STEDT
Natural Objects, Plants, Foods  ›  Natural Objects  ›  Weather and seasons
STEDT #2473

*r-məw

SKY / HEAVENS / CLOUDS
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handler-maprefixrinitial)mrhymeaw=(r-)mcoverM · VNLW

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*m(ə/u)k ‘CLOUD’JS-HCST: 220

Connections

HPTB*r-məw ‘sky / heavens / clouds’pp. 81, 129, 184

Notes

This etymon has an allofamic relationship with #2465 PTB *muːŋ ⪤ *r/s-muːk FOGGY / DARK / SULLEN / MENACING / THUNDER, as suggested in STC (n.236, p.77). LaPolla 1987:11 notes that evidence from Dulong supports this contention.

Reflexes & cognates832 reflexes · 28 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burman(r-)muw ‘sky, clouds, fog’Benedict 72 STC: 488
*Tibeto-Burmanr-məw ‘sky / heavens / clouds’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 602
*Tibeto-Burmanr-muw=*r-məw ⪤ *r-muuk ‘sky / cloud / fog’LaPolla 87: 89

1.1.1.1Western Tani53

Apataniǰomorpheme-múʔ ‘cloud’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniǰómorpheme-mɯ ‘cloud’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniǰomorpheme-mɯʔ~ ŋomorpheme-mɯʔ ‘cloud’Sun J 93 HCST
Apataniŋomorpheme-múʔ ‘cloud’Sun J 93 Tani
Galo`muk◦puumorpheme n.‘fog (dense)’GLDC 09 Galo

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani10

Milangaprefix◦muk ‘vapor’Tayeng 76 Mil
Milangaprefix◦muk ‘cloud’Tayeng 76 Mil

1.1.2Deng7

Darang [Taraon]a:prefix◦m ‘cloud’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹prefixm̩⁵⁵ n‘cloud’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0007.22
Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹prefixm̩⁵⁵ ‘cloud’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 6.49
Iduɑ⁵⁵prefixmu⁵⁵ ‘cloud’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 6.50
Iduɑ⁵⁵prefixmu⁵⁵ko⁵⁵morpheme ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.50
Yiduɑ⁵⁵prefixmu⁵⁵ n‘cloud’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0007.25
Yiduɑ⁵⁵prefixmu⁵⁵ko⁵⁵morpheme n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.25

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1

Yimchungrü²aprefix²mo[¹] ‘cloud’Weidert 87 TBTo: 301

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Maramkaprefix◦mau n‘rain’Marrison 67 Naga
Zemekemorpheme◦mau ‘cloud’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic3

Tangkhulmui◦ya ‘cloud’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Kokborokčəmorpheme-məy ‘cloud’Tripuri 88

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Changmügh ‘sky’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Baramaprefix◦mu ‘cloud’Kansakar 10 Baram: 48

2.1.4Tamangish28

Manang (Prakaa)³mwo ²prilo ‘thunder’Hoshi 84: 0617
Manang (Prakaa)³mwo ²yuptiː ‘rainy season’Hoshi 84: 0621
Tamang (Sahu)mu 'kumorpheme◦hruŋmorpheme-pasuffix v.‘thunder’Taylor 72 TmVo: 16.16
Tamang (Sahu)mu 'ku◦hruŋ◦pa ‘thunder’Taylor 72 TmVo: 5.49
Tamang (Sahu)mu pʰreŋ-pa v.‘thunder strike’Taylor 72 TmVo: 16.18
Thakali (Tukche)mu kuhr kuhr 'lɔ-lɔ v.‘thunder’Hari 71a ThVo

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang21

Chepangbhomhmorpheme.mus n.‘non-moving cloud’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbhoyʔmorpheme.mus n.‘swirling cloud’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbhəmʔmorpheme.mus n.‘cloud lying in valley’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangdummorpheme.dummorpheme.(mus) n.‘cloud, thick overcast’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmus n.‘cloud, fog’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmus doŋʔmorpheme- vi.‘go away (heavy cloud)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmus dəŋmorpheme- va.‘settle (mist), remain near ground, not rising to become cloud’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmus romʔmorpheme- vt.‘cover (cloud)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmus.laŋmorpheme(gəmorpheme.nimorpheme). n.‘spirit, of place of dead)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmus.mamorpheme.tiʔmorpheme n.‘cloud (of underworld); spirit (f.) of this cloud (ch.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangpomʔmorpheme.mus n.‘low covering cloud?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangromʔmorpheme.mus n.‘white cumulus cloud’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangromʔmorpheme.mus n.‘white cumulus cloud’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangrəwmorpheme.mus n.‘first thunderclouds at end of dry season’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangsumorpheme.walʔmorpheme.mus n.‘cloud (high trailing cirrus)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangʔomʔmorpheme.mus n.‘cloud cover, low cloud (without rain)’Caughley 00 Chepang

