STEDT
Animals and Animal Verbs  ›  Other Animals  ›  Fish and Mollusks
STEDT #1455

*s-ŋya

FISH
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handleŋyaprefixsinitialŋyrhymeacoverM · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*ŋo ‘FISH’JS-HCST: 117
Kuki-Chin*ŋaa ⪤ *hŋaa ‘FISH’PKC #853
Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-hŋaʔ ‘FISH’PCN #013
Tangkhulic*ŋa ‘FISH’DRM#637

Connections

HPTB (PLB)*ŋa² ‘fish’pp. 38, 40
Allofam#1726
See also#1726

Notes

A few languages (Anal, Kokborok, Xumi, Yi Nanjian) have developed initial h- or Ø from this root.

Chinese comparandum

魚 OC *ngi̯o, GSR #674a-f ‘fish’; Coblin 86:80 ST *ngyaɣ > OC *; Schuessler 2007:586-7 *ŋa; B & S 2011: *ŋa {[ŋ](r)a}}; Mand. yú.

Reflexes & cognates559 reflexes · 54 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)2

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)8

*Tibeto-Burmanngya (*B) ‘fish’Coblin 86: 80

1.1.1Tani1

1.1.1.1Western Tani90

Apatanikumorpheme-lemorpheme ŋi ‘river fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋi ‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋi sɯmorpheme-pemorpheme-rɯmorpheme ‘fish pond’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋi tamorpheme-sìmorpheme-rɯmorpheme ‘fish trap’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú-imorpheme aprefix-le(ʔ)morpheme ‘fin’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋúi-kumorpheme-domorpheme ‘fishing’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú◦imorpheme ‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú◦imorpheme hamorpheme-sĩmorpheme-nɯmorpheme ‘dried fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú◦imorpheme hamorpheme-sĩmorpheme◦(nɯ)morpheme ‘fish (dry)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú◦imorpheme lamorpheme v‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú◦imorpheme tomorpheme-ŋamorpheme ‘fish shoal’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú◦imorpheme-kumorpheme v‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋú◦imorpheme-pamorpheme-pumorpheme ‘fish spawn, roe’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋɯ-imorpheme rhyme! ‘fish’Sun J 93 HCST
Apataniŋɯ-ljaŋmorpheme ‘fish (species)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋɯ-memorpheme ‘fish (species)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniŋɯ-ramorpheme ‘fish (species, small)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋu-čakmorpheme ‘fish (small silvery)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋu-imorpheme ‘fish’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengniŋu-pikmorpheme ‘eel’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋu-riŋmorpheme ‘carp’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋu-takmorpheme ‘catfish’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋui čammorpheme-ǰammorpheme ‘gill’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋui lamorpheme-pɯrmorpheme ‘fin’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋu◦imorpheme /ŋu-i/ ‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniŋu◦imorpheme puːmorpheme-puːmorpheme ‘fish bladder’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokaroprefix ŋo: n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.24
Bokaroprefix-ŋoː ‘fish’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokaroprefix-ŋoː ‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokaroprefix-ŋoː aprefix-pɯmorpheme ‘fish bladder’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokaroprefix-ŋoː ñamorpheme-ruŋmorpheme ‘gill’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarŋoː-pɯmorpheme ‘loach’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobaoprefix ŋoː ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.51
Galo`ŋo◦gəmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦gəmorpheme n.‘mahasheer’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦gəmorpheme n.‘Neolissochilus hexagonolepis’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦mukmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦pəmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦pəmorpheme n.‘mountain carp (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦pəmorpheme n.‘Psilorhynchus spp.’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦pəmorpheme-pɨmorpheme◦reemorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦pəmorpheme-pɨmorpheme◦reemorpheme n.‘mountain carp (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦pəmorpheme-pɨmorpheme◦reemorpheme n.‘Psilorhynchus spp.’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦raamorpheme nce.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦raamorpheme nce.‘mountain carp (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦raamorpheme-`pakmorpheme◦kaamorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦raamorpheme-`pakmorpheme◦kaamorpheme n.‘mountain carp (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ŋo◦raamorpheme-`pakmorpheme◦kaamorpheme n.‘Psilorhynchus spp.’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦bəmorpheme n.‘Anguilla bengalensis’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦bəmorpheme n.‘eel’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦bəmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦bəmorpheme n.‘Indian mottled eel’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦comorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦comorpheme n.‘mahasheer’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦comorpheme n.‘Tor tor’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦cərmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦cərmorpheme n.‘Glyptothorax’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦imorpheme ‘fish’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoŋo◦imorpheme lamorpheme-namsuffix v‘fishing’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoŋo◦imorpheme tapomorpheme ‘spawn’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoŋo◦iimorpheme n.‘fish’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦lummorpheme n.‘fish (boiled, liquified)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦piimorpheme n.‘carp’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦piimorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦piimorpheme n.‘Labeo dero’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦piimorpheme n.‘mori’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦piimorpheme-piimorpheme◦likmorpheme n.‘mori minnow’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦rikmorpheme n.‘Bagarius bagarius’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦rikmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦ruumorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦ruumorpheme n.‘Garra spp.’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦rɨɨmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦rɨɨmorpheme n.‘Schizothorax spp.’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦rɨɨmorpheme n.‘snow trout’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦tupmorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦tupmorpheme n.‘Garra gotyla’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦yaa#6353 PTani *jaŋ ‘ROT / ROTTEN’-ŋo◦lummorpheme n.‘fish (fermented, boiled, liquified)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦yoomorpheme n.‘fish (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoŋo◦yoomorpheme n.‘Garra sp.’GLDC 09 Galo
Miri, Hillŋu◦imorpheme ‘fish’Simon 76 Miri
Nishingngu◦imorpheme ‘fish’Das Gupta 69 Daf
Taginsin#6591 PTani *san ‘WITHER / DRY’◦tarnɤmorpheme ŋu◦imorpheme ‘fish, dry’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginya#6353 PTani *jaŋ ‘ROT / ROTTEN’◦nɤmorpheme ŋu◦imorpheme ‘rotten fish’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginŋui somorpheme-namsuffix ‘fishing’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginŋu◦imorpheme ‘fish’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginŋu◦imorpheme n‘fish’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani9

