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STEDT #2585

*pwaːy

HUSKS / SHAVINGS / CHAFF
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlepwaːyinitialpwrhymeaːycoverP · W

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*waay ‘HUSK / CHAFF’PKC #1155
Northern Naga/Konyakian*C-weːk ‘HUSK / HUSKS / CHAFF’WTF-PNN: 506
Lolo-Burmese*pway² ‘HUSK / CHAFF’
Karenic*pheᴬ ‘BRAN, CHAFF’TL#34

Connections

HPTB*pwaːy ‘husk / chaff’pp. 23, 213, 217

Notes

An *r- prefix is attested in Qiangic/rGyalrongic. The final velar in Proto-Northern Naga is unexplained.

Chinese comparandum

秕 OC *pi̯ər, GSR #0566q ‘chaff’; Schuessler 2007:162 *piʔ; B & S 2011: *pijʔ; Mand. bǐ.

Comment: Also see 播 bò, a comparandum for #2184 PTB *bwar THROW AWAY / CAST / SOW / TOSS.

Reflexes & cognates127 reflexes · 24 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmanpwaay ‘chaff’[Source note] [G&C 77].LaPolla 87: 212
*Tibeto-Burmanpwaːy ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
*Tibeto-Burmanpwaːy ‘husk / chaff’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 608
*Tibeto-Burmanpwaːy ‘husks, chaff’Benedict 72 STC: 170

1.2Kuki-Chin3

*Chinwaay ‘HUSK / CHAFF’VanBik 09 PKC: 1155
Pankhuphəwai ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Pankhuphəwai ‘husks’Benedict 72 STC: 170

1.2.1.1Northern Chin8

Sizangtangmorpheme vai ‘husk’VanBik 09 PKC: 1155
Thadováay ‘husk’VanBik 09 PKC: 1155
Thadowai ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Tiddim-vaai ‘chaff’LaPolla 87: 212
Tiddim-vaːi ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Tiddimbu?³morpheme vaːi² ‘rice husk’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 128
Tiddimbuʔ³morpheme vaːi² ‘rice husk’VanBik 09 PKC: 1155

1.2.2Central Chin7

Lai (Hakha)famorpheme-vâay ‘husk, chaff’VanBik 09 PKC: 1155
Lai (Falam)famorpheme-vǎay ‘husk, chaff’VanBik 09 PKC: 1155
Lushai [Mizo]vái n‘husks of grain, chaff’VanBik 09 PKC: 1155
Rangkholśəbai ⪤ səvai ‘husks’Benedict 72 STC: 170
Rangkholśəbai~śəvai ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]pai be v.‘scattered, disperse; emigrate, migrate’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)5

*Aowaj ‘CHAFF, HUSK’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.269
Ao (Chungli)wa²nu²morpheme n.‘chaff, husk’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.269
Ao (Chungli)wa◦numorpheme n‘chaff’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)wa◦namorpheme n.‘husk’Coupe 07 Ao

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group8

Chokripha◦kukoimorpheme n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga
Maouprefix◦pfai ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Maouprefix◦pfai ‘husks’Benedict 72 STC: 170
Mao²oprefix³phi ‘husk’Weidert 87 TBTo: 285

1.3.3Zeme Group9

Liangmeichamorpheme◦phai n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga
Liangmeichamorpheme◦phai ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Liangmeikamorpheme-phǎ̱i ‘husk’Weidert 87 TBTo: 285
Maramaprefix◦pei n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga
Puironbai n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga
Zemekepai ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Zemekemorpheme◦pai n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic1

1.4Meithei3

Meitheiway ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077

1.5Mikir [Karbi]4

Mikir [Karbi]phe-ke ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Mikir [Karbi]phe◦ke n‘chaff’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]phe◦ke n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian2

From French 1983 (p.506): “Probably to be referred to PTB *pwaːy ‘husks, chaff’ via a compound like Mk. phe ke, id., accounting for the final -k. Cf. FRUIT(2), PTB *sey but NN *sek.”

*Northern NagaC-weːk ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
*Northern NagaC̥-weːk ‘husk’French 83: 506

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4

Changek n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga
Changek ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Konyakwek n‘husk’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyakwek ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

Jingphopōi v.‘blown, airborne, as fine chaff; be carried away by the wind’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Jingphošəmorpheme◦pói~šəmorpheme◦pōi ‘let scatter, cause to float in air’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077

