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STEDT #2465

*muːŋ ⪤ *r/s-muːk

FOGGY / DARK / SULLEN / MENACING / THUNDER
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlemuːkprefixrinitialmrhymeuːkcoverM · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*[h]muk ‘THUNDER’PCN #262
Northern Naga/Konyakian*muk ‘THUNDER’WTF-PNN: 568

Notes

This root seems to be allofamically related to #522 PTB *s-mun DARK.

Chinese comparandum

霧 OC *mi̯ug; GSR #1109t ‘fog, mist’; B & S 2011: *kə.mok-s {kə.m(r)[o]k-s}; Mand. wù.
瞀

海 OC *χməg, GSR #947x-y ‘sea’; Schuessler 2007:270 *hmə̂ʔ; B & S 2011: *m̥ˁəʔ (dial. m̥ˁ- › x-); Mand. hǎi.
晦 OC *χmwəg, GSR #947t ‘dark, obscure, reticent; darkness; last day of moon’; Schuessler 2007:270 *hmə̂ʔ; B & S 2011: *m̥ˁək-s; Mand. huì.

冥 OC *mieng, GSR #841a ‘dark, darken’; B & S 2011: *mˁeŋ; Mand. míng.
瞑 OC *mieng ~ mien, GSR #841b ‘shut eyes, dizzy, confused’; Mand. míng.
瞢 OC *mwəng ~ mi̯ŭng, GSR #902d ‘darkened, despondent’; Mand. měng.

蒙 OC *mung, GSR #1181a ‘cover (v.)’; Schuessler 2007:380 *môŋ; B & S 2011: *mˁoŋ; Mand. méng.
矇 OC *mung, GSR #1181c ‘blind’; Schuessler 2007:380 *môŋ; B & S 2011: (*mˁoŋ); Mand. méng.

Reflexes & cognates120 reflexes · 19 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7

*Tibeto-Burmanmuːŋ ‘cloudy / dark / sullen’Chou 72: 902d
*Tibeto-Burmanmuːŋ ‘cloudy / dark’Benedict 72 STC: 362
*Tibeto-Burmanmuːŋ ⪤ r/s-muːk ‘overcast / foggy / dark / sullen’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 603
*Tibeto-Burmanr-muːk ‘fog(gy) / dark / dull’Chou 72: 947t
*Tibeto-Burmanr-muːk ‘dark / dull’Benedict 72 STC: 357

1.2.2Central Chin1

Lushai [Mizo]muːk ‘dull (color)’Benedict 72 STC: 357

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)9

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte2

Nocterangmorpheme◦mok n‘thunder’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangsa (Moshang)rongmorpheme◦muk n‘thunder’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang3

Changlongmorpheme◦mak n‘thunder’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomvangmorpheme◦mok n‘thunder’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomʒaŋ⁵⁵morphememuk³³ ‘thunder’Burling 98 Phom

1.7.3.1Jingpho12

Jingpholă³¹morphememu³¹morpheme muŋ³³ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.19
Jingphomuŋ ‘cloudy; sullen, sulky’Benedict 72 STC: 362
Jingphomuŋ³³ ‘cloudy’Liu 84
Jingphomuŋ³³ ‘cloudy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 836.47
Jingphomuʔ ‘thunder, cloudy’LaPolla 87: 89
Jingphomuʔ (high tone) ‘thunder, cloudy’Benedict 72 STC: 77n236
Jingphomuʔ⁵⁵ ‘thunder’Liu 84
Jingphomuʔ⁵⁵ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.19
Jingphomuʔ⁵⁵ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.47
Jingphomuʔ⁵⁵ a³¹morphemetʃe̱ʔ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.19
Jingphomuʔ⁵⁵ kuŋ³¹morpheme v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.19
Jingphomuʔ⁵⁵kuŋ³¹morpheme v‘thunder’Liu 84

1.7.3.2Asakian2

Sakkəmorpheme◦muʔ ‘thunder’Huziwara 08 Sak: 254
Sakkəmorpheme◦muʔ=məríŋ v‘thunder’Huziwara 08 Sak: 254a

2.1.2Bodic8

Tsangla (Central)muk◦pasuffix ‘cloud’Andvik 93: 48
Tsangla (Motuo)muk pasuffix ‘cloud’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 6.7
Tsangla (Motuo)muk⁵⁵pa⁵⁵suffix ‘cloud’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)muk⁵⁵pa⁵⁵suffix ‘fog’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)muk◦pasuffix ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.7
Tsangla (Tilang)muk-pasuffix ‘cloud’Zhang Jichuan 86

