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STEDT #1105

*m-nwi(y)-k

LAUGH
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlenwəy oinitialnwrhymeəy or *mcoverM · NLW

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*nu(u)y-I, -nuyʔ-II; hnu(u)y-I, hnuyʔ-II ‘SMILE / LAUGH’PKC #836
Central Naga (Ao Group)*m-nəj ⪤ *m-nwi ‘LAUGH / SMILE’PCN #063
Tangkhulic*nɨ ‘LAUGH / MOCK’DRM#395

Connections

HPTB*m-nwi(y)-k ‘laugh’pp. 117, 119, 197, 481

Notes

This well-established root shows variation between short and long vowels. A velar suffix is attested in several subgroups of the family.

This root is so wide-spread that it occurs even in Tujia and Karenic.

Chinese comparandum

唲 OC *ńi̯ĕg, GSR #873e ‘forced laughter, prattle’; Coblin 86: ST *mnjwɨɣ > OC *njəg; Schuessler 2007:225 *ne; B & S 2011: (*ŋe); Mand. ér.

Reflexes & cognates208 reflexes · 30 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanmnjwɨɣ ‘laugh’Coblin 86: 102

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmanm-nwi(y) ‘laugh’Coblin 86: 102
*Tibeto-Burmanm-nwi(y) v.‘laugh’French 83: 510

1NE Indian Areal Group1

1.1.2Deng1

Idunu◦gasuffix ‘smile’Pulu 78

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chinnu(u)y-I, -nuyʔ-II; hnu(u)y-I, hnuyʔ-II ‘SMILE / LAUGH’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
*Kukim-nui ‘laugh’Benedict 72 STC: 191

1.2.1.1Northern Chin9

Sizangzūmmorpheme nuī hīmorpheme ‘smile’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Thadonúi ‘smile’Thirumalai 72: 55
Thadonúuy-I, nùy-II ‘smile, laugh’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Tiddim-nuːi/ˍnuiʔ v‘laugh’Henderson 65 TidC
Tiddimnui² >morpheme nuiʔ³ ‘laugh’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Tiddimnuːi² >morpheme nui?³ v‘laugh’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1268
Tiddimnuːi²/nuiʔ³ ‘laugh’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin7

Ashonoi ‘laugh’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Ashonwɛ́i v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 13
Chinbonm̩nïⁱʔ ‘laugh’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 109
Khumipnúy ‘laugh, smile, grin’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Khumipənuⁱʔ ‘laugh’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 109
Matunïⁱ ‘laugh’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 109

1.2.2Central Chin8

Lai (Falam)hnǐi-I, hnìʔ-II ‘smile, laugh’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Lai (Hakha)nìi-I, niʔ-II ‘smile, laugh’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Lushai [Mizo]núi-I, nùih-II v‘laugh, to giggle, to smile’VanBik 09 PKC: 836

1.2.3Maraic2

Lakher [Mara]pamorpheme-hnèi ‘laugh’VanBik 09 PKC: 836
Lakher [Mara]²pəmorpheme¹hnei v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 13

1.2.4“Old Kuki”7

Kom Reminmorpheme◦rimmorpheme mənui v‘smile’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.9.4
Kom Remmə nui ‘laugh’Toba 91 KRQ: 11.9
Lamkangkʌmorpheme-pʌmorpheme-nì v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 13
Moyonnnə́ ‘laugh’Kosha 90: 11.9
Moyonnnə́ v‘smile’Kosha 90: 3.9.4

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)17

*Central Nagam-nəj ⪤ m-nwi ‘LAUGH / SMILE’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.063
*Aom-nəj ‘LAUGH / SMILE’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.255
Ao (Chungli)mə²nə² v.‘laugh, smile’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.255
Ao (Chungli)mɯ̄nɯ̄ v.‘smile’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 2
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)meni◦rammorpheme ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)(NZPprefix-) məni-mı̀suffix be v.‘humorous ('laugh' + DESID)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)məni v.‘laugh, smile [laughed, smiled]’Coupe 07 Ao
Sangtammünyü v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Sangtammünyü ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Sangtammünyü◦chosuffix v.‘laugh’Kumar 73 Sang
Sangtammünyü◦nyümorpheme ‘smile’Kumar 73 Sang
Yimchungrümüne v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrümüne◦müchihmorpheme v.‘smile’Kumar 73 Yim: 82

