STEDT
Shape, Size, Color, Measure, Number, Time, Space  ›  Numbers and numeric expression
STEDT #2409

*b-ləy

FOUR
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleliyprefixbinitiallrhymeəycoverL · VLW

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*pri ‘FOUR’JS-HCST: 124
Tani*pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’
Kuki-Chin*lii ‘FOUR’PKC #1022
Central Naga (Ao Group)*phV-ləj ‘FOUR’PCN #112
Tangkhulic*ti ‘FOUR’DRM#351
Bodo-Garo*brəi ‘FOUR’
Northern Naga/Konyakian*bə ləy ‘FOUR’from French 1983:492
Tamangish*ᴮbli ‘FOUR’MM-Thesis: 736
Lolo-Burmese*b/ʔ-ləy² ‘FOUR’cf. HPTB pp.56, 477
Loloish*b-le² ‘FOUR’
Karenic*lwi-t ‘FOUR’from STC: 162n436

Connections

HPTB*b-ləy ‘four’pp. 48, 50, 69, 130, 147, 149, 153, 192, 200

Notes

For detailed discussion of the numeral FOUR, see Matisoff 1995 (“Numerals”), pp. 183-186.

The Chinese cognate has been disguised by a prefixal substitution of *b- to *s-.

Chinese comparandum

四 OC *si̯əd, GSR #518a-d ‘four’; Coblin 86:83 ST *bƚyid > OC *ljidh; Schuessler 2007:478 *sis; B & S 2011: *s.lij-s {s.li[j]-s}; Mand. sì.

Reflexes & cognates586 reflexes · 54 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7

1.1“North Assam”2

Sulung [Puroik]suat³³morphemevəʴi³³ ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.52

1.1.1.1Western Tani46

Apatanip(rj)ɯʔ-ñi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 HCST
Apatanip(rj)ɯʔ-ñi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 Tani
Apatanipì-ñe ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 Tani
Apatanipí-ñi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 Tani
Apatanipɯ-lje ‘four’[Source note] initial! (Sun 1993a).Sun J 93 HCST
Apatanipɯ-lje ‘four’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanipɯ-lji ‘four’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniaprefix-pi ‘four’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengniaprefix-pi ‘four’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengničam-piː-ni ‘eighty’also contains *čam, *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 Tani
Bengnila-piː-ni ‘eighteen’also contains *g/s-ni-smorphemeSun J 93 Tani
Bengnipiː-ni ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 HCST
Bengnipiː-ni ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 Tani
Bokaraprefix piː num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.24
Bokaraprefix-piː ‘four’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokaraprefix-piː ‘four’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarpiː ȵi ɯ jɯŋ num‘eighty’also contains *g/s-ni-s, *rjɯŋprefixHuang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.24
Bokarpiː ȵi num‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sHuang and Dai 92 TBL: 0804.24
Bokarpiː-ñi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 HCST
Bokarpiː-ñi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 Tani
Bokarpiː-ñi ɯ-jɯŋ ‘eighty’also contains *g/s-ni-s, *rjɯŋprefixSun J 93 Tani
Bokarɯ-jɯŋ piː-ñi ‘eighty’also contains *rjɯŋ, *g/s-ni-sprefixSun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobaaprefix piː ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.51
Bokar Lhobaaprefix◦pii ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200
Bokar Lhobapi ȵi ɯ jɯŋ ‘eighty’also contains *g/s-ni-s, *rjɯŋprefixSun H 91 ZMYY: 937.51
Bokar Lhobapiː ȵi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun H 91 ZMYY: 918.51
Galo`piinə n:num.‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sGLDC 09 Galo
Galoapprefix◦pii n:num.‘four’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoa◦cam-pɯ-nɤ ‘eighty’also contains *čam, *g/s-ni-smorphemeDas Gupta 63 Gal
Galoaprefix◦pːɯ ‘four’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoləpmorpheme◦pii n:time.‘four times’GLDC 09 Galo
Galopɯːnɤ ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sDas Gupta 63 Gal
Miri, Hilleprefix◦pi ‘four’Simon 76 Miri
Miri, Hillpine ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSimon 76 Miri
Nishingaprefix◦pi ‘four’Das Gupta 69 Daf
Nishingpíné ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sDas Gupta 69 Daf