3.2Qiangic175

Ersumɛ³³dzɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.18
Ersumɛ³³ndzɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘summer’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 71.18
Ersumɛ³³tshu⁵⁵morpheme ‘winter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 73.18
Ersumɛ³³tɕo⁵⁵morpheme ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.18
Ersumɛ³³ŋa⁵⁵morpheme ‘cloudy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 836.18
Ersumɛ³³ȵi⁵⁵morpheme ‘spring’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 70.18
Ersumɛ⁵⁵əʴ⁵⁵morpheme ‘wind’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 7.18
Ersumɛ⁵⁵ɬi⁵⁵morpheme ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.18
Guiqiongmɔ̃³¹sɔ̃³¹morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.16
Guiqiongmɔ̃³¹xɔ̃³⁵morpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.16
Guiqiongmɔ̃³¹ʑyi³⁵morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.16
Guiqiongmɔ̃³⁵ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.17
Guiqiongmɔ̃³⁵lo³³morpheme ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.17
Guiqiongmɔ̃³⁵ɣa³⁵morpheme v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.16
Guiqiongmɔ̃³⁵ɣɑ³³morpheme ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.17
Guiqiongmɔ̃³⁵ɣɑ³³morpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.17
Lyuzume³³de⁵³morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.18
Lyuzume³³gi³⁵morpheme v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.18
Lyuzume³³gi³⁵ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.18
Lyuzume³³nkhu⁵³morpheme v.‘dark, get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1672.18
Lyuzume³³tshuo⁵³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.18
Lyuzume³³ŋæ⁵³morpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.18
Lyuzume³³ɬi⁵³morpheme v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.18
Lyuzume⁵³gi⁵³ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.18
Lyuzume⁵³ndze⁵³morpheme n‘summer’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0792.18
Lyuzume⁵³ȵi⁵³morpheme n‘spring (season)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0791.18
Lyuzume⁵³ȵu⁵³morpheme n‘fall / autumn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0793.18
Muya(mə⁵³ va³³morpheme prep‘under (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0727.15
Muyamə⁵³ n‘weather’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0006.15
Muyamə⁵³ rə³³morphememu⁵⁵morpheme v.‘dark, get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1672.15
Muyamə⁵³ ti⁵⁵morphemelɐ³³morpheme v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.15
Muyamə⁵³ to²⁴morphemesa³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.15
Muyamə⁵³ tə³³morphemetsɐ⁵³morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.15
Muyamə⁵³ ŋgə³³morphemedi⁵⁵morpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.15
Muyamə̱⁵³mə̱³³morpheme n‘wind’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0009.15
Muyamə⁵⁵qhɐ̱³³morpheme n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.15
Muya [Minyak]mɐ̱⁵⁵mɐ̱³³morpheme ‘wind’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 7.15
Muya [Minyak]mɯ⁵⁵ŋgo³³ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.15
Muya [Minyak]tɯ⁵⁵morphememɐ̱⁵⁵ ‘blow (of wind)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 753.15
Muya [Minyak]u³⁵tɕe⁵⁵morpheme(tɕe⁵⁵morpheme) ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.15
Namuyimu⁵⁵gu³³morpheme ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.19
Namuyimu⁵⁵gu³³morpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.19
Namuyimu⁵⁵mɛ³⁵morpheme ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.19
Namuyimu⁵⁵tshu³³morpheme ‘spring’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 70.19
Namuyimu⁵⁵tshu³³morpheme ‘winter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 73.19
Namuyimu⁵⁵ʂɿ³³morpheme ‘wind’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 7.19
Namuyimu⁵⁵ʐu³³morpheme ‘summer’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 71.19
Namuyimu⁵⁵ʐu³³morpheme ‘autumn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 72.19
Namuyimu⁵³ dʐu³⁵morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.46
Namuyimu⁵³tshu³¹morpheme n‘winter’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0794.46
Namuyimu⁵³ʐu³¹morpheme n‘summer’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0792.46
Namuyimu⁵⁵guæ³¹morpheme v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.46
Namuyimu⁵⁵mæ³¹morpheme v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.46
Pumi (Jiulong)(my¹¹) xu⁵⁵morpheme prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.10
Pumi (Jiulong)my³⁵ dɯ¹¹morphemedẽ³⁵morpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.10
Pumi (Jiulong)my³⁵ lẽ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.10
Pumi (Jiulong)my³⁵ xɑ¹¹morphemeno¹¹morpheme v.‘dark, get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1672.10
Pumi (Jiulong)my¹¹tsui¹¹morpheme de³⁵morpheme v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.10
Pumi (Jiulong)my¹¹ʐuẽ³⁵morpheme n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.10
Pumi (Jiulong)my¹¹ʐuɛ̃⁵⁵morpheme v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.10
Pumi (Lanping)mu⁵⁵mo¹³morpheme n‘wind’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0009.09
Pumi (Lanping)mɤ⁵⁵dʐõ¹³morpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.09
Pumi (Lanping)mɤ⁵⁵dʒy¹³morpheme n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.09
Pumi (Lanping)mɤ⁵⁵jẽ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.09
Pumi (Lanping)mɤ⁵⁵nõ¹³morpheme v.‘dark, get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1672.09
Pumi (Lanping)mɤ⁵⁵siɛ̃⁵⁵morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.09
Pumi (Lanping)mɤ⁵⁵ʑi⁵⁵morpheme n‘weather’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0006.09
Pumi (Lanping)mɤ⁵⁵ʒdʒu⁵⁵morpheme v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.09
