Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production › Movement › Movement (general)

STEDT #3569

la-y ⪤ ra

COME

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · provisional

Intermediate reconstructions

Tangkhulic*ra ‘COME’DRM#676

Connections

HPTB*la-y ‘come / arrive’pp. 165, 172, 220, 231, 484

Notes

Languages of the NE Indian areal group have an r- initial, while other languages have the lateral. In Loloish, various allofams have developed, notably the one with palatal suffix which also seems to underlie the Chinese comparandum.

Chinese comparandum

來 OC *ləg, GSR #944a-e ‘come’; Schuessler 2007:342 *rə̂k/ʔ > *rə̂; B & S 2011: *rˁək (› rˁə); Mand. lái.
賚 S342
迨 OC *d’əg, GSR #976n’ ‘come to’; Schuessler 2007:203 *lə̂ʔ; B & S 2011: *lˁəʔ; Mand. dài.

Reflexes & cognates176 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmanla-y ‘come / arrive’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 599

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)22

*Aoaprefix-ɹa Bruhn 14 PCN: II.308

Ao (Chungli)anirmorpheme-aprefix◦ru v‘bring’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)a³prefixɹu¹ v.‘come’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.308

Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦ru v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)áprefix◦rù v.‘come’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 5

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)ra v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)himorpheme◦ɹa v.‘come across at same level [came across at same level]’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)hən#7710 PCN *haːn ‘CARRY / PREGNANT / WEAR’◦əmorpheme◦ɹà v.‘bring [brought] (<'take' + SEQ + 'come')’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)kəmorpheme◦ɹa v.‘come up [came up]’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)ləmorpheme◦ɹa v.‘come down [came down]’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tshəmorpheme◦ɹa v.‘pull towards [pulled towards] ('pull' + 'come')’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tʃhamorpheme◦ɹa v.‘collect [collected] ('pick.up' + 'come')’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)za#5463 PCN *ʒa ‘GO IN / ENTER’-ɹà v.‘come in [came in] ('enter' + 'come')’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)ɹà v.‘come [came]’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagaro³- v.‘come’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Lotha Nagacómorpheme◦rò ‘come down’Acharya 75

Lotha Nagaro v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagarō◦àsuffix imperat‘come’Acharya 75

Sangtamro v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamsu#1865 PTB *g-sow ‘REAR / BEAR (child)’PCN *su(ʔ) ‘BE BORN / GIVE BIRTH’◦ro ‘birth, give’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsalo◦amorpheme v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrüaprefix◦rü v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group2

Meluriru v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyigho v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic6

*Tangkhulicra ‘come’Mortensen 12 Tk: 676

Huishukʰəmorpheme-re ‘come’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.002

Kachaikʰəmorpheme-a ‘come’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.002

Tangkhulra ‘come’Bhat 69 TNV: 86

Tangkhulra v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-ra ‘come’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.5Mikir [Karbi]2

Mikir [Karbi]lè ‘arrive, reach’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 185

Mikir [Karbi]lo ‘arrive’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Changlo v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Changlo◦ngaimorpheme v‘return (come back)’Marrison 67 Naga

3.1Tangut5

Tangut [Xixia]lho ‘come’Li 97 Tangut: 2797

Tangut [Xixia]lja ‘come’Li 97 Tangut: 3456

Tangut [Xixia]ljịj ‘arrive, come’Li 97 Tangut: 2373

Tangut [Xixia]ljɨ̣ ‘come, arrive’Li 97 Tangut: 4106

Tangut [Xixia]ljɨ̣ ‘carry, transport; come’Li 97 Tangut: 5727

3.2Qiangic27

Ersuguɑ³³#2080 PTB *r/s/g-wa ‘WATER / RAIN’PKC *ruaʔ ‘RAIN (n.)’PCN *rwa/ru ‘RAIN’lɑ⁵⁵ v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.18

Ersulɑ⁵⁵ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.18

Lyuzulæ³¹ v.‘come (future)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.18

Lyuzulæ³⁵ v.‘come (past)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.18

Lyuzuŋo³³morphemekuo⁵³morphemelæ³¹ ‘come out (past)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.18

Muyarɐ⁵³ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.15

Muyaɦæ²⁴morphemerɐ⁵³ ‘come out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.15

Muya [Minyak]ri³⁵ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.15

Pumi (Jiulong)li³⁵ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.10

Qiang (Longxi)ìprefix lò ‘enter [p-come]’Evans 99 Qiang: 1661

Qiang (Longxi)kèmorpheme-ìprefix-lò ‘enter room [room-p-come]’Evans 99 Qiang: 2072