Padam [Abor]əprefix-ŋo ‘fish’Sun J 93 HCST
Damu(meat)morpheme ʔəprefix-ŋo ŋo ɕaːmorpheme ‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Damuʔaprefix-ŋo gaŋmorpheme-taʔmorpheme ‘bladder (fish)’Sun J 93 Tani
Damuʔaːprefix-ŋo ‘fish’Sun J 93 Tani
Milangaprefix◦ŋu ‘fish’Tayeng 76 Mil
Milangaprefix◦ŋu-coŋmorpheme kepmorpheme ‘baskets for fish’Tayeng 76 Mil
Milangŋu-cimorpheme ‘fish’Tayeng 76 Mil
Milangŋu-karmorpheme ‘hook’Tayeng 76 Mil
Mishing [Miri]oprefix-ŋo ‘fish’Sun J 93 HCST

1.1.2Deng8

Kaman [Miju]ɑ³¹prefixŋɑ⁵⁵ n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.23
Kaman [Miju]ɑ³¹prefixŋɑ⁵⁵ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.48
Iduaprefix◦nga ‘fish’Anonymous 62 Idu
Iduaprefix◦ŋa ‘fish’Anonymous 62 Idu
Iduaprefix◦ŋa acumorpheme ‘fish (spawn)’Pulu 78
Iduɑ⁵⁵prefixŋɑ⁵⁵ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.50
Yiduɑ⁵⁵prefixŋɑ⁵⁵ n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.25

1.2Kuki-Chin2

1.2.2Central Chin10

1.2.3Maraic2

1.2.4“Old Kuki”12

Kom Remŋə kədəŋmorpheme ‘gill (of fish)’Toba 91 KRQ: 9.2.4
Kom Remŋə mətʰiŋmorpheme ‘fin (of fish)’Toba 91 KRQ: 6.1.8
Moyonŋa◦bʌthámorpheme ‘fin (of fish)’Kosha 90: 6.1.8
Sorbungŋa ‘fish’Brown 37 Indo
Sorbungŋà◦míimorpheme ‘fish, flying’Mortensen 11 Sorbung
Sorbungʔəprefix◦ŋaa,◦ʔŋaa ‘fish (general)’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: Animals.153
Sorbungʔəprefix◦ŋaa◦cʉ́ʉmorpheme, ʔŋaa◦cʉ́ʉmorpheme ‘roe; eggs, fish’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: Animals.154
Sorbungʔəprefix◦ŋà◦míimorpheme ‘fin; scale of fish’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.187
Sorbungʔəprefix◦ŋà◦míimorpheme ‘scales (of fish)’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.258