Pumi (Qinghua)mu⁵⁵mo¹³morpheme ‘wind’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 7.11
Pumi (Qinghua)mɤ⁵⁵dʒy¹³morpheme ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.11
Pumi (Qinghua)mɤ⁵⁵sdʒu⁵⁵morpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.11
Pumi (Taoba)mə³⁵rẽ⁵⁵morphemetɕhã⁵³morpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.10
Pumi (Taoba)mə³⁵ruẽ⁵³ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.10
Pumi (Taoba)mə³⁵ȵi⁵⁵ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.10
Pumi (Taoba)mə⁵⁵dʐɐ³⁵morphememə⁵³morpheme ‘cloudy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 836.10
Qiang (Longxi)(mù tómorpheme) χeìmorpheme ‘in (the sky)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1069
Qiang (Longxi)mú gú ‘thunder’Evans 99 Qiang: 8
Qiang (Longxi)mú gú (gú) v.‘thunder’Evans 99 Qiang: 1791
Qiang (Longxi)mú gú dà gú v.‘thunderbolt’Evans 99 Qiang: 1789
Qiang (Longxi)mú gú qà tè v.‘thunderbolt’Evans 99 Qiang: 1789
Qiang (Longxi)mú moù ‘dark (sky)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2399
Qiang (Longxi)mù pámorpheme ‘cool (of weather)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1515
Qiang (Longxi)mú qá ‘clear (sky)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2397
Qiang (Longxi)mù tómorpheme ‘sky’Evans 99 Qiang: 1
Qiang (Longxi)mú ɕuá ‘bright (sky)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2398
Qiang (Longxi)mù ʁómorpheme ‘wind’Evans 99 Qiang: 11
Qiang (Mawo)mu tupmorpheme ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.8
Qiang (Mawo)mu ʁumorpheme ‘wind’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 7.8
Qiang (Mawo)mu ʁumorpheme pəmorpheme v.‘blow (wind)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1353.08
Qiang (Mawo)mu ʂumorpheme ‘autumn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 72.8
Qiang (Mawo)mu ʂumorpheme ‘winter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 73.8
Qiang (Mawo)mu ʑumorpheme tʃəmorpheme ‘blow (of wind)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 753.8
Qiang (Mawo)mə dzəmorpheme zdɑmorpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə dɑmorpheme ɹgu̥ə̥morpheme v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə gru̥ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə mɑmorpheme ʂqɑmorpheme ‘cloudy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 836.8
Qiang (Mawo)mə pɛmorpheme ‘cold (weather)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1063.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə rgumorpheme ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.8
Qiang (Mawo)mə rgumorpheme tʃəmorpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.8
Qiang (Mawo)mə tsamorpheme ‘spring’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 70.8
Qiang (Mawo)mə tsamorpheme ‘summer’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 71.8
Qiang (Mawo)mə tu su v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə ʂqɑmorpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə ʐguəmorpheme n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə◦smorpheme kɛmorpheme dʐuɛmorpheme v.‘dark, get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1672.08
Qiang (Mawo)mə◦χsuffix prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.08
Qiang (Mianchi)mù dè gô v.‘thunderbolt’Evans 99 Qiang: 1789
Qiang (Mianchi)mù dè gô ‘thunderbolt’Evans 99 Qiang: 9
Qiang (Mianchi)mù gómorpheme ‘thunder’Evans 99 Qiang: 8
Qiang (Mianchi)mù gó ‘thunderbolt’Evans 99 Qiang: 9
Qiang (Mianchi)mú piàmorpheme ‘sky’Evans 99 Qiang: 1
Qiang (Mianchi)mú piàmorpheme ‘weather’Evans 99 Qiang: 6
Qiang (Mianchi)mú ʂèmorpheme ‘clear (sky) [sky-good?]’Evans 99 Qiang: 2397
Qiang (Mianchi)mú ʐìmorpheme ‘dry (of weather)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1963
Qiang (Taoping)mə⁵⁵go³³ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.9
Qiang (Taoping)mə⁵⁵go³³ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.9
Qiang (Taoping)χmə³³da²⁴¹morphemepə³³morpheme ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.9
Queyu (Xinlong)mu⁵⁵ kə⁵⁵morpheme prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.13
Queyu (Xinlong)mu⁵⁵n̥ɯ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.13
Queyu (Xinlong)mu⁵⁵psue⁵⁵ v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.13
Queyu (Xinlong)mu⁵⁵rmu¹³morpheme v.‘dark, get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1672.13
Queyu (Xinlong)mu⁵⁵tso⁵⁵morpheme n‘winter’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0794.13
Queyu (Xinlong)mu⁵⁵ȵe⁵⁵morpheme n‘spring (season)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0791.13
Queyu (Xinlong)mu⁵⁵ʑe⁵⁵morpheme n‘summer’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0792.13
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]mɯ⁵⁵tsõ⁵³morpheme ‘winter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 73.16
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]mɯ⁵⁵ʑi⁵³morpheme ‘summer’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 71.16
Xumimɛ³³hũ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘dark, get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1672.17
Xumimɛ³³lyɛ⁵⁵sə̃⁵⁵khe⁵³ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.20
Xumimɛ³³lyɛ⁵⁵sɯ̃⁵⁵khe⁵³ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.20
Xumimɛ³³ri³³sɿ³³khi⁵⁵ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.17
Xumimɛ³³rɛ³⁵morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.17
Xumimɛ³³thiæ⁵⁵ prep‘under (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0727.17
Xumimɛ³³tsi³³morphemetsi⁵⁵morpheme v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.17
Xumimɛ³³ʁu³³la⁵⁵ prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.17
Xumimɛ³⁵ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.20
Zhaba (Daofu County)mo³³ku⁵⁵morpheme n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.14
Zhaba (Daofu County)mo³³tʂo⁵⁵ lɛ³³ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.14

