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STEDT #31

*s-miːt

EXTINGUISH / SHUT ABRUPTLY / WINK / BLINK / DIE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary · provisional

Reconstruction analysis

handlemiːtinitialmrhymeiːtcoverM · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*mit ‘EXTINGUISH / EXTINGUISHED’JS-HCST: 205

Kuki-Chin*mit ‘GO OUT (light) / EXTINGUISH’PKC #768

Central Naga (Ao Group)*hmət ‘EXTINGUISH / BLOW’PCN #189

Tangkhulic*met ‘SQUEEZE / EXTINGUISH’DRM#542

Connections

HPTB*s-miːn ⪤ *s-miːt ‘extinguish / shut / blink’pp. 350, 352, 519

HPTB (PLB)*miːtᴸ ‘blink / shut abruptly’p. 315

Notes

Chinese character. STC #374; Matisoff 1983 (“Translucent insights”) #59; GSR 294b.

Written Burmese has an allofamic form with homorganic final nasal hmîn ‘have the eyes shut’.

Chinese comparandum

滅 OC *mi̯ɑt, GSR #294b ‘drown, extinguish, destroy’; Schuessler 2007:385 *met; B & S 2011: *met; Mand. miè.
烕 OC *χmi̯wɑt, GSR #294a ‘extinguish, destroy’; Schuessler 2007:385 *hmet; B & S 2011: *m̥et; Mand. xuè.
沒 OC *mwət, GSR #492b ‘disappear, die, destroy’; Schuessler 2007:389-90 *mə̂t; B & S 2011: (*mˁut); Mand. mò.
𥄎 OC *χi̯wɑd, GSR #293a-b ‘wink; signal with eyes’; Schuessler 2007:548 *hmat or *hmet; Mand. xuè.

Reflexes & cognates150 reflexes · 35 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7

*Tibeto-Burman(s-)mit ‘shut (eyes) / extinguish’Matisoff 83 TIL: 59

*Tibeto-Burmanmit ‘extinguish’Chou 72: 294b

*Tibeto-Burmanmit v.‘destroy’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 43

*Tibeto-Burmanmit ‘extinguish’LaPolla 87: 91

*Tibeto-Burmanmit ‘extinguish’Benedict 72 STC: 374

*Tibeto-Burmans-miːn ⪤ s-miːt ‘extinguish / shut / blink’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 602

*Tibeto-Burmans-miːt ‘flicker / blink / extinguish’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 043

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanimit ‘extinguished’Sun J 93 HCST: 133

1.1.1.1Western Tani7

Apatanijaprefix-mu#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’ múmorpheme-miʔ ‘extinguish’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanimiʔ ‘extinguished’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengni(əprefix-məːmorpheme) ñit-pakmorpheme ‘extinguish’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniñit ‘extinguished’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokar(mə)#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’◦mit vi‘extinguish’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarmit ‘extinguished’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokarmoːmorpheme mit vt‘extinguish’Sun J 93 Tani

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani4

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]mit ‘extinguished’Sun J 93 HCST

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]mit ‘extinguish’LaPolla 87: 91

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]mit ‘extinguish’Benedict 72 STC: 374

Damu(ʔaprefix-mɯ#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’) ɕimorpheme-mit vi‘extinguish’Sun J 93 Tani

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinmit ‘GO OUT (light) / EXTINGUISH’VanBik 09 PKC: 768

1.2.1.1Northern Chin2

Sizangmit hī ‘extinguish’VanBik 09 PKC: 768

Thadomìt-INV ‘go out (light)’VanBik 09 PKC: 768

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Cho (Mindat)mit ‘disappear’VanBik 09 PKC: 768

1.2.2Central Chin3

Lai (Hakha)mit-I, miʔ-II ‘extinct (as species), go out (as light), be extinguished (as fire)’VanBik 09 PKC: 768

Lushai [Mizo]mìt-I, mìʔ-II v‘go out, to burn out, to be extinguished’VanBik 09 PKC: 768

Lushai [Mizo]timorpheme◦mit ‘extinguish’Benedict 72 STC: 374

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]mó ‘become extinct’VanBik 09 PKC: 768

