The Body › Head and Face › Ear › Hear/Listen

STEDT #1410

*s-nyan

HEAR / LISTEN

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary · provisional

Reconstruction analysis

handlenyaninitialnyrhymeancoverM · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*ʔen ‘LOOK / BEHOLD / GLANCE’PKC #494

Notes

This etymon refers to either visual or auditory perception. Some reflexes have ny- onsets, while others have hy- or zero, but this is easily explicable in terms of an *s- prefix.

Chinese comparandum

認 OC *ńi̯ən, GSR #456j ‘know, recognize’; Schuessler 2007: *nəns or *niəm; B & S 2011: *nən-s {nə[n]-s}; Mand. rèn.

Reflexes & cognates123 reflexes · 28 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmanhyen ‘hear / listen / look / see’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 594

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinʔen ‘LOOK / BEHOLD / GLANCE’VanBik 09 PKC: 494

1.2.1.1Northern Chin5

Paiteen ‘look’VanBik 09 PKC: 494

Tiddimen¹ > et³ ‘look at’VanBik 09 PKC: 494

Tiddimen¹ > et³ v‘look at’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 289

Tiddimen¹/et³ ‘look at’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

Tiddimˊen/ˍet v‘look at’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.2Central Chin3

Lushai [Mizo]en ‘look at’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]ên v‘look, to look at, to glance, to behold, to view, to eye’VanBik 09 PKC: 494

Lushai [Mizo]en v‘look’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2303

1.2.4“Old Kuki”4

Kom Remen v‘see / look’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.4.9

Moyonen ~ én ~ mbówrmorpheme v‘see / look’Kosha 90: 3.4.9

Sorbungʔen ‘look’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.052

Sorbungʔenee imp.‘look’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.053

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1

Sangtamin◦zhumorpheme, in◦yemorpheme ‘listen’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Khezhaʼen◦ɯ̵́morpheme ‘listen’Yabu 94 Khö: 3.6.7

Manang (Gyaru)nyᴇn² no²morpheme ‘listen’Nagano 84 Man: 059

Manang (Prakaa)³ɲẽ- ‘hear’Hoshi 84: 0277

Manang (Prakaa)¹ɲẽ- ‘hear’Mazaudon 94 These: 242

Tamang (Risiangku)¹ŋjan v‘listen’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.6.7

Tamang (Risiangku)¹ŋjan ‘listen / pay attention / obey’Mazaudon 94 These: 242

Tamang (Sahu)nyem-pasuffix v.‘listen’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.A.17

Tamang (Sahu)nyem-pā(n)suffix v‘listen’Hale 73 CSD: 10b1.17

Tamang (Sahu)nyem◦pasuffix v.‘hear’Taylor 72 TmVo: 1.58

Tamang (Sahu)themorpheme nyem◦pāsuffix ‘hear’Hale 73 CSD: 01.058

Tamang (Sahu)¹ɲen ‘listen / to hear’Mazaudon 94 These: 242

Tamang (Taglung)ɲan-gomorpheme ‘listen’Mazaudon 94 These: 242

Thakali (Marpha)ɲan-lãmorpheme... ‘listen’Mazaudon 94 These: 242

2.2Newar1

Newarnyen◦emorpheme v.‘hear’Shakya 89: 3.6.7

2.3Kiranti3

*SE Kirantien- v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

*Kirantiren- ‘hear’Opgenort 11 Tilung

*BSDTKŋen- v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

2.3.2Southern Kiranti9

Bantawaen ‘listen’Rai 85 BnDs

Bantawaen- v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

Bantawaen- (-nmorpheme) v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

Bantawaent- v.‘listen to’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

Bantawaʔen- v.t.‘hear / listen’Rai 84 BnDc: 3

Chamlingen- ‘hear’Winter 85: 13

Chamlingen-yumorpheme v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

Kulungyen-umorpheme v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

Kulungyen-umorpheme v.‘hear’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti6

Dumiŋyiː- v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

Dumiŋyiː- v.‘hear (things)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

Dumiŋyiː◦nɨmorpheme ‘hear, not be deaf.’Driem 93 Dumi

Dumiŋyiː◦nɨmorpheme v.‘hear, listen to’Driem 93 Dumi

Khalingngi-nemorpheme v‘listen’Hale 73 CSD: 10b1.17

Khaling√ngi- v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Bahingŋin- v.‘hear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 89

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3

Chepang (Eastern)sayʔmorpheme◦naʔ v‘hear’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.6.7

Khamthəy#1408 PTB *s-ta-s ⪤ *ta-n ‘HEAR’PTani *tat² ‘LISTEN / HEAR’-nya v.‘hear’Watters 89 KhQ: 1.58

Khamtʰəy#1408 PTB *s-ta-s ⪤ *ta-n ‘HEAR’PTani *tat² ‘LISTEN / HEAR’-nya v.‘hear’Watters 89 KhQ: 1.58