3.3.1rGyalrong18

rGyalrong (Maerkang)(təprefix mu) kəmorpheme lɐtmorpheme v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.11
rGyalrongtəprefix mu ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.12
rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix mu kəprefix jɑmmorpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.11
rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix mu kəprefix khimorpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.11
Caodengtə́prefix-mu ‘rain’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtə́prefix-mu ‘weather’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtə́prefix-mu kɐ-lɐt v‘rain’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtə́prefix-mu kə́prefix-lopmorpheme ‘cloudy weather’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtə́prefix-mu təprefix-jəmmorpheme (~-jɐmmorpheme) ‘sunny weather’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtəprefix-mu-jrɔʔ ‘stratification of rain’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtəprefix-mu-tʃiʔ ‘rain-water’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrongtAprefix mu ‘rain’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.4
rGyalrongtAprefix mu kAprefix lopmorpheme be v.‘cloudy’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.33
rGyalrongtAprefix mu kAprefix rupmorpheme be v.‘cloudy’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.33
rGBenzhentəprefix-mu ‘rain’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic12

Nungmo⁵⁵ ɖɯŋ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.21
Nungmo⁵⁵lɑŋ³¹morpheme n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.21
Rawangmuʔ lɑŋ³¹morpheme ‘sky’LaPolla 03: 1
Anongmu⁵⁵lɑŋ³¹morpheme ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.44
Dulong(muʔ⁵⁵) mɯ³¹dɑm⁵³ prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.20
Dulong(muʔ⁵⁵)bɑŋ³¹ prep‘under (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0727.20
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)muʔ⁵⁵ ‘sky, heaven’LaPolla 87: 89
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)muʔ⁵⁵ ‘sky, heaven’LaPolla 87: 89

5Tujia40

Tujia (Northern)me2ga3ha2 expr.‘in the sky’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me2ha3 n+vt.‘thunder’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me2la1ong3 n.‘cloud’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me2ong3 n+vt.‘thunder’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me2su3morpheme vi.‘dawn’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me2ta1ce3 n.‘thunder’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me2ze3ci1ba1 n.‘heavy rain’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me2ze3tie2ba1 n.‘heavy rain’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)me²ga³ha² ‘in the sky’Brassett 06 Tujia: 1.1
Tujia (Northern)me²su³morpheme v.‘dawn’Brassett 06 Tujia: 1.1
Tujia (Northern)me²ta¹ce³ ‘thunder’Brassett 06 Tujia: 1.1
Tujia (Northern)me²ze³ci¹ba¹ ‘downpour, heavy rain’Brassett 06 Tujia: 1.1
Tujia (Southern)mɨe²¹ ‘sky’Tian 86
Tujia (Southern)mɨe²¹ɣu̵²¹ ‘thunder’Tian 86
Tujia (Southern)mɨe²¹ɣu̵²¹ v‘thunder’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)mɨe³⁵ ‘sky’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)mɨe³⁵la⁵⁵ɣũ²¹ ‘cloud’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)mɨe³⁵tha⁵⁵tshe²¹ ‘thunder’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)mɨe³⁵tse²¹ ‘rain’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)mɨe³⁵tse²¹tse²¹ v‘rain’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)mɨe³⁵ɣũ²¹ v‘thunder’Tian 86
Tujiamɯe³⁵ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.38
Tujiamɯe³⁵ka²¹ prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.49
Tujiamɯe³⁵la⁵⁵ɣoŋ²¹ n‘cloud’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0007.49
Tujiamɯe³⁵la⁵⁵ɣoŋ²¹ ‘cloud’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 6.38
Tujiamɯe³⁵tha⁵⁵tshie²¹ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.49
Tujiamɯe³⁵tha⁵⁵tshie²¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.49
Tujiamɯe³⁵tha⁵⁵tshie²¹ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.38
Tujiamɯe³⁵tsie²¹ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.49
Tujiamɯe³⁵tsie²¹morpheme ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.38
Tujiamɯe³⁵tsie²¹tsie²¹ v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.49
Tujiamɯe³⁵ɣoŋ²¹ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.38

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmeseməw² ‘sky / heavens’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 602