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani12

Padam [Abor]pɯ-ñi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 HCST
Damupi(ː)-ȵiː ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 Tani
Damupət piː-ȵiː ‘eighty’also contains *g/s-ni-smorphemeSun J 93 Tani
Damupətmorpheme-piː ‘forty’Sun J 93 Tani
Damuʔaprefix-pi(ː) ‘four’Sun J 93 Tani
Milanghaŋtakmorpheme-kalomorpheme-pe ‘fourteen’Tayeng 76 Mil
Milanghaŋtakmorpheme-pe ‘forty’Tayeng 76 Mil
Milangpe ‘four’Tayeng 76 Mil
Milangpe-namorpheme-ɲimorpheme ‘fourth’Tayeng 76 Mil
Mishing [Miri]pi-ñi ‘eight’also contains *g/s-ni-sSun J 93 HCST

1.1.2Deng22

Darang [Taraon]ka:morpheme◦pra:i ‘four’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]ka:morpheme◦pra:i gõmorpheme ‘quadruple’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]ka:morpheme◦pra:i ha:prefix◦long#6168 PTani *rjɯŋ ‘TEN’ ‘forty’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]ka³¹morpheme prai³⁵ ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200
Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹morphemepɹɑi⁵⁵ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.22
Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹morphemepɹɑi⁵⁵ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.49
Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹morphemepɹɑi⁵⁵xɑ⁵⁵prefixlɯŋ⁵⁵#6168 PTani *rjɯŋ ‘TEN’ num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.22
Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹morphemepɹɑi⁵⁵xɑ⁵⁵prefixlɯŋ⁵⁵#6168 PTani *rjɯŋ ‘TEN’ ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.49
Darang [Taraon]paisa:morpheme ka:morpheme◦pra:i ‘anna’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]paisa:morpheme-ka:morpheme◦pra:i ‘anna (one)’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]paisa:morpheme◦ka:morpheme◦pra:i ‘pice (four)’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]timorpheme-ka:morpheme◦pra:i ‘one fourth’Anonymous xx Tar
Digarokəmorpheme◦prei ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200
Kaman [Miju]bɹɯ◦n³¹giɑp⁵⁵mu⁵³ ‘forty’suffix · morpheme · morphemeSun H 91 ZMYY: 933.48
Kaman [Miju]bɹɯ◦n³¹ɕi⁵⁵mu⁵³ num‘forty’suffix · morpheme · morphemeHuang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.23
Kaman [Miju]kɯ³¹prefix◦bɹɯ◦n⁵³suffix num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.23
Kaman [Miju]kɯ³¹prefix◦bɹɯ◦n⁵³suffix ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.48
Kaman [Miju]kʌ́mprefix-brî◦nsuffix ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 248
Idukɑ³¹morphemeprɯi⁵⁵ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.50
Idukɑ³¹morphemepɹɯi⁵⁵hɹoŋ⁵⁵morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.50
Yidukɑ³¹morphemepɹɯi⁵⁵ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.25
Yidukɑ³¹morphemepɹɯi⁵⁵hɹoŋ⁵⁵morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.25

1.2Kuki-Chin1

1.2.1.1Northern Chin6

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin10

Daaiʔpɣʰï ‘four’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 212
Khumiplúee ‘four’VanBik 09 PKC: 1022

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Hakha)pamorpheme-lîi ‘four’VanBik 09 PKC: 1022
Lai (Falam)pamorpheme-lǐi ‘four’VanBik 09 PKC: 1022
Lushai [Mizo]pàmorpheme-lí ‘four’VanBik 09 PKC: 1022
Lushai [Mizo]pamorpheme◦li ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]sámorpheme-pāmorpheme-lì ‘four’VanBik 09 PKC: 1022

