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STEDT #1227

*mraŋ

SEE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlemraŋinitialmrrhymeaŋcoverM · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*m-raŋ ‘STARE, LOOK AT, WATCH’PCN #205

Tamangish*ᴬʰmraŋ ‘SEE’

Lolo-Burmese*mraŋ¹ ‘SEE’

Lolo-Burmese*s-mraŋ¹ ‘SHOW’

Connections

HPTB*mraŋ ‘see / look toward’pp. 37, 80, 267, 303

Chinese comparandum

望 OC *mi̯wɑng, GSR #742m ‘look from afar, look towards’; Coblin 86:129 ST *mljang > PC *mljangh; Schuessler 2007:508 *maŋᴬ; B & S 2011: *maŋ-s; Mand. wàng.
also 743d-f gr var

Reflexes & cognates169 reflexes · 24 subgroups

Ao (Chungli)repmorpheme◦rang ‘look at’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)repmorpheme◦rang ‘see’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)rɯ̄pmorpheme◦rāŋ v.‘look’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 3

Ao (Chungli)²rɯpmorpheme²raŋ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

Ao (Chungli)ɹəp²morphemeɹaŋ² v.‘look at, watch’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.205

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)ring ‘look at’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagan̩¹-rəŋ¹-i³suffix zet²morpheme- v.‘stare’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.205

Lotha Naganrüng◦isuffix zetmorpheme◦asuffix ‘stare’Murry 78: 116

Yimchungrümürüng◦khihmorpheme v.‘stare’Kumar 73 Yim: 43

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

Mikir [Karbi]kemorpheme◦làŋ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

Mikir [Karbi]lang ‘see’Marrison 67 Naga

Mikir [Karbi]làng- v.‘see / look’Grüssner 79 BP: glossary p

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Kokboroknoŋ ‘see’Tripuri 88

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa²laŋ v.‘look’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

1.7.3.1Jingpho4

Jingphomu ‘see’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphomu³¹ ‘see’Liu 84

Jingphomu³¹ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.19

Jingphomu³¹ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.47

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakɓo ‘see’Huziwara 08 Sak: 57

2.1.2Bodic1

Kaikerāng◦bo ‘see’Hale 73 CSD: 01.057

2.1.4Tamangish20

*TGTMᴬʰmraŋ ‘see’Mazaudon 94 These: 796

Gurungmro̩◦bāq v‘see’Hale 73 CSD: 10b2.14

Gurung (Ghachok)mrõ◦baqmorpheme ‘see’Glover 72 GuVo: 10.B.2.14

Gurung¹mrõ- ‘see’Mazaudon 94 These: 796

Murmimrang ‘see’Coblin 86: 129

Tamangmraŋ ‘see’Benedict 72 STC: 146

Tamang (Bagmati)mraŋ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 739

Tamang (Risiangku)¹mraŋ v‘see’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.4.9

Tamang (Risiangku)¹mraŋ ‘see’Mazaudon 94 These: 796

Tamang (Sahu)mrāng-pā v‘see’Hale 73 CSD: 10b2.14

Tamang (Sahu)mraŋ-pa v.‘see’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.B.14

Tamang (Sahu)¹mraŋ ‘appear / to see’Mazaudon 94 These: 796

Tamang (Taglung)mraŋ-ba ‘see’Mazaudon 94 These: 797

Thakalimrāng-la v‘see’Hale 73 CSD: 10b2.14

Thakalimrāng-pa ‘see’Hale 73 CSD: 01.057

Thakali (Marpha)⁵⁵'⁵⁵mraŋ-dzi ‘see’Mazaudon 94 These: 797

Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵'³³mraŋ-ba ‘see’Mazaudon 94 These: 797

Thakali (Tukche)mraŋ-lɔmorpheme ‘see’Hari 71a ThVo: 10.B.2.14

Thakali (Tukche)mraŋ-pɔmorpheme ‘see’Hari 71a ThVo: 1.57

Thakali (Tukche)²mraŋ ‘see’Mazaudon 94 These: 797

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Yakhaniːmorpheme◦maː v‘see’Kohn 90: 3.4.9

Yakhasoːʔmorpheme◦maː v‘look’Kohn 90: 3.4.9

3.2Qiangic3

Ersudzo⁵⁵morpheme ro⁵⁵ ‘look’Sun H 91 ErsQ

Muya [Minyak]kʰɯ³³tɕɔ⁵³ri⁵⁵ v.‘see / look’morpheme · morpheme · morpheme · morphemeSun H 91 MuyQ: 3.4.9

Muya [Minyak]tø⁵⁵rɔ⁵⁵ v.‘see / look’morpheme · morpheme · morpheme · morphemeSun H 91 MuyQ: 3.4.9

