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STEDT #1229

*m-kya(ŋ/n)

SEE / KNOW

Reconstruction analysis

handlekenprefixken ⪤initialkrhymeen ⪤ m-kcoverK · VNT

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*ken ‘KNOW’JS-HCST: 91
Northern Naga/Konyakian*C̥-kʰyeŋ ‘KNOW’

Connections

HPTB*m-kyen ‘know’pp. 291, 311

Chinese comparandum

OC *kiɑn, GSR #241a-d; Mand. jiàn.
OC *g’iɑn, GSR #241a-d; Mand. xiàn.

Reflexes & cognates103 reflexes · 20 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetankenmkyen ‘see ⪤ know’Coblin 86: 129

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)kyen ‘know’Chou 72: 241
*Tibeto-Burman(m-)kyen ‘see ⪤ know’Coblin 86: 129

1.1.1Tani1

1.1.1.1Western Tani50

Apataničĩ ‘know’Sun J 93 HCST
Apataničì ‘know’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataničì ‘understand’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataničin ‘know’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataničin-morpheme ‘wise’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataničìŋ-gomorpheme ‘educate’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanitamorpheme-čĩ ‘understand’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-čin ‘able to’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengničin ‘know’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengničin(-pakmorpheme) ‘know’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengničin-mɯː#6477 PTani *məː ‘CHEAT / LIE’ čin-čɯːmorpheme ‘pretend not to know’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengničin-pamorpheme ‘understand’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengnikaː#6373 PTani *kaŋ ‘LOOK’-čin-bumorpheme ñiːmorpheme ‘acquaintance’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengnikaː#6373 PTani *kaŋ ‘LOOK’-čin-maːmorpheme-bumorpheme ñiːmorpheme ‘stranger’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarčen ‘know’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokarčen ‘able’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarčen ‘know’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarčen ‘understand’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarkoŋ#6373 PTani *kaŋ ‘LOOK’ tɕen v.‘look at and distinguish (characters)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1589.24
Bokartɕen v.‘understand / grasp’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1282.24
Bokartɕen v.‘know (to write)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1392.24
Bokartɕen v.‘understand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1524.24
Bokartɕen v.‘familiar with, be / know sthg. o’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1636.24
Bokar Lhobatɕen ‘understand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 723.51
Bokar Lhobatɕen ‘know (a language) / can / be abl’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 732.51
Galo-`cen vs:adv.‘knowingly’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`amorphemecen adj.‘believable’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`cennamsuffix vt.‘know’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`kaa#6373 PTani *kaŋ ‘LOOK’cen vt.‘recognize (someone)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`kaa#6373 PTani *kaŋ ‘LOOK’cen vt.‘understand (what one sees)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`tamorphemecen vt.‘understand (what one hears)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galocen-lamorpheme-morpheme emlamorpheme-rimorpheme-nammorpheme v‘learn’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galocen-namsuffix v‘know’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galocen-namsuffix v‘learn’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galokaː#6373 PTani *kaŋ ‘LOOK’-cen-simorpheme-namsuffix v‘recognize’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galotamorpheme-cen-namsuffix v‘understand’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Miri, Hill-cen be v.‘able’Simon 76 Miri
Miri, Hillcen-namsuffix ‘understand’Simon 76 Miri
Nishingcing ‘understand’Das Gupta 69 Daf
Nishingcing-pamorpheme ‘remember’Das Gupta 69 Daf
Tagincin-namsuffix v‘know / learn’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginmorphemecin-namsuffix v‘understand’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani6

Damuken ‘understand’Sun J 93 Tani
Damuken-duŋmorpheme ‘capable’Sun J 93 Tani
Damuken-morpheme-tomorpheme ‘understand’Sun J 93 Tani
Damuken-ɟeʔmorpheme ‘understand’Sun J 93 Tani

1.1.2Deng1

Darang [Taraon]xueŋ⁵³ ‘look at’Sun H 80 MLD

1.4Meithei1

Meitheiyeŋmorpheme v.‘see / look’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.4.9

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern NagaC̥-kʰyeŋ v.‘know’French 83: 509

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte3

Noctekʰe v.‘see’French 83: 542

1.7.3.1Jingpho13

Jingphochye v‘know’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphochyeng v‘know’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphotśyeng ‘know’Coblin 86: 129
Jingphotśyeŋtśye ‘know’Benedict 72 STC: 223
Jingphotʃe̱³³ ‘know’Liu 84
Jingphotʃe̱³³ ‘know / can / be able to’Liu 84
Jingphotʃe̱³³ v.‘know (to write)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1392.19
Jingphotʃe̱³³ ‘know’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 722.47
Jingphotʃe̱³³ ‘know (a language) / can / be abl’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 732.47
Jingpho²tše v.‘know’Weidert 87 TBTo: 325
Jingpho²tše v.,v.‘know / understand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 67

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Written)mkhyen-pasuffix ‘know’Benedict 72 STC: 223
Tibetan (Written)mkhyen-pasuffix ‘know’Coblin 86: 129

2.1.4Tamangish3

*TGTMᴬkʰen ‘knowledgeable, experienced’Mazaudon 94 These: 114
Tamang (Risiangku)¹kʰen ‘educated / knowledgeable / know’Mazaudon 94 These: 114
Tamang (Sahu)¹kʰeː ‘experienced’Mazaudon 94 These: 114

3.2Qiangic10

Pumi (Taoba)tɕyẽ⁵⁵ ‘see, perceive’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)tɕyẽ⁵⁵ ‘see’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 529.10
Qiang (Mawo)tsi ‘look at’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)tsia³³ ‘look at’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)tɕy³³ ‘see, perceive’Sun H 81 Qia
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]kə³⁵morpheme ɕe⁵⁵ v‘look’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 3.4.9
Xumiʂɯ̃⁵⁵ ‘look’Sun H 91 ShiQ

8Bai3

Bai (Dali) 2 ‘see, to’Dell 81: 39
Bai (Jianchuan)xɑ̃⁵⁵morpheme kẽ̱ ‘see’Xu 84 Bai

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old/Mid)gʻiɑn/ɣien ‘appear’Chou 72: 241
Chinese (Old)kianh ‘see ⪤ know’Coblin 86: 129

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)kien- ‘see ⪤ know’Coblin 86: 129

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1229, *m-kya(ŋ/n) ‘SEE / KNOW’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1229
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: from STC#223, WSC, HPTB pp.291, 311
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1229,
  title  = {{*m-kya(ŋ/n) 'SEE / KNOW'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1229},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1229}
}