6.1.1Burmish108

Achang (Lianghe)mau³¹ ‘heaven’LaPolla 87: 89
Achang (Lianghe)mɑu³¹ ‘sky’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Lianghe)mɑu³¹lui³¹probable loanword ‘thunder’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Lianghe)mɑu³¹lui³¹probable loanword v‘thunder’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Lianghe)mɑu³¹wɑ⁵⁵ ‘rain’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Lianghe)mɑu³¹ȵɑu³¹morpheme ‘cloud’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)mau³¹mʐəŋ³⁵ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.28
Achang (Longchuan)mau³¹mʐəŋ³⁵ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.41
Achang (Longchuan)mau³¹mʐəŋ³⁵ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.41
Achang (Longchuan)mau³¹mʐəŋ⁵⁵ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.28
Achang (Longchuan)mau³¹tum⁵⁵; xaŋ³¹tɕin³¹ ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.41
Achang (Longchuan)mau³¹tʂau³⁵ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.28
Achang (Longchuan)mau³¹ʂaŋ³¹morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.28
Achang (Luxi)mau⁵¹ ‘sky’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)mau⁵¹ ‘heaven’LaPolla 87: 89
Achang (Luxi)mau⁵¹khɔŋ⁵¹ ‘thunder’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)mau⁵¹khɔŋ⁵¹ v‘thunder’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)mau³¹ tau³¹ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.29
Achang (Xiandao)mau³¹cau³¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.29
Bola (Luxi)(mau³¹) thai³⁵ prep‘under (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0727.32
Bola (Luxi)(mau³¹khauŋ⁵⁵) khja⁵ prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.32
Bola (Luxi)mau³¹khauŋ⁵⁵ n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.32
Bola (Luxi)mau³¹kɔn⁵⁵ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.32
Bola (Luxi)mau³¹mjaŋ⁵⁵ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.32
Bola (Luxi)mau³¹mjaŋ⁵⁵mjaŋ⁵⁵ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.32
Bola (Luxi)mau³¹pa³⁵morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.32
Bola (Luxi)mau³¹tap⁵⁵ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.32
Bola (Luxi)mau³¹ɣɔ⁵⁵ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.32
Burmese (Rangoon)mo⁵⁵lĩ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.27
Burmese (Rangoon)mo⁵⁵õ⁵³ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.27
Burmese (Rangoon)mo⁵⁵tɕhẽ⁵⁵ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.27
Burmese (Rangoon)mo⁵⁵tɕhẽ⁵⁵ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.27
Burmese (Rangoon)mo⁵⁵tɕo⁵⁵piʔ⁴ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.27
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)mo⁵⁵tɕhõ⁵⁵ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.40
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)mo⁵⁵tɕo⁵⁵ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.40
Burmese (Written)mo³ uṁ¹ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.26
Burmese (Written)mo³khjun³ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.39
Burmese (Written)mo³kro³pɑs⁴ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.26
Burmese (Written)mo³lɑŋ³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.26
Burmese (Written)muì(gh) ‘sky, clouds, rain’LaPolla 87: 89
Burmese (Written)mûigh ‘sky; rain ( = mûi )’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)muigh:◦khrui:◦khraṅ: n‘thunder’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)muigh:◦laṅ:camorpheme n‘dawn’Marrison 67 Naga
Leqi (Luxi)mou³³khuŋ³³ n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.33
Leqi (Luxi)mou³³kuːn³¹ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.33
Leqi (Luxi)mou³³kɔm³³ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.33
Leqi (Luxi)mou³³kɔm³³kum³³ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.33
Leqi (Luxi)mou³³tsaːu⁵⁵ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.33
Leqi (Luxi)tsɔ̱m⁵⁵morphememou⁵⁵ n‘cloud’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0007.33
Marmamú=krú v‘thunder’Huziwara 08 Sak: 254a
Marmamú◦grú ‘thunder’Huziwara 08 Sak: 254
Marmamú◦grú+rɔŋ ‘blue (lit. thunder-color)’Huziwara 08 Sak: 334
Marmamú◦roiʔ ‘cloud’Huziwara 08 Sak: 251
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹ po⁵⁵morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹ tsau⁵⁵ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹khuŋ⁵¹ n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹khuŋ⁵¹ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.42
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹kun⁵¹ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹mjiŋ⁵¹ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹mjiŋ⁵¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹mjiŋ⁵¹ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.42
Atsi [Zaiwa]mau²¹mjiŋ⁵¹ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.42
Atsi [Zaiwa]mu̱t⁵⁵morphememau⁵⁵ n‘cloud’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0007.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]mu̱t⁵⁵morphememau⁵⁵ ‘cloud’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 6.42

