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STEDT #2080

*r/s/g-wa

WATER / RAIN
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlek/r-waprefixk/rinitialwrhymeacoverL · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*ruaʔ ‘RAIN (n.)’PKC #964
Central Naga (Ao Group)*rwa/ru ‘RAIN’PCN #039

Connections

HPTB*rwa-s ‘rain’pp. 44, 387, 433
HPTB*r-wa ⪤ *s-wa ⪤ *g-wa ‘rain’pp. 127, 128, 162, 171, 173

Notes

The final stop in several Kuki-Chin languages is perhaps a reflex of suffixal *-s, although this coda is not attested otherwise.

Chinese comparandum

雨 OC *gi̯wo, GSR #100a-e; B & S 2011: *C.ɢʷa {C.ɢʷ(r)a}; Mand. yǔ.

隕/殞 OC *g’i̯wɛn, GSR #227g/h ‘drop, fall; die; overthrow, destroy’; Schuessler 2007:598 *w(r)ən(ʔ) ~ *win(ʔ); B & S 2011: *ɢʷrənʔ {[ɢ]ʷrə[n]ʔ}; Mand. yǔn.
霣 OC *g’i̯wɛn, GSR #227i ‘rain (v.), fall like rain’; Schuessler 2007:598 *w(r)ən(ʔ) ~ *win(ʔ); B & S 2011: (*ɢʷrənʔ {[ɢ]ʷrə[n]ʔ}); Mand. yǔn.

Reflexes & cognates213 reflexes · 37 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanrɣwjaɣ ‘rain’Coblin 86: 122

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmanr-wa ⪤ s-wa ⪤ g-wa ‘rain’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 618

1.1“North Assam”1

Sulung [Puroik]aŋ³³prefixpɹu⁵³ ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.52

1.1.2Deng7

Darang [Taraon]ka:ra: bommorpheme ‘light (rain)’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]ka:ra: bommorpheme ‘rain (light)’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]ka:ra:◦ja:morpheme ‘rain’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹ɹɑ⁵⁵ ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.49
Darang [Taraon]kɑ⁵⁵ɹɑ⁵⁵ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.22
Iduɑ³¹prefixɹɑ⁵⁵ ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.50

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinruaʔ n‘RAIN’VanBik 09 PKC: 964

1.2.1.1Northern Chin6

Sizangngūa ‘rain’VanBik 09 PKC: 964
Tiddimguaʔ³ ‘rain’VanBik 09 PKC: 964
Tiddimˍguaʔ n‘rain’Henderson 65 TidC

1.3.4Tangkhulic1

1.5Mikir [Karbi]2

Mikir [Karbi]arprefix◦vè ‘rain’Weidert 87 TBTo: 181
Mikir [Karbi]arprefix◦ve n‘rain’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

1.7.1.2Garo2

Garomikkamorpheme wa v.‘rain’Benedict 72 STC: 443

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1

Konyakwai n‘rain’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Pattani [Manchati]çəmorpheme◦ru ‘incessant rain’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

2.3Kiranti4

*Kirantiku/kwa ‘water’Opgenort 11 Tilung
*Kirantiwar/rwa ‘rain’Opgenort 11 Tilung
Walingtśəwa ‘water’Benedict 72 STC: 443

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti14

Athpare (Rai)cuwa◦dammorpheme ‘well (for water)’Ebert 97 Athpare
Athpare (Rai)wa ‘(water -> see cuwa)’Ebert 97 Athpare
LimbuPmorpheme-wa miːktmorpheme- vs.‘thirsty’Driem 88? LimA
Limbuwa◦hit ‘rain’Weidert 87 TBTo: 111
Limbuwɔ◦hit ‘rain’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbuwɔ◦hitʔ ‘rain’Weidert 87 TBTo: 111
Limbuʔɔ◦hit ‘rain’Weidert 87 TBTo: 111
Limbuʔɔ◦i̯tʔ ‘rain’Weidert 87 TBTo: 111