3.3rGyalrongic1

Ergong (Daofu)mtɕa v.‘see / look’Dai 89 Daof: 3.4.9

4Nungic14

Anongdʑɑŋ⁵⁵ ‘look, see’Sun J 88 Ano

Nungdʑɑŋ⁵⁵ʂɿ³¹morphemedʐɿ³¹morpheme v.‘let s.b. see / show’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1470.21

Anongyaŋ ‘see’Benedict 72 STC: 146

Anong (Rawang)yaŋ ‘see’Benedict 72 STC: 43n140

Nungzɑŋ³¹morphemedʑɑŋ⁵³ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.21

Anongzɑŋ³¹morphemedʑɑŋ⁵³ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.44

Dulongjɑ⁵³ v.‘let s.b. see / show’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1470.20

Dulongjɑ⁵³ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.20

Dulongjɑ⁵³ v.‘see ( a doctor)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1472.20

Trung [Dulong]ɟɑŋ⁵³ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ɟɑŋ⁵³ ‘look at’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ɟɑŋ⁵³ ‘see’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)jɑŋ⁵³ ‘look at’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)jɑŋ⁵³ ‘see’Sun H 82 Dul

5Tujia3

Tujiabo¹³ v‘see / look’Chen 86 TuMQ: 3.4.9

Tujia (Southern)bo¹³ ‘look at’Tian 86

Tujia (Southern)bo¹³ ji³⁵#1229 PTB *m-kya(ŋ/n) ‘SEE / KNOW’PTani *ken ‘KNOW’PNN *C̥-kʰyeŋ ‘KNOW’ ‘see’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesesprefix-mraŋ¹ ‘show’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 602

6.1.1Burmish34

Achang (Lianghe)mjɑŋ⁵⁵ ‘see’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)en³¹#1410 PTB *s-nyan ‘HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *ʔen ‘LOOK / BEHOLD / GLANCE’ mʐaŋ⁵⁵ ‘see’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)en³¹#1410 PTB *s-nyan ‘HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *ʔen ‘LOOK / BEHOLD / GLANCE’mʐaŋ⁵⁵ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.28

Achang (Longchuan)en³¹#1410 PTB *s-nyan ‘HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *ʔen ‘LOOK / BEHOLD / GLANCE’mʐaŋ⁵⁵ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.41

Achang (Luxi)mjaŋ³¹ ‘see’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Xiandao)mʐaŋ⁵⁵ ‘see’Dai 89 Xian: 2030

Achang (Xiandao)mʐaŋ⁵⁵ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.29

Bolamjɔ̃⁵⁵ ‘see’Dai 89 Bola: 2030

Bola (Luxi)mjɔ̃⁵⁵ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.32

Burmese (Rangoon)mjĩ²² v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)mjĩ²² ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.40

Burmese (Written)mraṅ ‘see’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)mrang ‘see’Coblin 86: 129

Burmese (Written)mraŋ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

Burmese (Written)mraŋ ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Burmese (Written)mraŋ ‘see’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)mraŋ ‘see’Benedict 72 STC: 146

Burmese (Written)mro ‘look forward to, expect’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)mrɑŋ² v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.26

Burmese (Written)mrɑŋ² ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.39

Hpun (Northern)myó ‘see’Henderson 86 Hpun

Langsu (Luxi)mjɔ̃³¹ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.31

Langsu (Luxi)mjɔʔ³¹#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’mjɔ̃³¹ v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.31

Lashimja:ŋ³¹ v.‘see’Dai 89 Lash: 3.4.9

Leqi (Luxi)mjaːŋ³¹ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.33

Leqi (Luxi)mjɔʔ³¹#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’mjaːŋ³¹ v.‘dawn (the day)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1671.33

Marmamraŋ ‘see’Huziwara 08 Sak: 57

Maru [Langsu]mjɔ̃³¹ v.‘see’Dai 89 Lang: 3.4.9

Maru [Langsu]mjɔ̃³¹ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.43

Maru [Langsu]myà v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

Atsi [Zaiwa]mjaŋ⁵¹ ‘see’Xu 84 Zaiwa

Atsi [Zaiwa]mjaŋ⁵¹ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]mjaŋ⁵¹ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]myâŋ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

6.1.2Loloish4

*Loloishsəprefix◦mraŋ¹ ‘show’Bradley 79 PLo: 762C

*Loloishʔ-mraŋ¹ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

*Loloishʔ-mraŋ¹ ‘see’Bradley 79 PLo: 596

*Loloishʔ-mraŋ¹ ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish30

Gazhuomo³²³ v.‘see’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.4.9

Gazhuomo³²³ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.47

Lalomó ‘see’Björverud 94

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)ɣʴu³¹ ‘look at’Dai 89 NusA: 2028.

Nusu (Central)ɣʴu³¹ ‘look at’Dai 89 NusB: 2028.