3.2Qiangic17

Ersuba³³morphemeȵi⁵⁵ ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.18

Ersubɐ³³morpheme ȵi⁵⁵ ‘hear’Sun H 91 ErsQ

Lyuzubæ³³morphemeȵi⁵³ v.‘listen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1681.18

Muya [Minyak]sɯ⁵⁵morphemeŋɑ³³ v.‘hear’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 3.6.7

Namuyibɛ⁵⁵morphemehĩ⁵⁵ ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.19

Namuyibæ⁵⁵morphemehĩ⁵⁵ v.‘listen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1681.46

Pumi (Jiulong)se¹¹morphemeȵi⁵⁵ v.‘listen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1681.10

Pumi (Lanping)thə¹³morphemeni¹³ v.‘listen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1681.09

Pumi (Qinghua)thə¹³morphemeni¹³ ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.11

Pumi (Qinghua)tʰə¹³morpheme ni¹³ ‘listen’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Taoba)sɛ³⁵morpheme ȵi⁵³ ‘listen’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Taoba)sɛ³⁵morphemeȵi⁵³ ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.10

Qiang (Taoping)tɕhy⁵⁵morphemeȵy⁵⁵ ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.9

Qiang (Taoping)tɕʰy⁵⁵morpheme ȵy⁵⁵ ‘listen’Sun H 81 Qia

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]kə³⁵morphemeȵu⁵³ ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.16

Xumilɛ³³morphemehĩ⁵⁵ v.‘listen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1681.17

Zhaba (Daofu County)ŋo⁵⁵morphemeȵu³³ v.‘listen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1681.14

3.3rGyalrongic6

Ergong (Danba)wumorpheme sŋi v.‘hear’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 3.6.7

Ergong (Danba)wumorpheme sŋi ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.14

Ergong (Danba)ȵaŋ ‘ear’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 3.6

Ergong (Danba)ȵaŋ ‘ear’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 241.14

Ergong (Daofu)ȵɑŋ ‘ear’Dai 89 Daof: 3.6

Ergong (Daofu)ȵɑŋ phə#815 PTB *s-p(w)a-(p/k) ‘EARWAX’ ‘earwax’Dai 89 Daof: 3.6.6

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Côông [Phunoi]hnɑ̃⁵⁵ ce³³morpheme ‘listen’Bradley xx Phu

6.2Naxi8

Na (Yongning)ɲi˧ v.‘listen’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Naxikho³³#1411 PTB *(k/g)ra ‘HEAR / LISTEN / SOUND’PLB *gla² ‘HEAR / LISTEN’mi³³ v.‘listen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1681.45

Naxi (Lijiang)kho³³#1411 PTB *(k/g)ra ‘HEAR / LISTEN / SOUND’PLB *gla² ‘HEAR / LISTEN’mi³³ ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.28

Naxikho³³#1411 PTB *(k/g)ra ‘HEAR / LISTEN / SOUND’PLB *gla² ‘HEAR / LISTEN’mi³³thv̩³³morpheme v.‘hear’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1682.45

Naxikho³³#1411 PTB *(k/g)ra ‘HEAR / LISTEN / SOUND’PLB *gla² ‘HEAR / LISTEN’mi³³tʂhɚ²¹morpheme ‘pleasant to the ears’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1092.45

Naxi (Western)kʰo³³#1411 PTB *(k/g)ra ‘HEAR / LISTEN / SOUND’PLB *gla² ‘HEAR / LISTEN’mi³³ ‘listen’He 85

Naxi (Eastern)kʰua³³#1411 PTB *(k/g)ra ‘HEAR / LISTEN / SOUND’PLB *gla² ‘HEAR / LISTEN’ȵi³³ ‘listen’He 85

Naxi (Yongning)ȵi⁵⁵; nv⁵⁵morpheme ‘listen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 532.29

7Karenic11

*Karen (Pwo)ná'#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ɣə̀n v.‘hear’Jones 61: 223

*Karen (TP)ɣỳn v.‘hear’Jones 61: 223

Bwešɔ́morpheme-ʔnɛ̀ v.‘hear’Weidert 87 TBTo: 931

Bweʃɔ⁵⁵morphemene³³ ‘listen to’Luangthongkum 13: 171

Bweʃɔ́morpheme◦ne v.‘hear, to listen’Henderson 97 Kar

Gebahɛ¹ v.‘hear’Luce 85: I.170

Kayan (Pekon)hyə́n Vtr‘hear’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayan (Pekon)nâ#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦hyə́n V‘hear’Manson 10 Kayan

Pa-Ohỳn v.‘hear’Jones 61: 223

Pa-Ohɨ̀n ‘hear’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-O (Northern)hɯn⁶ v.‘hear’Luce 85: I.170

8Bai1

Bai (Bijiang)e³³ ‘look at’Xu 84 Bai

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1410, *s-nyan ‘HEAR / LISTEN’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1410

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1410,
  title  = {{*s-nyan 'HEAR / LISTEN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1410},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1410}
}