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STEDT

Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production › Harm

STEDT #1018

*g/b-sat

KILL

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlesatprefixginitialsrhymeatcoverS · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*that-I, -thaʔ-II ‘KILL’PKC #394

Tangkhulic*tʰat ‘KILL’DRM#537

Northern Naga/Konyakian*ʔsot ‘KILL’

Lolo-Burmese*C-sat ‘KILL’

Connections

HPTB*g/b-sat ‘kill’pp. 12, 31, 136, 330, 335

Chinese comparandum

殺 OC *sɑ̆t, GSR #319d-e ‘kill’; Schuessler 2007:452 *srât; B & S 2011: *s‹r›at; Mand. shā.

Reflexes & cognates252 reflexes · 39 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetansr+iat ‘kill’Coblin 86: 100

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6

*Tibeto-Burmang-sat ‘kill’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 021

*Tibeto-Burmang-sat ‘kill’Matisoff 83 TIL: 21

*Tibeto-Burmang-sat ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

*Tibeto-Burmang-sat ‘kill, fight, strike’Benedict 72 STC: 58

*Tibeto-Burmang-sɑ̂t ‘kill’Chou 72: 319d

*Tibeto-Burmang/b-sat ‘kill’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 612

1.1.2Deng5

Darang [Taraon]se ‘kill’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]se⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.22

Darang [Taraon]se⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.49

Kaman [Miju]sɑt⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.23

Kaman [Miju]sɑt⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.48

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinthat-I, -thaʔ-II VanBik 09 PKC: 394

1.2.1.1Northern Chin4

Paitethat ‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

Sizanghtāt hī ‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

Thadothàt-I, thàa-II ‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

Tiddimthat³ >x thaʔ³ ‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Cho (Mindat)mprefix-sat v‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Hakha)that-I, thaʔ-II ‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

Lai (Falam)thàt-INV ‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

Lushai [Mizo]that v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]that ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Lushai [Mizo]that ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 58

Lushai [Mizo]thàt-I, thàh-II v‘kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 394

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)12

*Aosət Bruhn 14 PCN: II.106

Ao (Chungli)ka³morpheme-sət¹ v.‘shoot to death’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Ao (Chungli)tep#2206 PTB *(d/t)(u/i)p ‘BEAT / STRIKE’PTani *tup ‘STRIKE’◦set v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)təp³morpheme-sət¹ v.‘kill’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.106

Ao (Chungli)tɯ́p#2206 PTB *(d/t)(u/i)p ‘BEAT / STRIKE’PTani *tup ‘STRIKE’◦sɯ̀t v.‘kill’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 5

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)enmorpheme◦set v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)yakmorpheme◦set v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)hənmorpheme-sə̀t v.‘kill [killed] (possibly 'by hand' + 'kill')’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)təp#2206 PTB *(d/t)(u/i)p ‘BEAT / STRIKE’PTani *tup ‘STRIKE’-sə̀t v.‘kill [killed] ('hit' + 'kill')’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagasamorpheme◦that v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtammapmorpheme◦se v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrülakmorpheme◦sa v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group4

Khoiraothat v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Liangmeikammorpheme◦sad v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Zemechat v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Mziemedap#2206 PTB *(d/t)(u/i)p ‘BEAT / STRIKE’PTani *tup ‘STRIKE’◦tset v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic10

*Tangkhulictʰat ‘kill’Mortensen 12 Tk: 537

Huishujamorpheme-kəmorpheme-tʰejʔ ‘kill’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.036

Kachaisumorpheme-kəmorpheme-tʰɐt ‘kill’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.029

Tangkhulshomorpheme◦that v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulthit ‘kill’Bhat 69 TNV: 91

Tangkhulthət ‘kill’Bhat 69 TNV: 91

Tusomtamorpheme-kəmorpheme-tʰe v.‘kill’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.038

Ukhrulkəprefix-cimorpheme-tʰit ‘make to kill’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulkəprefix-tʰɐt ‘kill’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulsamorpheme-kəmorpheme-tʰɐt ‘kill’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

Mikir [Karbi]that ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 58

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Dimasathai ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 58

1.7.1.2Garo3

Garosot ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Garosot ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 27n84

Garo (Bangladesh)ramorpheme-sot-amorpheme vt‘kill with knife’Burling 03 Garo: 6.79-II:idx

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagaʔsot ‘kill’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 021

1.7.3.1Jingpho7

Jingphosat v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphosàt ‘kill’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 386

Jingphosat ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Jingphosat ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 58