3.2Qiangic28

Lyuzupha⁵³ n‘chaff / bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.18
Lyuzupha⁵³ n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.18
Muya [Minyak]pɐ³⁵vɐ³⁵morpheme ‘bran’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 405.15
Namuyiphɛ̱ʴ³³a³³prefixtshu⁵⁵morpheme ‘bran’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 405.19
Namuyiphɛ̱ʴ³³da⁵⁵morphemebo³³morpheme ‘husk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 406.19
Namuyiphæʴ³¹ n‘chaff / bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.46
Namuyiphæʴ³¹ n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.46
Pumi (Lanping)ba¹³tshu⁵⁵morpheme n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.09
Pumi (Qinghua)ba¹³si¹³morpheme ‘bran’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 405.11
Pumi (Qinghua)ba¹³tshu⁵⁵morpheme ‘husk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 406.11
Pumi (Taoba)be⁵⁵da³⁵morpheme ‘bran’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 405.10
Pumi (Taoba)be⁵⁵dʐu³⁵morpheme ‘husk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 406.10
Qiang (Longxi)zuàmorpheme pú ‘chaff, bran’Evans 99 Qiang: 614
Qiang (Mawo)dzəχmorpheme pɑ χɑmorpheme n‘chaff / bran (highland barley)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.08
Qiang (Mawo)ʁləmorpheme pɑ χɑmorpheme n‘chaff / bran (wheat)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.08
Qiang (Mianchi)dzuɛ̀morpheme pú ‘chaff, bran’Evans 99 Qiang: 614
Qiang (Mianchi)ímorpheme mèmorpheme-pù pù ~ ímorpheme mèmorpheme-pú pù ‘chaff, bran [b(maize)-m]’Evans 99 Qiang: 614
Qiang (Mianchi)lɛ̀morpheme pú pù ‘chaff, bran [wheat-bran-bran]’Evans 99 Qiang: 614
Qiang (Taoping)pə³¹bʐɑ³³morpheme ‘husk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 406.9
Qiang (Taoping)pə³¹tsɿ³³morpheme ‘bran’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 405.9
Xumidzɿ⁵⁵morphemephᴜ⁵³ n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.17
Xumiphᴜ³⁵ n‘chaff / bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.17
Zhaba (Daofu County)tʂo³³morphemepa⁵³ n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.14

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofudʐumorpheme ɬpɑ n‘chaff / bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.12
Daofudʐumorpheme ɬpɑ n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.12

3.3.1rGyalrong6

Caodengtɐprefix-ɣveʔ ‘bran’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɑprefix pɑi ndʐomorpheme n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.11
rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix rpᴇ n‘chaff / bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.11
rGyalrongtəprefix rpᴇ ‘bran’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 405.12
Caodengʃɔmorpheme-χpe ‘buckwheat-bran’Sun J 97 Cao
rGBenzhentəprefix-rpe ‘bran’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesepway² ‘husk / chaff’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 608

6.1.1Burmish6

Burmese (Written)phwaì ‘husks / chaff’Weidert 87 TBTo: 285
Burmese (Written)phwâi ‘husks, chaff’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)phwâi ‘husks, chaff’LaPolla 87: 212
Burmese (Written)phwaì ‘husks, chaff’Benedict 72 STC: 170

6.1.2Loloish2

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish5

Nusu (Bijiang)phe⁵³ɹi⁵³morphemeɑ⁵³morpheme ‘husk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 406.45
Nusu (Northern)phɯe⁵⁵ n‘husk’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)phɯe⁵⁵ n‘husk’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Nanhua)phɛ²¹se̱³³morpheme ‘husk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 406.24

6.1.2.2Central Loloish4

Lahu (Black)vàʔmorpheme-phɨ̂ ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Lisue⁵⁵morphemephɯ³¹ n‘chaff / bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.40
Lisuphɯ³¹sɛ³⁵ ‘husk’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 406.27
Lisuɕuɑ̱³³morphemephɯ³¹ n‘wheat bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0458.40

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish10

Akhaphỳ ‘husks’Hansson 89 AHKP: 311
Akha (Yunnan)xhàmorpheme phə̀ ‘husks’Hansson 89 AHKP: 311
Akha (Thai)xhàmorpheme-phỳ ‘husks’Hansson 89 AHKP: 311
Hani (Lüchun)xhamorpheme phỳ ‘husks’Hansson 89 AHKP: 311
Hani (Pijo)khɔ̀morpheme phỳ ‘husks’Hansson 89 AHKP: 311
Hani (Khatu)khàmorpheme phỳ ‘husks’Hansson 89 AHKP: 311
Mpikoʔ²morphemephɯ² ‘husks / chaff’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 077
Mpiphɯ² ‘husks’Hansson 89 AHKP: 311

7Karenic15

*Karenpheᴬ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
*Karen [Burling]phe⁴ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Karenphe⁵⁵gă³¹morphememu³¹morpheme n‘chaff / bran’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0457.50
Kayahphi³³ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Kayanphai⁵³ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Kayan (Pekon)pʰé N‘husk, chaff, bran’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayawphi⁵⁵ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Pa-Ophè ‘husk of rice’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Ophe ‘chaff, husks’Benedict 72 STC: 149n409
Pa-O (Northern)phe³¹¨ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Pa-O (Southern)phe³¹¨ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Pwo (Northern)phi³⁵ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Pwo (Southern)phi⁵³ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Sgaw (Northern)phe³³ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34
Sgaw (Southern)phe⁵⁵ ‘bran, chaff’Luangthongkum 13: 34

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2585, *pwaːy ‘HUSKS / SHAVINGS / CHAFF’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2585
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#170 cf 1006; cf. HPTB pp.23, 25, 213, 217
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2585,
  title  = {{*pwaːy 'HUSKS / SHAVINGS / CHAFF'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2585},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2585}
}