1.3“Naga” Areal Group2

Maringphimorpheme◦li ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)40

Ao (Chungli)li◦rmorpheme ‘forty’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)pezü◦nukmorpheme ‘square’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)pezü◦sümorpheme ‘square’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)pə¹zə² num.‘four’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.328
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)jùŋmorpheme◦phəli nəmmorpheme ‘four fingers' width’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)li◦ɹa-ɹa ‘forty each’Coupe 07 Ao: 276
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)phəli-limorpheme ‘four each’Coupe 07 Ao: 276
Lotha Nagame¹-ʒə¹ num.‘four’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.112
Lotha Nagamezhü ‘four’Murry 78: 47
Lotha Nagaméžə̀ ‘four’Acharya 75
Sangtammüzyü ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga
Yacham-Tengsatalulemorpheme◦phale ‘fourteen’Marrison 67 Naga
Yacham-Tengsatalulemorpheme◦phungu ‘fifteen’Marrison 67 Naga
Yacham-Tengsatamongmorpheme◦phule ‘eighty’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic7

Huishuməmorpheme-kik ‘four’Mortensen 12 Tk: Numbers.004
Kachaipəmorpheme-tsɐ ‘four’Mortensen 12 Tk: Numbers.004
Tangkhulhangmorpheme◦mati ‘forty’Marrison 67 Naga
Tusomməmorpheme-lɯ-amorpheme ‘four’Mortensen 12 Tk: Numbers.004
Ukhrulməmorpheme-ti ‘four’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

1.7.1.1Bodo6

Bodobrəy ‘four’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodokamorpheme◦brəy mansəymorpheme ‘four men’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodopaŋmorpheme◦brəy talírmorpheme ‘four plaintain leaves’Bhat 68 Boro
Dimasabiri ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga
Kokborokbrəy ‘four’Tripuri 88

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongbyryi num‘four’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongchimorpheme bri num‘fourteen’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagabə ləy ‘four’French 83: 492

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte8

Noctebeli ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga
Nocteruakmorpheme◦beli ‘forty’Marrison 67 Naga
Nocte³bʌ³li ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 248
Tangsa¹bʌ²lʌi ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 248
Tangsa (Moshang)rokmorpheme◦bali ‘forty’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangsa (Yogli)raukmorpheme◦bülai ‘forty’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang7

Changlei ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga
Changlʌ̂i ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 248
Khiamngan¹²bɤ²le̥ ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 248
Konyakpeli ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga
Phoma⁵⁵prefix◦li⁵⁵ ‘four’Burling 98 Phom
Phomaprefix◦li ‘four’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho9

Jingphomali◦shimorpheme ‘forty’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphomă³¹li³³ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.19
Jingphomă³¹li³³ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.47
Jingphomă³¹li³³ ʃi³³morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.19
Jingphomă³¹li³³ʃi³³morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.47
Jingphomă¹li³³ ‘four’Liu 84
Jingphoməli ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakprɨ́-hvúmorpheme ‘four’Huziwara 08 Sak: 397

2.1.1Western Himalayish6

Kanauripö ‘four’Bailey 11
Kanauripö◦rāɔ̄morpheme ‘four hundredth’Bailey 11
Kanauripö◦rāʻmorpheme ‘four hundred’Bailey 11

2.1.2.1Tibetan32

Tibetan (Alike)wʑə ptɕəmorpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.05
Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hʑəp tɕəmorpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.4
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)wʑə ptɕəmorpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.5
Tibetan (Batang)ɣɪ⁵⁵tɕᴜ⁵³morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.03
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)ʑe³¹tɕu⁵³morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.3
Tibetan (Written)bzhi.bcumorpheme.thammorpheme.pamorpheme ‘forty’Sun J 85 TbGl: 283
Tibetan (Written)bźi-tshanmorpheme ‘collection of four (bźi) things’Benedict 72 STC: 100n284
Tibetan (Written)bʑi btɕumorpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.01
Tibetan (Written)bʑi btɕumorpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.1
Tibetan (Written)bʒi-bcumorpheme ‘forty’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)nyamorpheme-bz̀i ‘four principle muscles (calves and biceps)’Matisoff 87 BP: 74
Tibetan (Xiahe)ʑə tɕəmorpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.04