Jingphosat³¹ ‘kill’Liu 84

Jingphosat³¹ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.19

Jingphosat³¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.47

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Baramsat◦komorpheme v.‘kill’Kansakar 10 Baram: 193

2.1.2Bodic7

Tsangla (Motuo)ɕe ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.7

Tsangla (Motuo)ɕe⁵⁵ ‘kill’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)she ‘kill’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tshona (Wenlang)sot⁵⁵ ‘kill’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)sɔt⁵³ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.6

Motuo Menbaɕe v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.07

Cuona Menbasɔt⁵³ ta³¹morpheme v.‘kill / slaughter (an animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan22

Tibetan (Alike)psat v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.05

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)sed ‘kill (pf)’Sun J 85 Amdo: 514

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)sod ‘kill’Sun J 85 Amdo: 512

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)sʰod ‘kill (imp)’Sun J 85 Amdo: 513

Tibetan (Batang)sɛʔ⁵³ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.03

Tibetan (Jirel)set-kimorpheme-dukqmorpheme ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)sɛ⁵³ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.3

Tibetan (Lhasa)sɛʔ⁵³ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)sɛ⁵² v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.02

Tibetan (Sherpa)se-kimorpheme-wiqmorpheme ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

Tibetan (Written)bsad ‘kill (perfective)’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 021

Tibetan (Written)gnyid#131 PTB *g/r-nyit ‘SLEEP / NOD’ sad (gsod)-pasuffix ‘waken’Matisoff PC

Tibetan (Written)gsod ‘kill’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 021

Tibetan (Written)gsod ‘kill’Sun J 85 TbGl: 512

Tibetan (Written)gsod v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.01

Tibetan (Written)gsod ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.1

Tibetan (Written)gsod-pa ‘kill’Matisoff 83 TIL: 21

Tibetan (Written)gsod-pa ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Tibetan (Written)gsod-pa ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 58

Tibetan (Written)sod ‘kill (imp)’Sun J 85 TbGl: 513

Tibetan (Written)ɣsod v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Xiahe)ɕa v.‘kill / slaughter (an animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.04

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchasót v.‘kill’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.1.4Tamangish22

*TGTMᴬsat ‘kill’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Gurungsae-mmorpheme ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

Gurung (Ghachok)sae◦baqmorpheme ‘kill (fire) / extinguish’Glover 72 GuVo

Gurung (Ghachok)sae◦baqmorpheme ‘kill (sacrificial animal)’Glover 72 GuVo: 10.B.3.27

Gurung (Ghachok)səe-mmorpheme ‘kill’Glover 72 GuVo: 1.62

Gurung (Ghachok)səe◦baqmorpheme ‘kill’Glover 72 GuVo: 2.B.2. 14.

Gurung¹sae- ‘kill’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Manang (Gyaru)sᴇː³ V‘kill’Nagano 84 Man: 136

Manang (Prakaa)³seː- ‘kill’Hoshi 84: 0349

Manang (Prakaa)¹seː- ‘kill’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Tamang (Bagmati)sae- v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Tamang (Risiangku)¹sat ‘kill’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Tamang (Sahu)sep-pasuffix v.‘kill’Taylor 72 TmVo: 13.B.14.a

Tamang (Sahu)sep◦pasuffix v.‘kill’Taylor 72 TmVo: 1.62

Tamang (Sahu)themorpheme sep◦pāsuffix ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

Tamang (Sahu)¹set ‘kill / to extinguish a fire’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Tamang (Taglung)seː-bamorpheme ‘kill’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Thakalisay-wamorpheme ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

Thakali (Marpha)seː-wamorpheme ‘kill’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵'⁴⁴sɛː-bamorpheme ‘kill’Mazaudon 94 These: 930

Thakali (Tukche)sɔj-lɔmorpheme ‘kill’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.B.2.14 1

Thakali (Tukche)sɔj-wɔmorpheme ‘kill’Hari 71a ThVo: 1.62

2.2Newar5

Newar (Dolakhali)syat- ‘kill’Genetti 90 Dola

Newar (Kathmandu)syat- ‘kill’Genetti 90 Kath

Newarsyā◦yemorpheme ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

Newarsyā◦yemorpheme v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Newarsyā◦yemorpheme ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 103n294

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti8

Athpare (Rai)sed-uemorpheme ‘kill’Ebert 97 Athpare

Athpare (Rai)set- ‘kill’Ebert 97 Athpare

Athpare (Rai)ŋa#1455 PTB *s-ŋya ‘FISH’PTani *ŋo ‘FISH’PKC *ŋaa ⪤ *hŋaa ‘FISH’PCN *a-hŋaʔ ‘FISH’PTk *ŋa ‘FISH’◦sa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-kamorpheme◦set◦pamorpheme ‘fisherman’Ebert 97 Athpare

