULLOCK / ELEPHANT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3318},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3318}
}