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)10

*Central Nagahmət ‘EXTINGUISH / BLOW’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.189

Lotha Nagahmet²ok²suffix- v.‘extinguish, put out (flame)’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Lotha Nagamhet◦okmorpheme ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagapanmorpheme◦mhet◦asuffix ‘extinguish’Murry 78: 42

Lotha Nagatamorpheme◦mhet◦asuffix ‘extinguish’Murry 78: 42

Sangtamfü#75 PTB *pu ‘BLOW’MesorootsPCN *phu ‘BLOW’Allofams2a #75 PTB *pu ‘BLOW’2b #1743 PTB *pur ‘BLOW’, me◦chimorpheme ‘blow’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamme ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamme◦chichomorpheme ‘blow, whiff’Kumar 73 Sang

Yimchungrümüt ‘blow’Kumar 73 Yim: 71

Yimchungrümüt ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group3

Angami (Khonoma)pemorpheme◦mhe ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Kohima)pemorpheme◦mhe ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

Rengmamhü ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Zememit ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

Mziemenmüt ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic8

*Tangkhulicmet ‘squeeze / extinguish’Mortensen 12 Tk: 542

Huishukəmorpheme-səmorpheme-mejʔ ‘extinguish / put out fire’Mortensen 12 Tk: Nature.078

Kachaikəmorpheme-ʃimorpheme-mɐt ‘squeeze / extinguish’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.079

Tangkhulkhəmorpheme◦śimorpheme◦mit ‘extinguish’LaPolla 87: 91

Tangkhulkhəmorpheme◦śimorpheme◦mit ‘extinguish’Benedict 72 STC: 374

Tangkhulmit ‘extinguish’Bhat 69 TNV: 88

Tangkhulsashimorpheme◦mit ‘extinguish’Marrison 67 Naga

Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-ʃimorpheme-met ‘squeeze’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

Mikir [Karbi]met ‘flicker / blink / extinguish’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 043

Mikir [Karbi]met ‘extinguish’LaPolla 87: 91

Mikir [Karbi]met ‘extinguish’Benedict 72 STC: 374

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Dimasakhumorpheme◦mu ‘destroy’Benedict 72 STC: 374

1.7.1.2Garo4

Garokimorpheme◦mit ‘extinguish’LaPolla 87: 91

Garokimorpheme◦mit ‘extinguish’Benedict 72 STC: 374

Garo (Bangladesh)mit-chumorpheme-amorpheme vt‘close; plug up’Burling 03 Garo: 9.61-II:idx

Garo (Bangladesh)mit-tipmorpheme-amorpheme vt‘close; cover’Burling 03 Garo: 9.61-II:idx

1.7.3.1Jingpho1

Jingphosimit ‘extinguish’Assamese dialect.Benedict 72 STC: 374

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Written)med-pamorpheme be v.‘not, exist not’This WT form has been interpreted elsewhere as a fusion of mi NEGATIVE + red-pa BE, the latter related to WT srid-pa COPULA. See GSTC:64.Benedict 72 STC: 183n481

Tibetan (Written)med-pɑmorpheme ‘not be / not exist’Chou 72: 294b

2.3Kiranti1

*BSDTKmit- v.‘die’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 43

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti3

Limbuimmorpheme mEtt- v.‘blink, squint’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Limbuoprefix mEtt- v.‘look at’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Limbutsirapmorpheme mEtt- v.‘blink (the eye)’Michailovsky 89 Lm

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Dumimit- v.‘die’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 43

Dumimit◦nɨ ‘die’Driem 93 Dumi

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Hayumet- v.‘die’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 43

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3

Chepanghmeʔ sat#1018 PTB *g/b-sat ‘KILL’PKC *that-I, -thaʔ-II ‘KILL’PTk *tʰat ‘KILL’PNN *ʔsot ‘KILL’PLB *C-sat ‘KILL’- vt.‘put out, extinguish, quench fire’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangmit- v.‘disappear’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 43