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish123

Gazhuom³¹kv̩⁵⁵ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.47
Gazhuom³¹kv⁵⁵ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.47
Gazhuom̩³¹ma²⁴morpheme ‘rain’Dai 91 TB15
Gazhuom³¹ma²⁴ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.47
Gazhuom³¹sɿ³³morpheme n‘wind’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0009.47
Gazhuom̩³¹tha³³ n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.47
Liphomɯ²¹ ‘sky’Chen 86 CS: 113.
Nasumu³³ ‘sky’Chen 86 CS: 113.
Neisumi³³ ‘sky’Chen 86 CS: 113.
Nesumu³³ ‘sky’Chen 86 CS: 113.
Nosumu³³ ‘sky’Chen 86 CS: 113.
Nusu (Bijiang)mɯ³¹gɹɯ⁵⁵ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.45
Nusu (Bijiang)mɯ³¹gɹɯ⁵⁵ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.45
Nusu (Northern)mɯ̃³¹ɑ⁵⁵ ‘sky’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)mɯ̃³¹ɑ⁵⁵gɯ³⁵ ‘thunder’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)mɯ̃³¹ɑ⁵⁵gɯ³⁵ v‘thunder’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)mɯ̃³¹ɑ⁵⁵ɹuɑ³¹ ‘rain’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)mɯ⁵³dʐɿ⁵³ ‘thunder’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)mɯ⁵⁵ ‘sky’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)mɯ⁵⁵a³¹gɹɯ⁵⁵a³¹ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.34
Nusu (Southern)mɯ⁵⁵dʐɿ⁵⁵ v‘thunder’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)mɯ⁵⁵gɹɯ⁵⁵ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.34
Nusu (Central)mɯ⁵⁵tɕu⁵⁵ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.34
Nusu (Central)mɯ⁵⁵ɣrua³³ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.34
Nusu (Southern)mɯ⁵⁵ɹo³⁵ ‘rain’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)m̩(u)³³ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.22
Yi (Dafang)m̩(u)³³dzɿ³³ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.22
Yi (Dafang)m(u)³³dzɿ³³ʈe³³ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.22
Yi (Dafang)m̩(u)³³nɒ¹³ ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.22
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³gu̱³³ ‘overhead (in the sky); sky, in the’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³ku³³ ‘thunder’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³thi³³morpheme ‘dawn; morning’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³tʂɿ⁵⁵morphemebu̱³³ ‘pre-dawn’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³vu⁵⁵ ‘sky’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³ɬi⁵⁵ ‘strike (lightning)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³ʑɿ³³morpheme ‘moon, dark of the’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³ʦɿ²¹morphemesɿ³³morpheme ‘dark (sky)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)mu³³ʦɿ̱³³ ‘lightning; thunder’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ʥɿ²¹ ‘dissipate (fog)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)mu²¹dɯ²¹ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.25
Yi (Mile)mu²¹phi³³ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.25
Yi (Mile)mu²¹zi³³mu²¹luᴀ̱⁵⁵ ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.25
Yi (Mojiang)mu³³(~tɯ²¹) ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.26
Yi (Mojiang)mu³³sᴀ̱³³sɯ̱²¹ ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.26
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹di̱²¹ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.37
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹kɯ⁵⁵ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.37
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹kɯ⁵⁵ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.37
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹kɯ⁵⁵dæ²¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.37
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹po³³ prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.37
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹the³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.37
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹ɕi³³morpheme n‘wind’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0009.37
Yi (Nanhua)mə²¹ʑi⁵⁵ v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.37
Yi (Nanhua)mɯ²¹gɯ²¹ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.24
Yi (Nanhua)mɯ²¹kɯ̱⁵⁵ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.24
Yi (Nanhua)mɯ²¹zi⁵⁵ ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.24
Yi (Nanhua)mɯ²¹ɕi³³morpheme ‘wind’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 7.24
Yi (Nanhua)mɯ³³xɯ³³morpheme; mɯ³³i³³xɯ³³ ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.24
Yi (Nanjian)m̩(u̪)²¹du̪⁵⁵ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.23
Yi (Nanjian)m̩(u̪)²¹ɣu²¹ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.23
Yi (Nanjian)m̩(u̱)²¹ɣu²¹de²¹ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.23
Yi (Nanjian)tshɑ²¹morphemem̩(u̪)⁵⁵ ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.23
Yi (Nanjian)ɑ⁵⁵prefixm̩(u̪)²¹bɑ⁵⁵ ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.23
Yi (Nanjian)ɑ⁵⁵prefixm̩(u̪)²¹ɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘wind’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 7.23
Yi (Weishan)(ɑ⁵⁵prefixm̩²¹ɕy⁵⁵morpheme) tu²¹morpheme v.‘block (the wind)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1256.36
Yi (Weishan)m̩²¹du̪⁵⁵ n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.36
Yi (Weishan)tshɿ²¹morphemem̩⁵⁵ n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵prefixm̩²¹ba²¹ v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵morphemem̩²¹thi²¹morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵morphemem̩²¹ti⁵⁵ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵prefixm̩²¹ɕy⁵⁵morpheme n‘wind’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0009.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵morphemem̩²¹ɣu²¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.36
Yi (Weishan)ʔm̩²¹ ku⁵⁵morpheme prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.36
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³dɚ̱⁵⁵ v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.38
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³dʑɑ̱² v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.38
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³kɯ¹¹ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.38
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³kɯ¹¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.38
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³the³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.38
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³thi³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.38
Yi (Xide)(mu³³vu⁵⁵) ko³³ prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.35
Yi (Xide)m(u)³³ku³³ v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.21
Yi (Xide)m̩(u)³³tsɿ̄³³ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.21
Yi (Xide)m̩(u)³³tsɿ̄³³ɬi⁵⁵ ‘flash (of lightning)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 754.21
Yi (Xide)mu³³ hɔ⁵⁵ n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.35
Yi (Xide)mu³³ku³³ v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.35
Yi (Xide)mu³³ku³³ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.35
Yi (Xide)mu³³thi³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.35
Yi (Xide)mu³³tsɿ̄³³ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.35
Yi (Xide)mu³³ŋo³³ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.35
Yi (Xide)mu³³ɬi⁵⁵ v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish116

