Reconstruction analysis
handlekopinitialkrhymeopcoverK · T
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
Allofams
- 7a #783 *kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’
- 7b #5516 *krap ‘SHELL / SHIELD’
Notes
This etymon is probably related to #1233 PTB *(g/k)wap HATCH / INCUBATE / COVER. Cf. e.g. Ao (Chungli) si küp ‘skin’, küp bang ‘cover (v.)’. Jingpho ǹ-gùp ‘mouth’, despite its resemblance to Kaman gᴜ̀p ‘skin’ and a possible semantic connection with LIP, is only a remote candidate for relationship.
In several putative cognates (see Yakha, Achang, and perhaps Ahi and Lolopho) this etymon means ‘scales of fish’.
See also #5516 PTB *krap SHELL / SHIELD for a phono-semantically similar but probably distinct root.
Reflexes & cognates52 reflexes · 11 subgroups
1.1.2Deng1
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)27
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)sung#2658 PTB *si(ŋ/k) ‘TREE / WOOD / FIREWOOD’PTani *sɯŋ ‘WOOD / TREE’PKC *thiŋ ‘TREE / WOOD’PCN *siŋ ‘WOOD’PTk *tʰiŋ ‘WOOD’TGTM *ᴮsiŋ ‘TREE’PKir *siŋ ‘TREE’PLB *sikᴴ ⪤ *siŋ ‘TREE’◦kap ‘bark (of tree)’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)wa#2585 PTB *pwaːy ‘HUSKS / SHAVINGS / CHAFF’PKC *waay ‘HUSK / CHAFF’PNN *C-weːk ‘HUSK / HUSKS / CHAFF’PLB *pway² ‘HUSK / CHAFF’PKar *pheᴬ ‘BRAN, CHAFF’◦namorpheme◦kap n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)hŋa#1455 PTB *s-ŋya ‘FISH’PTani *ŋo ‘FISH’PKC *ŋaa ⪤ *hŋaa ‘FISH’PCN *a-hŋaʔ ‘FISH’PTk *ŋa ‘FISH’-kəp n.‘fish scale’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)paŋ#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’-kəp n.‘lip’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)səŋ#2658 PTB *si(ŋ/k) ‘TREE / WOOD / FIREWOOD’PTani *sɯŋ ‘WOOD / TREE’PKC *thiŋ ‘TREE / WOOD’PCN *siŋ ‘WOOD’PTk *tʰiŋ ‘WOOD’TGTM *ᴮsiŋ ‘TREE’PKir *siŋ ‘TREE’PLB *sikᴴ ⪤ *siŋ ‘TREE’-kəp n.‘bark ('wood' + 'skin')’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagamén̯#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’◦kēp> ‘beak’Acharya 75
Sangtamjing#336 PTB *r-k(y)aŋ ‘FOOT / LEG’MesorootsPKar *khaŋᴮ ‘LEG’Allofams1a #336 PTB *r-k(y)aŋ ‘FOOT / LEG’1b #338 PTB *r-kya-ŋ ‘FOOT’◦khüm n‘shoe’Marrison 67 Naga
Sangtamshu#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦küp ‘leather’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrüshi#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦küp ‘leather’Marrison 67 Naga
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian2
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang9
Changñek#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ kop ‘eyelid’French 83: 515
Changsammorpheme puŋ#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’ kop ‘lip’French 83: 515
2.1.2Bodic6
Tsangla (Central)ming#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦khop◦tang#711 PTB *dwaŋ ‘WING / HAND’Allofams16 #711 PTB *dwaŋ ‘WING / HAND’16a #710 PTB *dwaŋ ‘CUBIT’ ‘eyelid’This form shows an interesting semantic association between WING and EYELID, possibly because both of these body parts can flutter.Egli-Roduner: 32 3
Tsangla (Motuo)no¹³#470 PTB *nap ‘MOUTH’ waŋ¹³#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’ kʰop⁵⁵ taŋ⁵⁵morpheme ‘lip’Zhang Jichuan 86
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1
Yakhana#1455 PTB *s-ŋya ‘FISH’PTani *ŋo ‘FISH’PKC *ŋaa ⪤ *hŋaa ‘FISH’PCN *a-hŋaʔ ‘FISH’PTk *ŋa ‘FISH’◦sagamorpheme ɔmorpheme◦kɔp ‘scales (of fish)’Kohn 90: 8.2.5
4Nungic3
Trung [Dulong]ñi⁴⁴#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’ kop⁴⁴ ‘lip’Matisoff 87 BP
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)me⁵⁵#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ kɔ̆p⁵⁵ ‘eyelid’Sun H 82 Dul
6.1.1Burmish4
Achang (Luxi)ŋa⁵⁵#1455 PTB *s-ŋya ‘FISH’PTani *ŋo ‘FISH’PKC *ŋaa ⪤ *hŋaa ‘FISH’PCN *a-hŋaʔ ‘FISH’PTk *ŋa ‘FISH’ kjap⁵⁵ ‘scales’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)ŋ̊ɔ̆³¹#1455 PTB *s-ŋya ‘FISH’PTani *ŋo ‘FISH’PKC *ŋaa ⪤ *hŋaa ‘FISH’PCN *a-hŋaʔ ‘FISH’PTk *ŋa ‘FISH’ ʂɔ³¹morpheme a³¹prefix kɤp³⁵ ‘scales’Dai 89 Xian: 409
6.1.2Loloish1
6.1.2.2Central Loloish1
Ahiɑ³³prefix ŋo²¹#1455 PTB *s-ŋya ‘FISH’PTani *ŋo ‘FISH’PKC *ŋaa ⪤ *hŋaa ‘FISH’PCN *a-hŋaʔ ‘FISH’PTk *ŋa ‘FISH’ i³³morpheme kɯ⁵⁵ ‘scales (of fish)’Luo 90: 8.2.5
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #783,
*kwap ‘SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/783Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-783,
title = {{*kwap 'SKIN / LIP / SCALES (fish) / SHELL'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #783},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/783}
}