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)ɣʴu³¹ vʴoŋ³⁵morpheme ‘see’Dai 89 NusA: 2030.

Nusu (Central)ɣʴu³¹ vʴɔ̃³³morpheme ‘see’Dai 89 NusB: 2030.

Nusu (Southern)ɹu³¹ ‘look at’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)ɹu³¹ ‘look at’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)ɹu³¹ ‘look’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 528.45

Nusu (Central)ɹu³¹ tʰɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘see’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)ɹu³¹thɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.45

Nusu (Northern)ɹu⁵⁵ ‘look at’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Northern)ɹu⁵⁵ vɹə̃³¹morpheme ‘see’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)ɹɑ̃⁵⁵ ‘see’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Dafang)mɔ²¹ ‘see’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Dafang)mɔ²¹ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.22

Yi (Liangshan)mo³³ ‘perceive; see’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ȵɔ³³morphememo³³ ‘recognize (an object in the dark); see clearly (an object in the dark)’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ²¹morphememo³³ ‘see’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)ne̱³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ŋu³³ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.25

Yi (Mojiang)ŋɒ²¹ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.26

Yi (Nanhua)miɑ³³tə³³ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.37

Yi (Nanjian)mu⁵⁵ ‘see, perceive’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Nanjian)mu⁵⁵ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.23

Yi (Weishan)mu⁵⁵ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.36

Yi (Xide)mo³³ ‘see’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)ɣɯ²¹morpheme mo³³ ‘see, perceive’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Xide)ɣɯ²¹morphememo³³ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.35

Yi (Xide)ɣɯ²¹morphememo³³ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish14

Kucongmɔ31 ‘see’Dai 09 Kucong

*Common Lahumaw˯ [Sem:R]‘see’Bradley 79 PLo

Lahumɔ̌ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

Lahu (Lancang)mɔ⁵³dɑ²¹ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.43

Lahu (Black)ni³³#5419 PTB *ney ‘LOOK / TRY TO’PLB *ney³ ⪤ *ʔney¹ ‘LOOK / TRY’ mɔ³¹ ‘see’Chang 86

Lahu (Black)ɣᴀ³³morphememɔ³¹ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.33

Lahu (Yellow)ŋɔ³⁵morpheme mɔ³¹ ‘see’Chang 86

Lisumaw⁴ ‘see’Bradley 79 PLo: 596

Lisu (Central)maw⁴ v.‘see’Fraser 22

Lisumō v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

Lisu (Nujiang)mo³³ ‘see’Xu 86 Lisu

Lisumo³³ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.27

Lisu (Northern)mɔ⁴⁴ V‘see’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)mɔ⁴⁴le³³ ‘see; find’Bradley 94 Lisu

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish24

Akhamɔ́ v.‘see’Weidert 87 TBTo: 203

Akhamɔ́ ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Akha (Thai)mɔ́ ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Akha (Yunnan)mɔ́ ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Bisuhmjáŋ ‘see’Bradley 9x Bisu

Bisuhmjáŋ ‘see’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 34

Hani (Lüchun)mó ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Hani (Dazhai)xu³³morpheme mo⁵⁵ ‘see, perceive’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Dazhai)xu³³morphememo⁵⁵ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.31

Hani (Lüchun)mo⁵⁵ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.41

Hani (Pijo)mú ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Hani (Pijo)mú sjhymorpheme ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Hani (Caiyuan)mu⁵⁵ sv̩³³morpheme ‘see, perceive’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Caiyuan)mu⁵⁵sv̩³³ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.30

Hani (Gelanghe)xɔ³³morpheme mɔ⁵⁵ ‘see, perceive’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)fv̩³³morpheme mv̩⁵⁵ ‘see, perceive’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)fv̩³³morphememv̩⁵⁵ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.32

Hani (Wordlist)mol ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Hani (Khatu)mjú ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Hani (Mojiang)mv̩⁵⁵ v.‘see’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1471.42

Mpimjɑŋ⁵ ‘see’Hansson 89 AHKP: 268

Mpimjɑŋ⁵ ‘see’Srinuan 76

Pyenmjaŋ45 v.‘see’Shintani 09 Pyen: 132009

Silamjo55 v.‘see’Kato 08 Lao: 43

9Sinitic3

Chinese (Hanzi)望 ‘look at from a distance’BaxterSagart 2011: 2874

Chinese (Hanzi)望 ‘look at from a distance’BaxterSagart 2011: 2876

"Pre-Chinese"mljangh ‘see’Coblin 86: 129

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old/Mid)mi̯wɑng v.‘look from afar, look towards’Karlgren 57 GSR: 742m

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1227, *mraŋ ‘SEE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1227

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: STC#146

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1227,
  title  = {{*mraŋ 'SEE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1227},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1227}
}