2.1.2.1Tibetan21

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)hməg-wæsuffix ‘fog’Sun J 85 Amdo: 272
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)rm̥ək kasuffix ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.5
Tibetan (Batang)m̥u⁵⁵pa⁵³suffix n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.03
Tibetan (Jirel)muk◦pāqsuffix ‘cloud’Hale 73 CSD: 01.080
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)m̥u⁵⁵pa⁵³suffix ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.3
Tibetan (Lhasa)muk⁵³pa⁵³suffix ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)muk⁵⁵pə⁵⁵suffix n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.02
Tibetan (Sherpa)muk◦pāqsuffix ‘cloud’Hale 73 CSD: 01.080
Tibetan (Written)rmu-basuffix ‘fog’LaPolla 87: 89
Tibetan (Written)rmugs-pasuffix ‘dense fog; inertness’LaPolla 87: 89
Tibetan (Written)rmugs-pasuffix ‘dense, fog’Benedict 72 STC: 110n308
Tibetan (Written)rmugs-pasuffix ‘dense fog; inertness’Benedict 72 STC: 357
Tibetan (Written)rmugs.pasuffix ‘fog’Sun J 85 TbGl: 272
Tibetan (Written)rmugs◦pasuffix n‘mist’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)smag ‘dark, darkness’Matisoff 83 TIL: 37
Tibetan (Written)smug-posuffix ‘dark red, purple-brown’LaPolla 87: 89
Tibetan (Written)smug-posuffix ‘dark red, purple-brown’Benedict 72 STC: 357

2.1.3Lepcha6

Lepchamuk ‘foggy’LaPolla 87: 89
Lepchamuk ‘foggy, misty’Benedict 72 STC: 75n231
Lepchamuk muk ‘darkness, dullness’LaPolla 87: 89
Lepchamuk muk ‘dullness, darkness’Benedict 72 STC: 357
Lepchamuk-muk ‘dullness, darkness’Benedict 72 STC: 75n231
Lepchasomorpheme muŋ (=so muk) ‘cloudy weather’Benedict 72 STC: 362

2.1.4Tamangish9

Manang (Gyaru)mɯk² sɯl²morpheme ‘fog’Nagano 84 Man: 252
Manang (Gyaru)mɯʔ² pa²suffix ‘cloud’Nagano 84 Man: 251
Manang (Prakaa)³muk◦pəsuffix ‘cloud’Hoshi 84: 0153
Manang (Prakaa)³muk◦pəsuffix ‘fog’Hoshi 84: 0154
Tamang (Sahu)muk◦pāsuffix ‘cloud’Hale 73 CSD: 01.080
Tamang (Sahu)muk◦pasuffix ‘cloud’Taylor 72 TmVo: 1.80
Thakali (Tukche)sormorpheme◦mɔ ‘fog’Hari 71a ThVo: 5.A.40

3.2Qiangic8

Muyamu⁵⁵pæ⁵³morpheme n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.15
Qiang (Longxi)dámorpheme mù̥ ‘fog’Evans 99 Qiang: 18
Qiang (Longxi)dámorpheme mù̥ ‘cloud’Evans 99 Qiang: 7
Qiang (Mianchi)dámorpheme mò ‘fog’Evans 99 Qiang: 18
Qiang (Mianchi)dámorpheme mò ‘cloud’Evans 99 Qiang: 7

3.3.1rGyalrong11

rGyalrongtaprefix rmok ‘dragon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 122.12
rGyalrongtaprefix rmok ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.12
rGyalrongtaprefix rmok kəmorpheme pamorpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.12
rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɑprefix rmok kəmorpheme pɑmorpheme v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.11
rGyalrongtaprefix rmok ‘thunder’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.51
rGyalrongtaprefix◦r mok ‘dragon’Nagano 97 GyQ: 11.10
rGBenzhentaprefix-rmok ‘dragon’Sun J 97 rGB
rGBenzhentaprefix-rmok ‘thunder’Sun J 97 rGB
rGBenzhentaprefix-rmok kəmorpheme-pamorpheme v‘thunder’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1.1Burmish7

Burmese (Written)hmûiŋ ‘very dark’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)hmuiŋ ‘dull, downcast’Benedict 72 STC: 362
Burmese (Written)muik ‘dark; ignorant’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)muik ‘dark; ignorant’Benedict 72 STC: 357

6.1.2.2Central Loloish6

Lahu (Lancang)mɔ³⁵zɔ³³mɑ³³ n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.43
Lahu (Black)mo³¹fi⁵⁴morpheme ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.33
Lahu (Yellow)mo⁷fi⁵morpheme ‘cloud’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)mo⁷tsɿ⁴morpheme ‘fog’Chang 86

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Mpimoi⁴ ‘fog’Srinuan 76

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2465, *muːŋ ⪤ *r/s-muːk ‘FOGGY / DARK / SULLEN / MENACING / THUNDER’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2465
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#357, HPTB pp. 81, 127, 289, 309, 310, 359, 360, 523
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2465,
  title  = {{*muːŋ ⪤ *r/s-muːk 'FOGGY / DARK / SULLEN / MENACING / THUNDER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2465},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2465}
}