Ahimu²¹ ‘sky’Chen 86 CS: 113.
Jinuomi³¹tha⁵⁵morpheme ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.34
Jinuomi⁴²tha⁵⁵xo⁴² n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.44
Jinuomrœ⁵⁵khy⁴⁴ n‘fog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0016.44
Jinuo (Buyuan)m̩³³thɑ⁵⁵si³¹ n‘sky, heaven’Gai 86
Jinuomɯ³³tjɐ³³ ‘cloud’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 6.34
Jinuomɹø³³tɕhy³³ ‘fog’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 12.34
Jinuo (Youle)m̥ɹø⁵⁵tɕhu⁴⁴ ‘fog’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)m̩⁴²thɑ⁵⁵ ‘rain’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)m̥⁴²thɑ⁵⁵xo⁴² v.‘rain’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)m̩⁴⁴tʃi⁴⁴ ‘thunder’Gai 86
Kucongmu31 thi31 ‘light (of the sky)’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongmu31 thɔ33 ‘thunder’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongmu31 thʌ33 kv55 ‘sky’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongmu31 tsɔ35 ‘cloud’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongmu31 tsɔ35 ‘fog’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)mu⁵³bɑ³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.43
Lahu (Lancang)mu⁵³nɑ⁵⁴morpheme v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.43
Lahu (Lancang)mv⁵³nɔ³³mɑ³³ n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.43
Lahu (Lancang)mv⁵³ti³⁵morphemepio²¹morpheme v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.43
Lahu (Lancang)mv⁵³tɔ¹¹ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.43
Lahu (Lancang)mv⁵³tɔ¹¹morphemetɔ¹¹morpheme v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.43
Lahu (Lancang)mv⁵³tɔ¹¹tɔ¹¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.43
Lahu (Black)mu⁵³nɔ³³mᴀ³³ ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.33
Lahu (Black)mu⁵³tɔ³¹ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.33
Lahu (Yellow)mv̩³ ‘sky’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)mv̩³lɔ²qu¹ ‘sky / heavens’Chang 86
Lisu (Central)(mu⁵-kwa³morpheme) ba³morpheme ‘clear (of sky)’Fraser 22
Lisumo³¹kuɑ̱³³morpheme n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.40
Lisumo³¹kuɑ⁴⁴morpheme ‘sky’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 1.27
Lisu (Northern)mu²¹gu²¹ N‘thunder’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mu²¹gu²¹ pø³⁵ ‘thunder is rolling’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mu²¹tɔ³⁵ze⁴⁴ N‘pillar supporting the sky (legendary)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)mu³-ku¹ ‘cloud’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)mu³³ku⁵⁵ N‘cloud; mist’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisumu̱³³ku⁵⁵ n‘cloud’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0007.40
Lisu (Northern)mu³³ku⁵⁵su³³ ‘disorderly cloud’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mu³³ku⁵⁵su⁵⁵ ‘spread with cloud’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisumu³¹gu³¹ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.40
Lisumu³¹gu³¹ ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.27
Lisumu³¹gu³¹morphemepe³⁵morpheme v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.40
Lisumu³¹gu³¹pe³⁵ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.40
Lisumu³¹thu³¹morphemedʑi³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.40
Lisumu⁴⁴ku⁵⁵ ‘cloud’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 6.27
Lisu (Central)mu⁵-gu⁵-pē² v.‘thunder’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)mu⁵-kwa³morpheme ‘heaven / sky’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)mu⁵-kwa³morpheme ‘sky’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)mū⁵-ti³-ti³ ‘overcast (of sky)’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹kwa³³morpheme N‘sky’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹kwa³³morpheme ba⁴⁴morpheme ‘clear sky’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹kwa³³morpheme kwa³³morpheme ‘in the sky; heaven’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹kwa³³morpheme thæ²¹morphemesi³³morpheme ‘in the sky’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɤ²¹tsha³³ba⁴⁴ ‘clear sky’Bradley 94 Lisu
Yi (Sani)m̩¹¹dv̩¹¹ n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.39
Yi (Sani)m̩¹¹dv̩¹¹ v.‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1248.39
Yi (Sani)m̩¹¹dʑe³³ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.39
Yi (Sani)m̩¹¹tsɑ⁴⁴morpheme v.‘break (thunderbolt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1247.39
Yi (Sani)m̩¹¹tɕhi³³morphemejæ³³morpheme v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.39
Yi (Sani)m̩¹¹tɕhæ³³ prep‘in (the sky)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0726.39
Yi (Sani)m̩¹¹ɬɤ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘lightning’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1606.39

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish16

Azhamʉ²² ‘sky’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1
Azhamʉ²²ŋʌ²²morpheme ‘clear (sky)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 954
Southern Mujim̩¹³(-tʰa²¹morpheme) ‘sky’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1
Southern Mujim̠̩¹³ȵɛ³³morpheme ‘wind’Pelkey 11 Phula: 7
Southern Mujim̠̩¹³ȵɛ³³morphemekʰa³³morpheme ‘(of the wind) blow’Pelkey 11 Phula: 832
Pholamɔ³³sɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘clear (sky)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 954
Pholamɔ³³ʥɨ̠²³morpheme ‘clear (sky)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 954
Pholamɔ³¹ ‘sky’morphemePelkey 11 Phula: 1
Pholamɔ³¹tʰi³¹morphemekɨ³³morphemekɨ³³morpheme ‘dawn’Pelkey 11 Phula: 69
Hlepho Phowam̩²¹kə⁵⁵morpheme ‘sky’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1
Phuzam̩³¹tʰi³³morpheme ‘sky’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1
Phuzam̩³¹tʰɛ⁵⁵morphemeɡɛ³³morpheme ‘dawn’Pelkey 11 Phula: 69
Phuzam̩³¹ʦʰɯ⁵⁵morphemedɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘clear (sky)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 954