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group18

Chokrinyi v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Chokrinyi³¹ ‘laugh’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 11.9
Chokrinyi³¹ v‘smile’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.4
Khezhanɯ̵̀ ‘laugh’Yabu 94 Khö: 11.9
Maonü v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Melurinui v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Rengmanyü v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Sema [Sumi](aku)morpheme◦nu ‘laugh’Achumi 98: 11.9
Sema [Sumi]nui◦yamorpheme ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Sema [Sumi]nu◦mighemorpheme v‘smile’Achumi 98: 3.9.4

1.3.3Zeme Group8

Khoiraonui v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Maramnyu v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Puironmanoi v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Rongmei / Nruanghmeinui məimorpheme ‘laugh’Matisoff 94 Rong
Zemennui v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Zeme¹kemorpheme¹nui v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 13
Mziemenui v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic13

*Tangkhulicnɨ ‘laugh / mock’Mortensen 12 Tk: 395
Huishukəmorpheme-məmorpheme-nuk ‘laugh’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.135
Huishukʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-nuk ‘smile; laugh’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.080
Huishuməmorpheme-nuk-kʰemorpheme ‘mock; smile; laugh’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.108
Kachaikʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-ni ‘laugh / smile’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.318
Tangkhulmaprefix◦na v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhulmaprefix◦na ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhulnɯt ‘laugh’Bhat 69 TNV: 91
Tangkhul¹khəmorpheme¹məmorpheme¹nə v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 13
Tusomkʰamorpheme-nmorpheme-ny ‘laugh’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.330
Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-nu ‘laugh’Mortensen 12 Tk
Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-nɯ ‘laugh, mock at’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei5

Meitheimomorpheme◦monmorpheme◦nok ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheinok v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheinok◦pəsuffix ‘laugh’Singh 91 MeiQ: 11.9
Meitheinok◦pəsuffix v.‘smile’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.9.4

1.5Mikir [Karbi]4

Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦nek v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦nek ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦nèk- ⁶ ing◦nì- ‘laugh’Grüssner 79 BP: 25
Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦nek ‘laugh’Benedict 72 STC: 101n289

1.7.1Bodo-Garo2

*Barishm-ni v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 537

1.7.1.1Bodo24

Bodomini v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 13
Bodomini v‘smile’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini ‘laugh’Benedict 72 STC: 191
Bodomini ‘laugh’Coblin 86: 102
Bodomini káŋmorpheme v‘laugh’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini kukumorpheme ‘smiling, happy’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦blamorpheme ‘man with a smiling face’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦diyamorpheme ‘did not smile’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦gaglamorpheme v‘laugh with a loud voice’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦glamorpheme v‘laugh’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦gumorpheme v‘laugh much’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦haramorpheme ‘man with a smiling face’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦klabmorpheme v‘laugh’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦krumorpheme ‘smiling / happy’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦krumorpheme ‘smiling, happy’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦pamorpheme v‘smile with smn’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomini◦sludmorpheme v‘smile a little’Bhat 68 Boro
Dimasamini v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Dimasamini ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Dimasamini ‘laugh’Coblin 86: 102
Kokborokmi-ni ‘laugh’Tripuri 88
Lalung [Tiwa]mini◦nasuffix ‘laugh’Balawan 65: 38
Lalung [Tiwa]mini◦summorpheme rimorpheme◦nasuffix ‘smile’Balawan 65: 38
Mechemini v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 13

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongthimorpheme◦mini- v‘make someone smile’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern NagaC̬-ni v.‘laugh’French 83: 510

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte7

Noctengi v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Nocte¹ŋe v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 815b
Nocteŋi v‘laugh’French 83: 510
Nocteŋit v‘laugh’French 83: 510

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang9

Changñi v‘laugh’French 83: 510
Changnyi v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyakñi v‘laugh’French 83: 510
Konyaknyi v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomñi v‘laugh’French 83: 510
Phomñi⁵⁵ ‘laugh’Burling 98 Phom
Phomnyi v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Wanchoñi v‘laugh’French 83: 510
Wanchonyi v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho7

Jingphomani v‘laugh’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphomani ‘smile’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphomă³¹ni³³ v.‘laugh / smile’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1735.19
Jingphomă³¹ni³³ ‘laugh’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 717.47
Jingphomă¹ ni³³ ‘laugh’Liu 84
Jingphoməni ‘laugh’Coblin 86: 102

1.7.3.2Asakian4

Gananñi² v.‘laugh’Luce 85: L.278
Kadu (Kantu)ni² v.‘laugh’Luce 85: L.278
Sak (Bawtala)ă⁴prefixne² v.‘laugh’Luce 85: L.278
Sakaprefix◦né ‘laugh’Huziwara 08 Sak: 60