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchafali num.‘four’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.1.4Tamangish22

Gurungplihq ‘four’Hale 73 CSD: 09.02
Gurungplih◦jyuq ‘forty’Hale 73 CSD: 09.16
Manang (Prakaa)²pli◦cu ‘forty’Hoshi 84: 0677
Thakali'plih-cyu ‘forty’Hale 73 CSD: 09.16
Thakali (Tukche)'plih kɔlmorpheme-pemorpheme timorpheme-kɔlmorpheme ‘one-quarter’Hari 71a ThVo: 9.38
Thakali (Tukche)'plih kɔlmorpheme-pemorpheme timorpheme-kɔlmorpheme ‘two thirds’Hari 71a ThVo: 9.39
Thakali (Tukche)'plih-cjumorpheme ‘forty’Hari 71a ThVo: 9.16

2.2Newar4

Newarpe̩-gu:morpheme ‘four (inanimate)’Hale 73 CSD: 09.02
Newarpi:-gu:morpheme ‘forty (inanimate)’Hale 73 CSD: 09.16

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti3

Limbuliː◦simorpheme ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 248
Limbuli◦simorpheme ‘four’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Yampherimorpheme-dzi ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 703

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Kulungli◦chi ‘four’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang7

Chepangplay.joʔmorpheme ‘four’Hale 73 CSD: 09.02
Chepangpləy nm.‘four’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangpləy-joʔmorpheme ‘four’Caughley 72 CVoc: 9.2
Chepangpləy.jyoʔmorpheme nm.‘four’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang«pləy»-joʔmorpheme ‘four’Weidert 87 TBTo: 825
Magarbuli ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200

3.2Qiangic62

Ersuʐo³³ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.18
Ersuʐo³³bu⁵⁵morpheme ‘square’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 808.18
Ersuʐo⁵⁵zɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.18
Guiqiongtsɿ⁵⁵ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.17
Guiqiongʐə³⁵morphemetʂə⁵⁵ adj‘square / rectangular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.16
Lyuzuʐu³³zɿ⁵³morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.18
Lyuzuʐu⁵³du⁵³morpheme adj‘square / rectangular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.18
Muyarə̱⁵³ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.15
Muyaʑi³³tɕuə⁵³morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.15
Muyaʑi⁵³ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.15
Muya [Minyak]ʑi³³tɕyɯ⁵³morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.15
Namuyizɿ³³ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.19
Namuyizɿ³³dzɿ³³morphemeqɛ³³morphemeqɛ³³morphemetɛ³⁵morpheme ‘square’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 808.19
Pumi (Jiulong)zə¹¹dzɿ⁵⁵morpheme adj‘square / rectangular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.10
Pumi (Jiulong)ʒə³⁵qo⁵⁵morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.10
Pumi (Jiulong)ʒə¹¹ (lĩ⁵⁵morpheme) num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.10
Pumi (Jiulong)ʒə¹¹dzɿ⁵⁵morpheme adj‘square / rectangular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.10
Pumi (Lanping)ʒɐ¹³xqo⁵⁵morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.09
Pumi (Qinghua)ʒɐ¹³sqo⁵⁵morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.11
Pumi (Taoba)ʐɐ⁵⁵zə⁵⁵morphememə⁵³morpheme ‘square’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 808.10
Pumi (Taoba)ʐɛ⁵³ko⁵³morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.10
Pumi (Taoba)ʐɛ⁵⁵li⁵⁵morphememei³⁵morpheme ‘April’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 79.10
Qiang (Longxi)zɨ̀ sámorpheme ‘forty’Evans 99 Qiang: 1197
Qiang (Longxi)zɨ̀-duàmorpheme ‘limbs [four-limb/leg]’Evans 99 Qiang: 98
Qiang (Mawo)gʐu sumorpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.08
Qiang (Mawo)gʐə sumorpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.8
Qiang (Mawo)gʐə ɣru̥morpheme adj‘square / rectangular (lit. 'four corners')’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.08
Qiang (Mawo)gʐə ɤdʐumorpheme ‘square’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 808.8
Qiang (Mianchi)zɨ̀ sámorpheme ‘forty’Evans 99 Qiang: 1197
Qiang (Mianchi)zɨ̀ sámorpheme ȵàmorpheme à#3540 PTB *ʔa ‘ONE’ qómorpheme ‘forty-one’Evans 99 Qiang: 1198
Qiang (Mianchi)zɨ̀-ʑàmorpheme ‘limbs [four-m]’Evans 99 Qiang: 98
Qiang (Mianchi)ɦàmorpheme zɨ̀ ‘fourteen’Evans 99 Qiang: 1187
Qiang (Taoping)dʒɿ²⁴¹ʂɿ³³morpheme ‘April’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 79.9
Qiang (Taoping)dʒɿ²⁴¹χdzo³¹morpheme ‘square’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 808.9
Qiang (Taoping)dʒɿ³¹sɑ³³morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.9
Queyu (Xinlong)bʒi¹³rqa⁵⁵morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.13
Queyu (Xinlong)bʒi¹³ʁdə⁵⁵morpheme mə³³morpheme adj‘square / rectangular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.13
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]da³⁵morphemewa⁵⁵morphemeʑi³⁵pa⁵³morpheme ‘April’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 79.16
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ʑi³⁵tɕã⁵³morpheme ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.16
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ʑi³⁵ɣa⁵³morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.16
Xumiʐuɛ⁵⁵qa³³morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.17
Xumiʑyɛ³³ (ku⁵³morpheme) num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.17
Xumiʒuɐ³³ (ko³⁵morpheme) ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.20
Xumiʒuɐ⁵⁵qɛ⁵⁵morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.20