6.2Naxi58

Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˥dy˥morpheme ‘universe’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 4
Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˥ʐu˥morphemebie˥morpheme ‘summer’[Source note] seasons consist of “heaven” and the name of the seasonMichaud 06 NaLaze: 1699
Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˧dy˧ ‘celestial family, family of sky deities’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 2
Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˧gv˧morpheme ‘thunderbolt’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 35
Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˧gv˧morpheme gv˧morpheme v.‘clap (thunder)’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 2521
Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˧tsʰy˧morphemebie˧morpheme ‘winter’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1703
Laze (Xiangjiao)mu˧tu˥ ‘heavens, sky’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3
Na (Yongning)mv˧bv˧ʐv˥ ‘dragon’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧gv#˥morpheme ‘thunderbolt’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧gɤ˧lɑ˥ ‘sky spirit’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧tsʰi#˥morpheme ‘dry season (autumn+winter)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧tsʰi˧morphemeko˩morpheme ‘dry season (autumn+winter)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧tɕi˥morpheme ‘the weather is cloudy’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧tʰv˧morpheme ‘bright: there is daylight’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧ʐe#˥morpheme ‘rain season (spring+summer)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)mv˧ʐe˧morphemeko˥morpheme ‘rain season (spring+summer)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)smv˧ʁu˥$ ‘heavens, sky’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Yongning)gv³³morpheme; mv³³gv³³morphemegv³³morpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.29
Naxi (Yongning)mu³¹tshu³¹morpheme ‘autumn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 72.29
Naxi (Yongning)mv³³bv³³ʐv⁵⁵ ‘dragon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 122.29
Naxi (Yongning)mv³³gv³³morpheme ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.29
Naxi (Yongning)mv³³thv³³morpheme ‘sunny’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 835.29
Naxi (Yongning)mv³³tshɿ³³morpheme ‘winter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 73.29
Naxi (Yongning)mv³³tɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘cloudy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 836.29
Naxi (Yongning)mv³³ʐe¹³morpheme ‘summer’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 71.29
Naximɯ³³ n‘weather’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0006.45
Naximɯ³³dzɑ³³ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.45
Naximɯ³³gv̩³³morpheme n‘thunder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0008.45
Naximɯ³³khv̩⁵⁵morpheme adv‘night, at / evening, in the’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0752.45
Naximɯ³³khv̩⁵⁵morpheme adv‘night, at’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0753.45
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³lv³³morphemelv³³morpheme ‘cloudy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 836.28
Naximɯ³³thv̩³³morpheme v.‘clear, be (weather) / sunny’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1670.45
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³thv³³morpheme ‘sunny’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 835.28
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³tshɯ³³morpheme ‘winter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 73.28
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³tshɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘autumn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 72.28
Naximɯ³³tshɿ³³morpheme n‘winter’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0794.45
Naximɯ³³tshɿ⁵⁵morpheme n‘fall / autumn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0793.45
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³ŋgv³³morpheme ‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 5.28
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³ŋgv³³morpheme v‘thunder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 755.28
Naximɯ³³ȵi²¹morpheme n‘spring (season)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0791.45
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³ȵi³¹morpheme ‘spring’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 70.28
Naximɯ³³ʐu²¹morpheme n‘summer’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0792.45
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³ʐu³¹morpheme ‘summer’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 71.28
Naxi (Lijiang)xu³¹morphememɯ³³khv⁵⁵morpheme ‘night’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 105.28

7Karenic8

Karenmo⁵⁵kho³¹da̱³¹ɤ̱⁵⁵do̱³¹ v.‘cloudy, be (sky) / overcast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1669.50
Karenmu⁵⁵kho³¹ n‘sky’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0001.50
Karenmu⁵⁵kho³¹dzu³³ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.50
Kayan (Pekon)mò N‘sky’This Pekon tone indicates a formerly checked syllable with voiceless initial, so not such a good fit for this etymon.Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mò◦kʰó̤ N‘heaven, the place where the gods and spiritual beings are [lit. sky-above]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mo◦kʰó̤◦hân◦kʰó̤ Nelab‘universe [lit. heaven-earth]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mò◦kʰó̤◦lá̤ N‘sky, space (the place of the sun, moon and stars) [lit. sky-above-under]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)mò◦lá̤ N‘sky, space, the place where the sun, moon and stars are (Birds fly here) [lit. sky-under]’Manson 10 Kayan

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2473, *r-məw ‘SKY / HEAVENS / CLOUDS’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2473
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. RJL-DPTB: 89, STC#488, STC#357, HPTB pp. 81, 129, 184
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2473,
  title  = {{*r-məw 'SKY / HEAVENS / CLOUDS'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2473},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2473}
}