1.3“Naga” Areal Group3

Maringhnga ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Maringhŋa ‘fish’Brown 37 Indo
Maringtaprefix◦nga ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)23

Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-ŋuʔ¹ n.‘fish’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.265
Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦ngo ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)³aprefix¹ŋuʔ ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 275
Ao (Mongsen: Khensa)áprefix-ŋàʔ n.‘fish’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.265
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-hŋáʔ n.‘fish (generic term)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)hŋà◦pàʔmorpheme n.‘gills’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagao¹prefix-ŋoʔ² n.‘fish’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.013
Lotha Nagaŋo²-tsok²morpheme-phen³morpheme n.‘basket for trapping fish’[Source note] fish-trap-INSTRBruhn 14 SuppCN
Lotha Nagango◦tsomorpheme◦phensuffix n‘net’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaoprefix◦ngo ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaoprefix◦ngo ‘fish’Murry 78: 45
Lotha Nagaōprefix◦ŋò ‘fish’Acharya 75
Lotha Naga¹omorpheme²ŋo(ʔ) ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 275
Yacham-Tengsaaprefix◦ngu ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrüthümorpheme◦ngü ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrüthüprefix◦ngüh ‘fish’Kumar 73 Yim: 79
Yimchungrü²tɯmorpheme◦(²)ŋɯʔ ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 275

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group2

Meluriaprefix◦nga ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Ntenyiaprefix◦nga ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group2

1.3.4Tangkhulic3

Tankghul (Central)samorpheme-ŋa ‘fish’Brown 37 Indo
Tusomsimorpheme-ŋi ‘fish’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.153

1.4Meithei2

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

1.7.1.1Bodo14

Bodoná ‘fish’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodoná bətímorpheme ‘fish (kind of)’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodoná dapklámorpheme ‘fish (kind of flat, big)’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodoná kursámorpheme ‘fish (kind of small)’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodoná sraŋmorpheme ‘fish (kind of small, round which jumps like a frog’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodoná tapolomorpheme ‘fish (kind of)’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodona◦kúmorpheme ‘fish bone’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodona◦kúmorpheme ‘bone (fish)’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodoŋa⪤na ‘fish’Benedict 72 STC: 189
Kokboroka ‘fish’Tripuri 88

1.7.1.2Garo5

Garona-tökmorpheme ‘fish’Benedict 72 STC: 189
Garonaʔ◦tokmorpheme ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 275
Garo (Bangladesh)na•-kammorpheme n‘dried fish’Burling 03 Garo: 5.401-II:idx

1.7.1.3Koch17

Atongna• n‘fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦garangmorpheme n‘type of electric fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦gungphelmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦jekmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦khamorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦lammorpheme n‘type of blue, purple river fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦matsamorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦patmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦phokmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦rongmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦rumorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦rymmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦rymmorpheme◦khumorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦sakmorpheme n‘type of red fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦sawmorpheme n‘fermented fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦wachakmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongna•◦wakmorpheme n‘type of fish’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte5

Noctenga ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Nocteŋaʔ ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 49

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang9

Changngau ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Khiamngan¹ŋo̥ᴜʔ ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 275
Phomnyah ‘fish’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomñæʔ³³ ‘fish’Burling 98 Phom
Phomñæʔ³³ʒæn³¹morpheme ‘dried fish ('fish'+'dry')’Burling 98 Phom

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

2.1.2.1Tibetan32

Tibetan (Batang)(ȵa²³¹) gũ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1276.03
Tibetan (Lhasa)ȵə¹³ri⁵²morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.02
Tibetan (Written)hya-sagmorpheme ‘scales (of fish)’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)nyɑ́-momorpheme ‘fish (female?)’Jäschke 1881