Qiang (Longxi)lò ‘come’Evans 99 Qiang: 2130

Qiang (Longxi)màmorpheme só#230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’MesorootsPTani *viː ‘BLOOD’PKC *thii ‘BLOOD’PCN *a-(h)jəjʔ ‘BLOOD’PTk *ʃi ‘BLOOD’PNN *C̥-həːy ‘BLOOD’PNN *syi ‘BLOOD’PLB *swəy² ‘BLOOD’PKar *swiᴮ ‘BLOOD’Allofams1a #230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’1b #5485 PTB *suy ‘MARROW’ lò ‘menstruate [m-blood-come]’Evans 99 Qiang: 146.2

Qiang (Longxi)phìmorpheme sà#230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’MesorootsPTani *viː ‘BLOOD’PKC *thii ‘BLOOD’PCN *a-(h)jəjʔ ‘BLOOD’PTk *ʃi ‘BLOOD’PNN *C̥-həːy ‘BLOOD’PNN *syi ‘BLOOD’PLB *swəy² ‘BLOOD’PKar *swiᴮ ‘BLOOD’Allofams1a #230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’1b #5485 PTB *suy ‘MARROW’ lò ‘menstruate [vulva-blood-come]’Evans 99 Qiang: 146.2

Qiang (Longxi)sɨ̀morpheme lò ‘come out’Evans 99 Qiang: 1736

Qiang (Longxi)zá#1108 PTB *s-r(y)a-y/s/t ‘LAUGH’PLB *ray¹ ‘LAUGH / SMILE’-ló-zə̀morpheme múmorpheme ‘joke [laugh-come-speech]’Evans 99 Qiang: 935

Qiang (Longxi)ɦàmorpheme lò ‘descend (lò='come'?)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2466

Qiang (Mawo)homorpheme liu ‘come out (future)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.08

Qiang (Mawo)hɑmorpheme lɑ ‘come out (past)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.08

Qiang (Mawo)liu v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.08

Qiang (Mawo)ly ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.8

Qiang (Mawo)təmorpheme lɑ ‘come out (the sun)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1207.08

Qiang (Taoping)ly³³ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.9

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]le³⁵morphemelu⁵³ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.16

Xumibe³³morphemelu⁵⁵ ‘come out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.17

Xumiliu⁵⁵ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.20

Xumilu³⁵ v.‘come (future)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.17

6.1.1Burmish9

Achang (Luxi)la³¹ ‘come’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Xiandao)lɔ⁵⁵ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.29

Burmese (Rangoon)lɑ²² v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.27

Burmese (Written)lā v‘come’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)la ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Burmese (Written)la ‘come; reach in degree’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)lâ ‘come! ( interj. )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)lɑ² ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.39

Burmese (Written)lɑɑ² v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.26

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishla¹ ‘come (up)’Bradley 79 PLo: 649A

*Loloishla¹ ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish20

Gazhuoli³²³ ‘come’Dai 91 TB15

Gazhuoli³³ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.47

Nusu (Central)la³³ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.34

Nusu (Northern)lɑ³¹ ‘come’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)lɑ³⁵ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.45

Nusu (Southern)lɔ⁵⁵ ‘come’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Dafang)li²¹ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.22

Yi (Liangshan)la³³ ‘come’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ʑɿ³⁴morphemela³³ ‘come and go; interact frequently’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)du̱³³morphemelɛ³³ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.25

Yi (Mojiang)le²¹ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.26

Yi (Nanhua)le³³ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.37

Yi (Nanhua)le³³ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.24

Yi (Nanjian)lɑ⁵⁵; li⁵⁵ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.23

Yi (Weishan)la⁵⁵ v.‘come (past)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.36

Yi (Weishan)li⁵⁵ v.‘come (future)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.36

Yi (Weishan)lᴇ⁵⁵ v.‘come (imperative)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.36

Yi (Wuding)le¹¹ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.38

Yi (Xide)la³³ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.21

Yi (Xide)lɑ³³ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish39

Jinuolɔ³³ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.34

Jinuo (Youle)lɔ⁴² ‘come’Gai 86

Jinuo (Buyuan)lɔ⁴² v‘come’Gai 86

Jinuolɔ⁴² v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.44

Jinuoto⁴²#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’lɔ³³ ‘come out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.44

Kucongla31 ‘come’Dai 09 Kucong

Lahu (Lancang)lɑ³¹ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.43

Lahu (Lancang)tɔ⁵⁴#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’lɑ³¹ ‘come out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.43

Lahu (Black)la Pv‘motion toward deictic center; cisative motion’Matisoff 88 DL: 1343

Lahu (Black)lâ Pv‘non-3p benefactive particle’Matisoff 88 DL: 1347

Lahu (Black)lᴀ³¹ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.33

Lahu (Black)lᴀ³¹ ‘come (of rain, people)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.33

Lahu (Yellow)la⁵ ‘come’Chang 86

Lisu (Northern)beʔ²¹morphemela³³ V‘come out; break through’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisudo̱³³#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’lɑ³³ ‘come out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.40