Chepangmit-saM ‘disappear’Caughley 72 CVoc: 10.B.3.40

3.2Qiangic12

Ersumaʴ⁵⁵maʴ⁵⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.18

Guiqiongji⁵⁵morphememi⁵⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.17

Muya [Minyak]nɑ⁵⁵morphememɯ⁵³ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.15

Namuyimɛ³³mɛ⁵⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.19

Pumi (Lanping)nə¹³morphemem̥u¹³ ‘close (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1155.09

Pumi (Lanping)nə¹³morphemem̥u¹³ v.‘blink / wink’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1780.09

Pumi (Qinghua)nə¹³morpheme m̥ə¹³ ‘close (eyes)’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Qinghua)nə¹³morphemem̥ə¹³ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.11

Pumi (Taoba)nə³⁵morpheme m̥ũ³⁵ ‘close (eyes)’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Taoba)nə³⁵morphemem̥ũ³⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.10

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lə⁵⁵morphemema⁵³ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.16

Xumimiɛ³³morphememɛ³⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.20

3.3rGyalrongic1

Ergong (Danba)smɛ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.14

4Nungic2

Anongśəmit ‘extinguish’Benedict 72 STC: 374

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)mĭʔ⁵⁵ ‘close (eyes)’Sun H 82 Dul

5Tujia1

Tujialo³⁵morpheme pu⁵⁵morpheme tɕʰi⁵⁵morpheme ni²¹ v‘blink’Chen 86 TuBQ: 3.4.5

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesemiːtᴸ ‘blink / shut abruptly’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 602

6.1.1Burmish16

Bolami̱³⁵ ‘close (mouth)’Dai 89 Bola: 1609

Bola (Luxi)mi̱³⁵ ‘close (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1155.32

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)m̥eʔ⁴⁴ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.40

Burmese (Written)hmîn ‘have the eyes shut from languor, stupidity, excessive opium smoking’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)hmìn ‘have the eyes shut’Benedict 72 STC: 99n283

Burmese (Written)hmit ‘wink, shut the eyes’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 043

Burmese (Written)hmit ‘wink, shut the eyes’Matisoff 83 TIL: 59

Burmese (Written)hmit v.‘shut the eye, wink’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)hmit ‘wink’LaPolla 87: 91

Burmese (Written)hmit ‘shut (the eye), wink’Benedict 72 STC: 99n283

Burmese (Written)hmit ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.39

Hpun (Northern)màiʔ ‘blink / shut the eyes’Henderson 86 Hpun

Leqi (Luxi)mje̱ːi⁵⁵ v.‘close (the door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1356.33

Leqi (Luxi)mje̱ːi⁵⁵ v.‘close (the mouth) lightly’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1523.33

Atsi [Zaiwa]mji̱²¹ v.‘close (the door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1356.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]mji̱²¹to̱²¹morpheme v.‘close (the mouth) lightly’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1523.30

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish11

Gazhuom̩³⁵ ‘close (mouth)’Dai 87 Gazh

Gazhuom³⁵ ‘close (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1155.47

Yi (Liangshan)m̥ɿ̱³³ ‘close (eyes or mouth); shut (eyes or mouth)’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mojiang)mi̱³³ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.26

Yi (Nanhua)mi̱³³ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.24

Yi (Nanhua)mə³³ ‘close (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1155.37

Yi (Xide)a³³prefix-m̥ɿ̄³³ ‘close mouth’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)dʑɿ³⁴morphemem̥ɿ³³ v.‘close (a book)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1372.35

Yi (Xide)m̥ɿ̄³³ ‘close (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1155.35

Yi (Xide)m̥ɿ̄³³ v.‘close (the mouth) lightly’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1523.35

Yi (Xide)ȵɔ³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-m̥ɿ̄³³ ‘close eyes (die)’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish18

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)mi³¹ ‘blink’Dai 89 JinA: 2563

Jinuo (Baka)m̥i³¹ ‘close (eyes)’Dai 89 JinB: 1664.1

Jinuo (Baka)m̥i³¹ ‘blink’Dai 89 JinB: 2563

Jinuomi³¹ ‘close (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1155.44

Jinuomi³⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.34

Jinuo (Youle)m̥i⁴² ‘close (eyes)’Gai 86

Jinuo (Youle)mjɑ⁴²#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ tsi⁴⁴morpheme pɹɛ⁴⁴morpheme mi⁴² ‘blink’Gai 86