LimbusEr- (sEt) v.‘kill’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Limbusɛp◦mamorpheme v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Limbusɛr-(u)morpheme v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Lohorongsep◦mamorpheme v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Lohorongser◦ɛmorpheme v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

2.3.2Southern Kiranti4

BantawaseT v‘kill’Rai 85 BnDs

Chamlingsoi-dmorpheme- v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Chamlingsoi◦mamorpheme v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Kulungset-umorpheme v.‘kill’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

Dumiset◦nɨmorpheme ‘killed, get killed <kill>’Driem 93 Dumi

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulungset- v.‘kill, to extinguish (light), to blunt (blade);’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang7

Chepanghmeʔ#31 PTB *s-miːt ‘EXTINGUISH / SHUT ABRUPTLY / WINK / BLINK / DIE’PTani *mit ‘EXTINGUISH / EXTINGUISHED’PKC *mit ‘GO OUT (light) / EXTINGUISH’PCN *hmət ‘EXTINGUISH / BLOW’PTk *met ‘SQUEEZE / EXTINGUISH’ sat- vt.‘put out, extinguish, quench fire’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangsat- v.‘kill’Weidert 87 TBTo: 707

Chepangsat- vt.‘kill, catch (and kill); finish off (ext.)’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangsat-samorpheme ‘kill’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.B.2. 14a

Chepangsāt.sāmorpheme ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

Chepangsət-samorpheme ‘kill’Caughley 72 CVoc: 1.62

MagarsaT-kemorpheme ‘kill’Hale 73 CSD: 01.062

3.2Qiangic23

Ersusɿ⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.18

Guiqiongse⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.16

Guiqiongse⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.17

Muyanɐ³³morpheme sɐ⁵³ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.15

Muya [Minyak]sɐ⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.15

Pumi (Jiulong)sə⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.10

Pumi (Lanping)thə¹³morphemesuɛ¹³ v.‘kill / slaughter (an animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.09

Pumi (Qinghua)thə¹³morphemesɛ¹³ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.11

Pumi (Taoba)nə³⁵morphemesɛ³⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.10

Qiang (ChiuTzuYing)tṣhu ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Qiang (Longxi)tsò tsó ‘kill (person)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2297

Qiang (Longxi)tsò tsó ‘kill (chicken)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2298

Qiang (Mawo)tʃə ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Qiang (Mawo)tʃə v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.08

Qiang (Mawo)tʃə ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.8

Qiang (Mianchi)tsɨ̀ tɕámorpheme ‘kill (person)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2297

Qiang (Mianchi)tsɨ̀ tɕámorpheme ‘kill (chicken)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2298

Qiang (Taoping)tʃɿ³³ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.9

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lə³⁵morphemesɛ⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.16

Xumisi⁵⁵ v.‘kill (a person)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.17

Xumisi⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.20

Zhaba (Daofu County)kʌ³³morpheme she⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.14

Zhaba (Daofu County)she⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.14

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Danba)ntɕi ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.14

Daofushɛ v.‘kill (a person)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.12

3.3.1rGyalrong4

rGyalrongkaprefix ntʃha ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.12

Caodengkɐprefix-ntʃʰe ‘kill’Sun J 97 Cao

rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɑmorpheme sɑt v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.11

rGyalrongkamorpheme sat ‘kill’Nagano 97 GyQ: 192

4Nungic7

Anongsat ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 58

Rawangʃat ‘kill’LaPolla 03: 1414

Dulongsɑt⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.20

Trung [Dulong]sɑt⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)saat⁵⁵ ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)sat⁵⁵ ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)sɑ̆t⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-BurmeseCprefix-sat ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

*Lolo-Burmesesat ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 88n259

6.1.1Burmish20

Achang (Lianghe)saʔ⁵⁵ ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Achang (Lianghe)sɑʔ⁵⁵ ‘kill’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)sat⁵⁵ ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Achang (Longchuan)sat⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.28

Achang (Luxi)sat⁵⁵ ‘kill’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Luxi)sat⁵⁵ ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Achang (Xiandao)sat⁵⁵ phut⁵⁵morpheme v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.29

Bola (Luxi)sɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.32

Burmese (Written)sat v‘kill’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)sat ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Burmese (Written)sat ‘kill’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 021

