*s-r(y)a-y/s/t
Reconstruction analysis
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
Notes
This widespread root displays several types of variation. While many languages reflect a -y- medial, Lolo-Burmese seems to have metathesized the palatal element to the post-vocalic position (PLB *ray¹).
A number of Himalayan languages (Written Tibetan, Thebor, Bunan, Magar, Bahing, Khaling, and Nachereng) attest to a dental stop suffix, as do Nung and Idu. An -s suffix appears in Written Tibetan and Nachereng, while Bahing shows variation between -t and -s. It is possible that a sequence of two suffixal elements (-t-s) was involved.
An s- prefix is reflected in Bunan sred < *s-ryat and Nachereng hres.
Chinese comparandum
戲 OC *χiɑ, GSR #22b ‘to sport, joke’; Coblin 86:99 ST *xyaƚ > OC *hjarh; Schuessler 2007:526 *haih; B & S 2011: *ŋ̊ar-s {ŋ̊(r)ar-s}; Mand. xì.
嘕 C99 200b χi̯an
辴 OC *t’i̯ər, GSR #455t ‘laugh’; Schuessler 2007:184 *thrəi; Mand. chī.
辴 OC *t’i̯ən, GSR #455t ‘laugh’; Schuessler 2007:184 *thrənʔ; B & S 2011: *tʰrər; Mand. chěn.
Reflexes & cognates295 reflexes · 25 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5
1.1“North Assam”2
1.1.2Deng14
2Himalayish1
2.1.1Western Himalayish5
2.1.2.1Tibetan9
2.3Kiranti2
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti5
2.3.2Southern Kiranti8
2.3.3Central Kiranti5
2.3.4Western Kiranti6
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang2
3.1Tangut5
3.2Qiangic51
3.3.1rGyalrong15
4Nungic7
6.1Lolo-Burmese2
6.1.1Burmish40
6.1.2Loloish4
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish41
6.1.2.2Central Loloish38
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish22
6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5
6.2Naxi8
7Karenic5
Cite this entry
*s-r(y)a-y/s/t ‘LAUGH’.https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1108BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1108,
title = {{*s-r(y)a-y/s/t 'LAUGH'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1108},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1108}
}