Jinuo (Baka)m̩³¹ ‘close (mouth)’Dai 89 JinB: 1664

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)m̩³¹ tsɿ³¹morpheme ‘close (mouth)’Dai 89 JinA: 1664

Lahumèʔ ‘shut abruptly (eyes, mouth), go on and off rapidly, twinkle, flash, flicker (as fireflies, stars, sparks)’Matisoff 83 TIL: 59

Lahumèʔ ‘shut; blink’LaPolla 87: 91

Lahu (Black)mèʔ ‘shut abruptly (eyes, mouth); go on and off rapidly; twinkle, flash, flicker (as fireflies, stars, sparks)’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 043

Lahu (Black)miʔ²¹ ‘close (eyes)’Chang 86

Lahu (Black)miʔ²¹ ‘blink’Chang 86

Lahu (Black)mɛ³⁵ ‘lose / misplace’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 677.33

Lahu (Yellow)mɛʔ⁵⁴#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ nɿ³³ ‘blink’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)mɛ⁴ ‘lose / misplace’Chang 86

Lisumi⁵⁵; tshɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.27

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish14

Akha (Thai)miq ‘close (eyes)’Hansson 89 AHKP: 489

Akha (Yunnan)miq ‘close (eyes)’Hansson 89 AHKP: 489

Akhamíʔ be v.‘extinguished’Matisoff 83 TIL: 59

Akhamiʔ³³ be v.‘extinguished’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 043

Akhamyámorpheme-núiʔmorpheme míʔ eumorpheme ‘close one's eyes (=eyes are extinguished)’Matisoff 83 TIL: 59

Akhamyaʔ³³morpheme-nuiʔ³³morpheme miʔ³³-eumorpheme ‘close one's eyes tightly’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 043

Hani (Lüchun)miq ‘close (eyes)’Hansson 89 AHKP: 489

Hani (Dazhai)mi̱³³ ‘close (eyes)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Dazhai)mi̱³³ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.31

Hani (Gelanghe)mi̱³³ ‘close (eyes)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Wordlist)miv ‘close (eyes)’Hansson 89 AHKP: 489

Hani (Shuikui)mi̱³³ ‘close (eyes)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)mi̱³³ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.32

Mpimiʔ⁵ ‘close (the eyes)’Srinuan 76

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5

Azhami⁴⁴ ‘shut’Pelkey 11 Phula: 726

Southern Mujimɯ³³ ‘shut’Pelkey 11 Phula: 726

Pholami̠³¹ ‘shut’Pelkey 11 Phula: 726

Hlepho Phowami²¹ ‘shut’Pelkey 11 Phula: 726

Phuzami⁵⁵ ‘shut’Pelkey 11 Phula: 726

8Bai8

Bai (Bijiang)mi⁵⁵ ‘close (eyes)’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Bijiang)mi⁵⁵vĩ³³morpheme ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.37

Bai (Dali)me³⁵ ‘close (eyes)’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Dali)me³⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.35

Bai (Jianchuan)me⁵⁵ ‘close (eyes)’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Jianchuan)me⁵⁵ ‘close (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 530.36

Bai (Jianchuan)mi⁵⁵ ‘close (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1155.48

Bai (Jianchuan)mi⁵⁵ v.‘close (the mouth) lightly’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1523.48

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old)hmjet ‘extinguish’Baxter 92: 428

Chinese (Old)hmjet ‘extinguish / destroy’Baxter 92: 989

Chinese (Old)mi̯at ‘drown, extinguish, destroy’GSR 294b.Matisoff 83 TIL: 59

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #31, *s-miːt ‘EXTINGUISH / SHUT ABRUPTLY / WINK / BLINK / DIE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/31

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB pp.350, 352, 519

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-31,
  title  = {{*s-miːt 'EXTINGUISH / SHUT ABRUPTLY / WINK / BLINK / DIE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #31},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/31}
}