3.3rGyalrongic5

Daofuvʑə rgəmmorpheme bamorpheme adj‘square / rectangular (lit. 'four corners')’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.12
Ergong (Danba)wʑɛ sqhamorpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.14
Daofuɣɮə sqhamorpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.12

3.3.1rGyalrong6

rGyalrongkəprefix wdi ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.12
Caodengkə́prefix-vdɐ ‘four’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengvdé-rimorpheme ‘four hundred’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrongkoprefix de ‘four’Nagano 97 GyQ: 122
rGBenzhenkuprefix-di ‘four’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic15

Nungbɹi³¹ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.21
Nungbɹi³¹tshɑ⁵⁵ num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.21
Anongbɹi³¹tshɑ⁵⁵ ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.44
Nungbɹi³¹tɕhɔŋ⁵⁵morpheme adj‘square / rectangular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.21
Anongbɹi⁵³ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.44
Rawangəprefix◦bi³¹ ‘four’LaPolla 03: 848
Rawangəprefix◦bi³¹ sɛ⁵³ ‘forty’LaPolla 03: 866
Anongəprefix◦byi ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200
Dulongɑ³¹morphemebli⁵³ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.20
Trung [Dulong]ɑ³¹morphemebli⁵³ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.46
Dulongɑ³¹morphemebli⁵³sɑn⁵⁵ num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.20
Trung [Dulong]ɑ³¹morphemebli⁵⁵tsɑ̆l⁵⁵ ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.46
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)a³¹morpheme bli⁵³ ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200

5Tujia8

Tujia (Southern)ze¹³ ‘four’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)ze⁵⁵ ‘four’Tian 86
Tujiazie⁵⁵ num‘four’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0800.49
Tujiazie⁵⁵ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.38
Tujiazie⁵⁵xɯ⁵⁵morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.49
Tujiazie⁵⁵xɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.38

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.1Burmish40

Achang (Lianghe)mɛ³¹ ‘four’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)mɯ³¹ ‘four’Dai 85 AcJZ
Bola (Luxi)məi³¹thai⁵⁵morpheme num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.32
Burmese (Rangoon)le⁵⁵thɑ̃u⁵³morpheme adj‘square / rectangular (lit. 'four corners')’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.27
Burmese (Written)le³thɔŋ¹morpheme adj‘square / rectangular (lit. 'four corners')’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.26
Hpun (Northern)ɲì kɔ́ŋmorpheme, yì kɔ́ŋmorpheme ‘four things’Henderson 86 Hpun