Burmese (Written)sat ‘kill’Matisoff 83 TIL: 21

Burmese (Written)sat ‘stop; kill’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)sat ‘kill, hit’LaPolla 87: 96

Burmese (Written)sat ‘kill’Benedict 72 STC: 58

Langsu (Luxi)sɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.31

Leqi (Luxi)sa̱ːt⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.33

Maru [Langsu]sɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.43

Atsi [Zaiwa]sat²¹ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]sat⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.42

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish17

Gazhuosi⁵³ ‘kill’Dai 91 TB15

Gazhuosi⁵³ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.47

Lalosjìq ‘kill / slaughter’Björverud 94

Nasusi 55 ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Nusu (Southern)sɑ̱⁵³ ‘kill’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)sɚ̱⁵³ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.34

Nusu (Northern)sɛ̱⁵³ ‘kill’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Dafang)se¹³ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.22

Yi (Liangshan)si⁵⁵ ‘kill (using a knife); slaughter; stab; war’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)xo²¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.25

Yi (Mojiang)ɕi̱²¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.26

Yi (Nanhua)se̱⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.37

Yi (Nanhua)se̱⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.24

Yi (Nanjian)ɕi̱²¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.23

Yi (Weishan)ɕɪ̱²¹ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.36

Yi (Wuding)xu³³ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.38

Yi (Xide)si⁵⁵ v.‘kill (a person)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish15

Ahixo 21 ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Jinuo (Youle)se⁵⁵ ‘kill’Gai 86

Jinuose⁵⁵ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.34

Jinuosɛ⁵⁵ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.44

Kucongɕi55 ‘kill’Dai 09 Kucong

Lisu (Northern)hã³³#2264 PTB *m-hla ‘SOUL / DEMON / GOD / BEAUTIFUL’PKC *khlaa ‘SPIRIT / IMAGE / SHADOW (n.) / SOUL’PTk *hla ‘SHADOW / SPIRIT / SOUL’seʔ²¹ ‘kill the spirit (in traditiona society)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuse̱³¹ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.40

Lisu (Northern)seʔ²¹ V‘kill; execute; slaughter’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuse⁴¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.27

Lisusye6 ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Lisu (Central)sye⁶ v.‘kill’Fraser 22

Lisu (Central)sye⁶ v.‘murder / kill’Fraser 22

Lisu (Central)sye⁶ (krgh³morpheme) ‘destroy (kill)’Fraser 22

Sani [Nyi]xa 11 ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Yi (Sani)xɒ¹¹ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish23

Akhaseh LS ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Akhaseh˰ ‘kill’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 386

Akhasɛ̀q ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Akha (Thai)sɛ̀q ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Akha (Yunnan)sɛ̀q ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Bisusɛ̀ ‘kill’Bradley 9x Bisu

Bisusɛ 21 ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Hani (Hu T’an)se 21c ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Hani (Kao Hua-Nien)še 33 ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

Hani (Dazhai)se̱³¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.31

Hani (Lüchun)sɛ̀q ? ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Hani (Lüchun)se̱³¹ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.41

Hani (Pijo)sjỳq ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Hani (Caiyuan)sɿ̄³¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.30

Hani (Gelanghe)sɛ̱³¹ ‘kill’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Wordlist)seivq ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Hani (Shuikui)si̱³¹ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.32

Hani (Khatu)sjɛ̀q ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Hani (Mojiang)si̱³¹ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.42

Mpisəʔ¹ ‘kill’Hansson 89 AHKP: 536

Mpisɤʔ¹ v.‘kill’Srinuan 76

Silasḭ21 v.‘kill’Kato 08 Lao: 124

Woniši 33 ‘kill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 124

8Bai5

Bai (Bijiang)ɕɑ⁴⁴ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.37

Bai (Dali)sia 2 ‘kill, to’Dell 81: 420

Bai (Dali)ɕɑ⁴⁴ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.35

Bai (Jianchuan)ɕɑ̱³³ v.‘kill’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1602.48

Bai (Jianchuan)ɕɑ⁴⁴ ‘kill’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 633.36

9Sinitic2

Chinese (Hanzi)殺 ‘kill’BaxterSagart 2011: 2392

Chinese (Hanzi)殺 ‘diminish’BaxterSagart 2011: 2393

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old)sǎt ‘kill’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 021

Chinese (Old)sat ‘kill’Matisoff 83 TIL: 21

Chinese (Old)srjat ‘kill’Baxter 92: 1021

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)ṣǎt ‘kill’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 021

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1018, *g/b-sat ‘KILL’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1018

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#058, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1018,
  title  = {{*g/b-sat 'KILL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1018},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1018}
}