2.1.4Tamangish10

Gurung'taprefix◦ŋa n.‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 763
Manang (Gyaru)dar²morpheme ŋa² ‘fish’Nagano 84 Man: 302
Manang (Gyaru)dar¹morpheme ŋa¹ ‘fish’Nagano 84 Man: 075-01
Manang (Prakaa)¹təprefix◦rŋə ‘fish’Hoshi 84: 0089
Tamang (Bagmati)'taprefix◦rprefix◦ŋa n.‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 763
Tamang (Sahu)'tāprefix◦rngā ‘fish’Hale 73 CSD: 01.019
Tamang (Sahu)'taprefix◦rŋa ‘fish’Taylor 72 TmVo: 1.19
Tamang (Sahu)'taprefix◦rŋa ‘fish’Taylor 72 TmVo: 7.19
Thakalitaprefix◦rnga ‘fish’Hale 73 CSD: 01.019
Thakali (Tukche)tɔprefix◦rprefix◦ŋɔ ‘fish’Hari 71a ThVo: 1.19

2.2Newar6

Newarnya kwɛ̃morpheme ‘scales (of fish)’Shakya 89: 8.2.5
Newarnyā◦yamorpheme pɔpu:morpheme ‘gill (of fish)’Shakya 89: 9.2.4
Newarŋā ‘fish (general)’Genetti 90 NeQ2

2.3Kiranti1

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti11

LimbuŋEkmorpheme◦ŋa n.‘fish’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Yakhanaː◦saːgaːmorpheme uːlapmorpheme ‘fin (of fish)’Kohn 90: 6.1.8
Yakhana◦sagamorpheme uːnabakmorpheme ‘gill (of fish)’Kohn 90: 9.2.4
Yakhana◦sagamorpheme ɔmorpheme◦kɔp#783 PTB *kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’MesorootsPCN *kəp ‘SKIN / COVER (n.)’Allofams7a #783 PTB *kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’7b #5516 PTB *krap ‘SHELL / SHIELD’ ‘scales (of fish)’Kohn 90: 8.2.5
Yamphuceʔmorpheme◦læʔmorpheme◦ŋa n‘species of fish’Rutgers 98: 530.13
Yamphuhæŋmorpheme◦ŋa n‘species of fish’Rutgers 98: 537.02
Yamphuŋæ•morpheme◦ŋa n‘species of fish’Rutgers 98: 561.11

2.3.2Southern Kiranti5

BantawaNa n‘fish’Rai 85 BnDs
BantawaNa◦lapmorpheme ‘fin (of a fish)’Rai 85 BnDs
Chamlingnga◦samorpheme ‘fish’Winter 85
Kulungŋa ‘fish’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Dumiŋɨ ‘fish’Driem 93 Dumi
Dumiŋɨ-kɨrmorpheme-nɨsuffix ‘<basket> a pɨktsɨm / bamboo wicker creel used for carrying’Driem 93 Dumi

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulungŋoː ‘fish’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang47