6.1.2Loloish3

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish31

Gazhuoxɤ³³ ‘four’Dai 91 TB15
Nusu (Northern)vɹi³¹ ‘four’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)ɹui³⁵ ‘four’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Nanjian)ḷ(ɿ)³³ ; ḷ(ɿ)⁵⁵ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.23
Yi (Xide)l(ɿ)³³ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.21
Yi (Xide)l̩³³bo²¹morphemethi³³#1125 PTB *ti ‘BODY’ adj‘square / rectangular (lit. 'four square body')’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0989.35
Yi (Xide)lɿ³³-si³³morpheme ‘four limbs’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish37

Jinuo (Youle)li⁴⁴ ‘four’Gai 86
Jinuo (Buyuan)li⁴⁴ ‘four’Gai 86
Kucongɤ31 liɛ35 ‘four’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahuɔ̂ ‘four’LaPolla 87: 200
Lahuɔ̌n / ɔ̂n ‘four’Benedict 72 STC: 91n263
Lahu (Yellow)ɔ⁷ ‘four’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)dʑi⁴⁴morphemephɤ²¹morpheme li³³ kɤ⁵⁵morpheme ‘four glasses of wine’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³ Q‘four (with tone change); cf. li⁵⁵, li³³’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuli³³ ‘four’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 914.27
Lisu (Northern)li³³lø²¹morpheme ‘four pieces’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li³³tɕhø²¹morpheme ‘four sides’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li⁴⁴ Q‘four (with tone change); cf. li⁵⁵, li³³’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li⁵⁵ Q‘four; cf. also li³³, li⁴⁴’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li⁵⁵ ma³³morpheme ‘four’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li⁵⁵hæ̃³³morpheme ‘four hundred’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)li⁵⁵kɔ³³morpheme ‘four-surfaced pyramid’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemeza²¹morpheme li⁵⁵ jɔ³³morpheme ‘four persons’Bradley 94 Lisu

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish20

Mpili⁶ ‘four’Hansson 89 AHKP: 339
Mpili⁶ ‘four’Srinuan 76

6.2Naxi19

7Karenic27

*KarenlwíT ‘four’Jones 61: 107
*Karen (Central)hlwiᴬ ‘four’[Source note] The PK protoform cannot be reconstructed since PNK, PCK and PSK have different onset and tones.Luangthongkum 13: 124
*Karen (Northern)liKᴰ ‘four’[Source note] The PK protoform cannot be reconstructed since PNK, PCK and PSK have different onset and tones.Luangthongkum 13: 124
*Karen (Southern)lwiᴮ ‘four’[Source note] The PK protoform cannot be reconstructed since PNK, PCK and PSK have different onset and tones.Luangthongkum 13: 124
Bwelu⁵⁵ ‘four’Luangthongkum 13: 124
Kayahlwi³³ ‘four’Luangthongkum 13: 124
Kayan (Pekon)lwé̤- NUM‘four’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayanlwi⁵³ ‘four’Luangthongkum 13: 124
Kayan (Pekon)θamorpheme◦lwé̤ NUM‘four’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayawli⁵⁵ ‘four’Luangthongkum 13: 124
Pa-O (Northern)lip⁴⁵~lit⁴⁵ ‘four’Luangthongkum 13: 124
Pa-O (Southern)lip⁴⁵~lit⁴⁵ ‘four’Luangthongkum 13: 124
Pa-Olít ‘four’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Olít cɛ́ŋmorpheme ‘four corners’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Olít lîmorpheme ‘crossroads, four-way’Solnit 89 PaO

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old)s.lij-s {s.li[j]-s} ‘four’BaxterSagart 2011: 2637
Chinese (Old)s.lij-s {s.li[j]-s} ‘team of four horses’BaxterSagart 2011: 2638

9.0.2Middle Chinese2

Chinese (Middle)sijH ‘team of four horses’BaxterSagart 2011: 2638

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2409, *b-ləy ‘FOUR’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2409
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#410, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2409,
  title  = {{*b-ləy 'FOUR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2409},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2409}
}