2.1.4Tamangish29

*TGTMᴬʰnet ‘laugh’Mazaudon 94 These: 592
*TGTMᴮʰnet ‘smile, laugh’Mazaudon 94 These: 594
*TGTMᴮʰɲjot ‘laugh’Mazaudon 94 These: 251
Chantyalne◦rəmorpheme-wasuffix ‘laugh / smile’Noonan 92: 11.9
Chantyalne◦rəmorpheme-wasuffix v‘smile’Noonan 92: 3.9.4
Gurung (Ghachok)ni herarramorpheme labaqmorpheme ‘smile (in friendliness, mockery)’Glover 72 GuVo: 10.B.3.13
Gurung (Ghachok)ni kʰamorpheme◦baqsuffix ‘smile / amused’Glover 72 GuVo: 10.B.3.13
Manang (Prakaa)¹ɲiː- ‘laugh’Hoshi 84: 0291a
Tamang'ŋe◦ppasuffix v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 815b
Tamang¹ŋe- v.‘laugh’Weidert 87 TBTo: 815b
Tamang (Risiangku)³tsjummorpheme ²net-pasuffix v‘smile’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.9.4
Tamang (Sahu)'ciːlemorpheme 'nyep-pasuffix v.‘smile’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.C.13
Tamang (Sahu)'ikariklemorpheme 'nyep-pasuffix v.‘smile’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.C.13
Tamang (Sahu)'nyep-pasuffix v.‘laugh’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.C.12
Tamang (Sahu)'nyet-namorpheme lamorpheme-pamorpheme adj.‘cause to laugh, to joke’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.C.12.a
Tamang (Taglung)²ɲeː-basuffix ‘laugh’Mazaudon 94 These: 594
Tamang (Taglung)ɲeː-basuffix ‘laugh’Mazaudon 94 These: 594
Thakali (Marpha)⁵⁵'⁴⁴ɲeʌː-dzimorpheme ‘laugh’Mazaudon 94 These: 594
Thakali (Tukche)ŋje-lɔmorpheme ‘laugh’Hari 71a ThVo: 10.B.3.12

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

Athpare (Rai)rett-emorpheme ‘laugh’Ebert 97 Athpare

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang11

Chepangblismorpheme-təmorpheme ŋi-sasuffix ‘smile’Caughley 72 CVoc: 10.B.3.13
Chepangni- vi.‘laugh, grin (WD)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangniʔ- vi.‘grin, giggle, smile, laugh’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangŋi-sasuffix ‘laugh’Caughley 72 CVoc: 10.B.3.12
Chepangŋiʔ- vi.‘smile, grin, laugh, giggle, twitter (as shrew)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang (Eastern)niʔ◦naʔmorpheme v‘smile’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.9.4
Chepang (Eastern)ŋiʔ◦namorpheme v‘smile’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.9.4
Chepang (Eastern)ŋiʔ◦naʔmorpheme ‘laugh’Caughley 90 CheQ: 11.9
Kham'sasmorpheme-nya ‘laugh’Watters 89 KhQ: 10.B.3.12

5Tujia10

Tujiane³³ ‘laugh’Chen 86 TuMQ: 11.9
Tujiane³³ v‘smile’Chen 86 TuMQ: 3.9.4
Tujia (Southern)ne³³ ‘laugh’Tian 86
Tujiane⁵⁵ ‘laugh’Chen 86 TuBQ: 11.9
Tujiane⁵⁵ v‘smile’Chen 86 TuBQ: 3.9.4
Tujia (Northern)ne⁵⁵ ‘laugh’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)nie4 vi.‘smile, laugh’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)nie⁴ v‘smile, laugh’Brassett 06 Tujia: 2.2
Tujiaȵie⁵³ v.‘laugh / smile’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1735.49
Tujiaȵie⁵³ ‘laugh’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 717.38

7Karenic9

*Karen (Pwo)ní' v.‘laugh’Jones 61: 798
Karenni³³ v.‘laugh / smile’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1735.50
Palaychiní v.‘laugh’Jones 61: 798
Pwo (Bassein)níʔ v.‘laugh’Jones 61: 798

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1105, *m-nwi(y)-k ‘LAUGH’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1105
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#191, HPTB pp.117, 119, 197, 481
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1105,
  title  = {{*m-nwi(y)-k 'LAUGH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1105},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1105}
}