Chepangbaŋmorpheme.hlemorpheme.beʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), a catfish, clings to underside of rocks, Pseudocheneis sulcatus?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbaŋmorpheme.hlyomorpheme.beʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), a catfish, clings to underside of rocks, Pseudocheneis sulcatus?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbelemorpheme.ŋaʔ.(duŋ)morpheme n.‘fish (sp.), medium-sized whitish flat, edible’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbhemorpheme.timorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbiʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), catfish, very large, with long barbels, Bagarius bagarius’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbiʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ.duŋmorpheme n.‘fish (sp.), catfish, very large, with long barbels, Bagarius bagarius (ch.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbumorpheme.dumorpheme.namorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), small black, Garra gotyla (<Nbuduna + ŋaʔ)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangcoʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish fry, fingerlings’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangdahloanword.ryaloanword.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), spotted, genus Botia (<N dahre tooth + ŋaʔ)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangdumorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), freshwater Minnow, Nemachilus (beavani?)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangdyopmorpheme.ʔamorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), clings to rocks with sucker, Pseudocheneis sulcatus (or a Glyptothorax species?)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepanggalmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), large black, Sciaena (coitor?) or Labeo (rohita?)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepanghlyoʔmorpheme.beʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), clings to underside of rocks, Pseudecheneis sulcatus’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangjaʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), medium-sized (about 50cm. long), long barbels, large mouth (like a tiger's), Barilius jalkapoorii or Seudeutropius murius?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangjyumorpheme.gamorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), about 20cm. long, caught with net, Garra gotyla’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkamorpheme.rimorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), medium-sized, Aspidoparia (morar?) (<N kərəŋi)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkhiʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ.(duŋ)morpheme n.‘fish (sp.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkhomorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish-trap (sp.), triangular, woven, put at end of a v-shaped dam’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkhunmorpheme.damorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), medium-sized, Semiplotus (semiplotus?)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkryusmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), Catfish, with wide, flattened head, Chacha chacha?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangləmorpheme.tarmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), very large’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangma.chaNepali loanword.ramorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), large (<N macha fish)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmoʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), Eel, Amphipnous chucia’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangneʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), small, with stinging spines near mouth, edible’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangpəymorpheme.samorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), with coin-like spots, genus Puntius’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangpəŋhmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (gen.), trapped in pool’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangramorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), flat circular with dorsal and ventral spines, tasty flesh, Colisa fasciatus’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangremorpheme.wamorpheme.jimorpheme.(ŋaʔ) n.‘fish (sp.), Tor (tor?)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangrumorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), Eel, with pointed snout, genus Mastacembelus’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangruʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (gen.), killed by poison’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangryumhmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘dried fish’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangsawʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), about 40cm. long, edible, genus Tor’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangsawʔmorpheme.ŋaʔ.duŋmorpheme n.‘fish (sp.), about 40cm. long, edible, genus Tor, (ch.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangsaŋmorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.) (ch.), medium-sized whitish flat, edible’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangsə.hərNepali loanword.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), genus Tor (<N səhər)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangthuŋmorpheme.gimorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), long beak-like jaws -teeth used to treat mud sores Xenentodon regan?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangtimorpheme.ryamorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.).with coin-like spots, genus Pontus?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangyamorpheme.ŋaʔ n.‘fish (sp.), small tail, short barbels, Wallago attu?’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangyamorpheme.ŋaʔ.duŋmorpheme n.‘fish (sp.), small tail, short barbels, Wallago attu? (ch.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangyulmorpheme.ŋaʔ.(duŋ)morpheme n.‘fish (sp.), like stickleback, makes round nest of grass’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangŋa ⪤ nya ‘fish’Benedict 72 STC: 189
Chepangŋa~ ńa ‘fish’LaPolla 87: 24
Chepangŋaʔ n.‘fish (gen.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Kham'ngā:h ‘fish’Hale 73 CSD: 01.019

3.2Qiangic5

Queyu (Xinlong)ȵa¹³ zo⁵⁵morphemeqa⁵⁵morpheme ro⁵⁵morpheme v.‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1276.13
Xumio⁵⁵ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.20

4Nungic12

Anongŋa ‘fish’LaPolla 87: 24
Nungŋuɑ⁵⁵ n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.21
Anongŋuɑ⁵⁵ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.44
Rawangŋɑ³³ ‘fish’LaPolla 03: 397
Rawangŋɑ³³ mitmorpheme khɛ³³morpheme ɛ³³morpheme vi.‘fish’LaPolla 03: 1265
Trung [Dulong]ŋɑ⁵⁵pɿɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.46
Dulongŋɯ⁵⁵tɕi⁵⁵morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.20
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ŋa⁵⁵ plaʔ⁵⁵loanword ‘fish’LaPolla 87: 24
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ŋɑ⁵⁵ plɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵morpheme ɹɯ³¹morpheme sĕʔ⁵⁵#1454 PTB *syap ‘SCALE (OF FISH OR REPTILE)’ ‘scales’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)nɑ̆m³¹ plɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵morpheme sun⁵⁵morpheme ‘scales’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.1Burmish42