Lisu (Northern)du²¹#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’la³³ ‘come in’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)dū⁵#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’-la⁴ ‘enter (come in)’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)dæ³³#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’la³³ ‘come up’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)dɔ³³#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’la³³ ‘come out’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)gi³³morphemegi³³morpheme la³³la³³ ‘come and go’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)je³³morphemela³³ ‘come to do’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)jiʔ²¹morphemela³³ V‘come back’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)kɔ⁵⁵morphemela³³ V‘come over’This compound looks like a loan from Chinese; cf. Mandarin guò lái.Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)la⁴ ‘come’Fraser 22

Lisu (Central)lá⁴ imp.‘come’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)la⁴⁴ V‘come’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)leʔ²¹morphemela³³ V‘come back; come into headlong’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)læ⁴⁴ V‘Come! (command)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)lø³⁵morphemela³³ ‘come back in escape’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisulɑ³³ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.40

Lisulɑ³³ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.27

Lisu (Central)rá⁶morpheme-lye³ ‘down, come’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)tɕhi³³morphemela³³ ‘arrive; come to’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)tʃhu³³morphemela³³ ‘come to burn’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)zæʔ²¹morphemela³³ ‘come down’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ɕɯ⁵⁵morphemela³³ V‘come down; roll’Bradley 94 Lisu

Yi (Sani)du⁴⁴#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’lɪ³³ ‘come out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1208.39

Yi (Sani)lɪ³³ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish20

Akhalá ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Akha (Thai)lá ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Akha (Yunnan)lá ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Bisulɯ ‘come’Bradley 9x Bisu

Hani (Lüchun)la⁵⁵ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.41

Hani (Pijo)lá ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Hani (Caiyuan)la⁵⁵; lɤ³³morpheme ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.30

Hani (Gelanghe)la⁵⁵ ‘come’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Wordlist)lal ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Haonilɔ⁵⁵ ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Hani (Shuikui)lɔ⁵⁵ ‘come’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 737.32

Hani (Khatu)lɔ́ ? ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Hani (Khatu)lɔ́? ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Hani (Mojiang)lɔ⁵⁵ v.‘come’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1491.42

Mpilo⁵ ‘come’Hansson 89 AHKP: 104

Mpilo⁵ ‘come (from the south, west)’Srinuan 76

Mpilɯ³ ‘come (from the north, east)’Srinuan 76

Mpitɤŋ⁶morphemelɯ³ ‘come for the first time’Srinuan 76

Pyenla45 ble45morpheme v.‘come’Shintani 09 Pyen: 242007

Silalɔ55 v.‘come’Kato 08 Lao: 291

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish21

Azhakʰa̠⁴⁵morphemelɛ²¹ ‘come up’Pelkey 11 Phula: 805

Azhalɛ²¹ ‘come’Pelkey 11 Phula: 804

Azhatʰɯ̠⁴⁵morphemelɛ²¹ ‘come down’Pelkey 11 Phula: 806

Southern Mujiljɛ³³ ‘come’Pelkey 11 Phula: 804

Southern Mujitjɛ³³morphemeljɛ³³ ‘come up’Pelkey 11 Phula: 805

Southern Mujitɯ⁵⁵morphemeljɛ³³ ‘come down’Pelkey 11 Phula: 806

Pholalɨ³³ ‘come’Pelkey 11 Phula: 804

Pholaqɑ⁵⁵morphemelɨ³³ ‘come down’Pelkey 11 Phula: 806

Pholaqɛ̠³¹morphemelɑ³³ ‘meet; come across’Pelkey 11 Phula: 771

Pholaqɛ̠³¹morphemelɨ³³ ‘meet; come across’Pelkey 11 Phula: 771

Pholatɑ³³morphemelɨ³³ ‘come up’Pelkey 11 Phula: 805

Pholatɔ³³morphemelɛ³³ ‘exit (come out)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 818

Hlepho Phowadɛ¹³morphemelɛ³³ ‘come up’Pelkey 11 Phula: 805

Hlepho Phowalɛ²¹ ‘come’Pelkey 11 Phula: 804

Hlepho Phowazɛ³³morphemelɛ²¹ ‘come down’Pelkey 11 Phula: 806

Phu Khali³¹ ‘come (back home)’Fried 00 PhuKha

Phu Khasɯ³³morpheme li³³ ‘come (down)’Fried 00 PhuKha

Phu Khasɯ³³morpheme li³³ ‘come (up)’Fried 00 PhuKha

Phuzadi⁵⁵morphemeli³³ ‘come up’Pelkey 11 Phula: 805

Phuzali³¹ ‘come’Pelkey 11 Phula: 804

Phuzatə³³morphemeli³³ ‘come down’Pelkey 11 Phula: 806

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #3569, *la-y ⪤ *ra ‘COME’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3569

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-3569,
  title  = {{*la-y ⪤ *ra 'COME'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3569},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3569}
}

*la-y ⪤ *ra