2.3.2Southern Kiranti17

Bantawahakmorpheme-numorpheme-wa ‘sweat’Matisoff 87 BP
Bantawahakmorpheme-numorpheme◦wa ‘sweat’Rai 84 BnDc: 27
Bantawahakmorpheme-numorpheme◦wa lonsmorpheme- v.t.‘sweat’Rai 84 BnDc: 28
Bantawahakmorpheme-numorpheme◦wa lontmorpheme- v.‘sweat’Rai 84 BnDc: 28
Bantawahakmorpheme◦numorpheme◦wa ‘sweat’Rai 85 BnDs
Kulungwa taymorpheme-esuffix v.‘rain [it rains]’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Dumihu ‘rain.’Driem 93 Dumi

2.3.4Western Kiranti3

Thulungwoː ‘rain’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

3.2Qiangic22

Ersuguɑ³³ ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.18
Guiqiong(tshɔ̃³¹morpheme) wi³⁵ v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.16
Pumi (Jiulong)(wi³⁵) tɕhõ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.10
Pumi (Qinghua)gui⁵⁵tʃhɑ̃u⁵⁵morpheme v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.11
Pumi (Taoba)gui⁵⁵tɕhã⁵³morpheme v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.10
Qiang (Mawo)məprefix ʁeʴ◦phumorpheme βɑmorpheme ‘raincoat (of leaves, hemp fibe’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 378.8
Queyu (Xinlong)(xi⁵⁵) lə⁵⁵morphemety¹³morpheme v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.13
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]xɯ⁵³tu⁵⁵morphemerə⁵³morpheme v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.16
Xumiɸui⁵⁵zɑ⁵⁵morpheme v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.20
Xumiɸui⁵⁵zɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.20

6.1.1Burmish36

Bola (Luxi)ɣɔ⁵⁵ v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.32
Burmese (Modern)-rwā³ v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7
Burmese (Spoken)-ywa³ v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7
Danu-ywɑ⁴ v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7
Hpun (Metjo)-wɑh¹ v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7
Lashi (Lachhe')-wɔ⁴ v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7
Lashi (Lachhe')vwɔ⁴ v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7
Leqi (Luxi)wɔː⁵³ v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.33
Atsi [Zaiwa]-wɔ² v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7
Atsi [Zaiwa]-ʀɔ² v.‘rain’Luce 85: S.7

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishr-ywa/we¹ ‘rain’Bradley 79 PLo: 324

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish20

Nusu (Northern)ɹuɑ³¹ v‘rain’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Mile)lɛ³³morpheme; xo³³ v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.25
Yi (Mojiang)ᴀ⁵⁵prefixxo³³ ‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 8.26
Yi (Nanhua)ɑ⁵⁵morphememə²¹morphemexo³³ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.37
Yi (Weishan)hɑ⁵⁵ v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵morphemem̩²¹morphemehɑ³³ n‘rain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0010.36

6.1.2.2Central Loloish14

Jinuoxo⁴² v.‘fall (rain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1719.44
Jinuoxo⁴² v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.34
Kucongzɿ31 ‘fall (of rain)’Dai 09 Kucong
Lisuzɛ³¹ v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.27

6.2Naxi9

Laze (Xiangjiao)fi˥ɖʐɯ˥ v.‘fall (rain), rain’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 2518
Na (Yongning)hi˩qʰɑ˩ ‘storm’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)hi˩qʰɑ˩ lɑ˧ ‘torrential rain, cloudburst’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Lijiang)xɯ³¹gɯ³³ v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.28

8Bai1

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old/Mid)gi̯wo/ji̯u- v‘rain upon’Karlgren 57 GSR: 100a-e

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2080, *r/s/g-wa ‘WATER / RAIN’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2080
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 127, 128, 162, 171, 173
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2080,
  title  = {{*r/s/g-wa 'WATER / RAIN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2080},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2080}
}