Achang (Lianghe)ŋ̥ɑ³¹ʂɑ³¹morpheme ‘fish’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)kă³¹morphemeʂua³¹morpheme; ŋa³¹ʂua³¹morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.41
Achang (Longchuan)ŋa³¹ʂua³¹morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.28
Achang (Luxi)ŋa⁵⁵sa⁵⁵morpheme ‘fish’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)ŋ̊ɔ̆³¹ ʂɔ³¹morpheme a³¹prefix kɤp³⁵#783 PTB *kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’MesorootsPCN *kəp ‘SKIN / COVER (n.)’Allofams7a #783 PTB *kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’7b #5516 PTB *krap ‘SHELL / SHIELD’ ‘scales’Dai 89 Xian: 409
Achang (Xiandao)ŋ̊ɔ̆³¹ʂɔ³¹morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.29
Achang (Xiandao)ŋ̊ɔ̆³¹ʂɔ³¹morphemea³¹prefixkɤp³⁵morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.29
Bola (Luxi)ŋə̆³¹ta³¹morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.32
Hpun (Northern)tăprefix◦ŋàʼ, tăprefix◦ŋàh ‘fish’Henderson 86 Hpun
Langsu (Luxi)ŋə̆³¹tsɔ³¹morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.31
Lashiŋə̌³¹ pjɛ̱n³³morpheme ‘scales (of fish)’Dai 89 Lash: 8.2.5
Leqi (Luxi)ŋə̆³¹pjɛ̱n³³morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.33
Leqi (Luxi)ŋə̆³¹tso³³morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.33
Marmaŋə◦pǐmorpheme ‘fish sauce’Huziwara 08 Sak: 77c
Maru [Langsu]ŋə̆⁵⁵tsɔ³¹morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]ŋŏ²¹tso²¹morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]ŋŏ²¹tso²¹morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.42
Atsi [Zaiwa]ŋò◦tsòmorpheme ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 275

6.1.2Loloish3

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish20

Gazhuoŋa³¹mɛ⁴⁴morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.47
Nasuŋo³³ du²¹morpheme la̱⁵⁵morpheme ‘fin (of fish)’Chen 86 Yi: 6.1.8
Nasuŋo³³ se̱ṟ²¹morpheme ‘scales (of fish)’Chen 86 Yi: 8.2.5
Nusu (Northern)ŋɑ³⁵ ‘fish’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Mile)ᴀ³³morphemeŋo²¹ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.25
Yi (Mojiang)ŋo³³zo³³morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.26
Yi (Nanhua)ŋo⁵⁵ku³³morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.37

6.1.2.2Central Loloish52

Ahiɑ³³prefix ŋo²¹ i³³morpheme kɯ⁵⁵#783 PTB *kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’MesorootsPCN *kəp ‘SKIN / COVER (n.)’Allofams7a #783 PTB *kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’7b #5516 PTB *krap ‘SHELL / SHIELD’ ‘scales (of fish)’Luo 90: 8.2.5
Jinuoŋɔ³³ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.34
Jinuoŋɔ⁴⁴tɕi³³morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.44
Jinuo (Buyuan)ŋɔ⁴⁴tɤ³¹morpheme n‘fish’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)ŋ̊ɔ⁴⁴ʃɔ⁴⁴morpheme ‘fish’Gai 86
Jinuoŋɔ⁴⁴ʃɔ⁴⁴morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.44
Kucongŋʌ31 ‘fish’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Black)ŋᴀ⁵⁴ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.33
Lahu (Yellow)ŋa³ ‘fish’Chang 86
Lisu (Central)ngwa¹ ‘fish’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)ngwa¹-hchï⁵morpheme ‘fish (rotten)’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)ngwa¹-hu³morpheme ‘spawn (of fish)’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)ngwa¹-ju³morpheme ‘fish (salted and dried)’Fraser 22
Lisunɑ⁵⁵ v.‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1276.40
Lisu (Luquan)ŋo⁵⁵ n‘fish’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisuŋuɑ⁵⁵ n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.40
Lisuŋuɑ⁵⁵ ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.27
Lisuŋuɑ⁵⁵lɑ³¹morpheme ‘otter’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 133.27
Lisuŋwá ‘fish’Weidert 87 TBTo: 275
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵ N‘fish’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵ ji⁵⁵morphemefu³³morpheme ‘caviar; fish eggs’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵ la²¹morpheme N‘otter’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵ na⁵⁵morpheme ‘fish’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵baʔ²¹morpheme ‘fish gill’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵dʑi²¹morphemehɤ³⁵morpheme ‘belt fish’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵dʒu³³morpheme ‘dried fish’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵dʒɿ²¹morphemedu³³morpheme ‘fish spear’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵hwa³³morpheme ‘catch fish’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵hɔ³⁵morphemeɣɔʔ²¹morpheme ‘kind of fish, Rumex madaio’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵ka³³morphemela³³morpheme ‘hereditary skin disease which looks like fish scale’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵ka³⁵morphemethu³³morpheme ‘fish basket’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵kɔ³⁵morphemetɕhɯ³⁵morpheme ‘fish scale’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵la²¹morphememy³³morpheme ‘otter hair; velveteen’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵lɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘rock over which water falls (fish cannot get over)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵phu³³morpheme ‘open-bellied fish; whitefish (living in Nu River)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵tshɔ³⁵morpheme pɔ³³morphemetɕwa³³morpheme ‘string for tying fish’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵tɕhæ³⁵morphemepu⁵⁵morpheme ‘air bladder of fish’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵tʃɿ⁵⁵morphemedu²¹morpheme ‘fishing ground (where fish often gather)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋwa⁵⁵wa³³morpheme ‘fish-knot’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Yongsheng)ŋɑ⁵⁵ n‘fish’Xu 86 Lisu

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish21

Akha (Yunnan)ŋà sjhàmorpheme ‘fish’Hansson 89 AHKP: 14
Akha (Thai)ŋà-sjhàmorpheme ‘fish’Hansson 89 AHKP: 14
Hani (Lüchun)ŋà sjhàmorpheme/ŋà shàmorpheme ‘fish’Hansson 89 AHKP: 14
Hani (Dazhai)ŋa³¹de⁵⁵morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.31
Hani (Lüchun)ŋa³¹ɣo̱³³morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.41
Hani (Lüchun)ŋɑ³¹de⁵⁵morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.41
Hani (Pijo)ŋɔ̀ sjhɔ̀morpheme ‘fish’Hansson 89 AHKP: 14
Hani (Caiyuan)ŋɔ³¹sɔ³¹morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.30
Hani (Gelanghe)ŋa³¹ɕa³¹morpheme ‘fish’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Wordlist)ngaq◦ddeilmorpheme ‘fish’Hansson 89 AHKP: 14
Hani (Shuikui)ŋɔ³¹sɔ³¹morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.32
Hani (Khatu)ŋò shɔ̀morpheme ‘fish’Hansson 89 AHKP: 14
Hani (Mojiang)ŋɔ³¹ɣo³³morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.42
Hani (Mojiang)ŋɔ³¹ʃɔ³¹morpheme n‘fish’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0351.42
Mpiŋo² ‘fish’Hansson 89 AHKP: 14
Mpiŋo² ‘fish’Srinuan 76
Silaŋa21 dɯ55morpheme ‘fish’Kato 08 Lao: 119

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish6

Azhaa³³prefixŋɔ²² ‘fish’Pelkey 11 Phula: 127
Southern Mujiŋa⁵⁵mjɛ⁵⁵morpheme ‘fish’Pelkey 11 Phula: 127
Pholaŋɑ³¹zɨ̠²³morpheme ‘fish’Pelkey 11 Phula: 127
Hlepho Phowaŋa³³ɡɯ²¹morpheme ‘fish’Pelkey 11 Phula: 127
Phu Khaŋaʔ³⁵ ‘fish’Fried 00 PhuKha
Phuzaŋa³³za³³morpheme ‘fish’Pelkey 11 Phula: 127

6.2Naxi7

Laze (Xiangjiao)ɲi˩ze˥morpheme ‘fish’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3861
Laze (Xiangjiao)ɲi˩ze˥morpheme lɑ˧˥morpheme v.‘fish’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 2541
Na (Yongning)ɲi˧zo#˥morpheme ‘fish’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxiȵi³³kho⁵⁵morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.45
Naxi (Yongning)ȵi³³zo³³morpheme ‘fish’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 151.29

7Karenic3

Karenȵa³¹tθă³¹morphemebɯ³¹morpheme Nbp‘scale’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0352.50
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)ȵa³¹ tθă³¹morpheme bɯ³¹morpheme ‘scales’Dai 89 KarB: 409

8Bai6

Bai (Dali)kvmorpheme ngv 66 ‘fish (sp., Schizopygetaliensis)’Dell 81: 104
Bai (Dali)ngv 6 ‘fish’Dell 81: 291

9.0.1Old Chinese7

Chinese (Old/Mid)ngi̯o/ngi̯wo n‘fish’Karlgren 57 GSR: 79a-c
Chinese (Old/Mid)ŋi̯o/ŋi̯wo ‘fish’Chou 72: 79a-c
Chinese (Old)ŋi̯o ‘fish’Luce 85: W.5

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1455, *s-ŋya ‘FISH’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1455
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#189, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1455,
  title  = {{*s-ŋya 'FISH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1455},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1455}
}