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STEDT #2703

*s-tawŋ

THOUSAND

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletonprefixsinitialtrhymeoncoverT · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Karenic*g-thɔNᴬ ‘THOUSAND (people)’TL#298

Connections

HPTB*s-toŋ ‘thousand’p. 294

Reflexes & cognates115 reflexes · 19 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmans-toŋ ‘thousand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 207

*Tibeto-Burmans-toŋ ‘thousand’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 615

*Tibeto-Burmans-toŋ ‘thousand’Benedict 72 STC: 32

1.1.1.1Western Tani2

Bokar*toŋ-raː ‘thousand’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokartoŋ ra num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.24

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1

Lotha Naga¹oprefix³tɯŋ(ʔ) ‘thousand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 207

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakthóŋ-na ‘thousand’Huziwara 08 Sak: 405-11

2.1.2Bodic6

Bumthangtoŋ◦ʈha- ‘thousand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 207

Tsangla (Motuo)toŋ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tshona (Wenlang)toŋ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)tɔŋ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.6

Motuo Menbatoŋ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.07

Cuona Menbatɔŋ⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan12

Tibetan (Alike)rtoŋ zək num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.05

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)htoŋ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)rtoŋ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.5

Tibetan (Batang)tũ⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.03

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)tuŋ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.3

Tibetan (Lhasa)toŋ⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)toŋ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.2

Tibetan (Written)stoŋ ‘thousand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 207

Tibetan (Written)stoŋ ‘thousand’Benedict 72 STC: 32

Tibetan (Written)stoŋ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.01

Tibetan (Written)stoŋ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.1

Tibetan (Xiahe)htoŋ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.04

2.1.3Lepcha2

Lepchatúng◦chúrmorpheme num.‘hundred million’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

Lepchatung◦hrókmorpheme num.‘thousand’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]tụ ‘thousand’Li 97 Tangut: 0359

3.2Qiangic23

Ersuhpu⁵⁵morpheme(htu⁵⁵) ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.18

Guiqiongtũ⁵⁵ntshø⁵⁵morphemetɕɔ̃⁵³morpheme ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.17

Guiqiongtɔ̃⁵⁵tshu̵⁵⁵morphemeta⁵⁵morpheme (tɕuŋ⁵⁵morpheme) num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.16

Lyuzutu⁵³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.18

Muyatõ⁵³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.15

Muya [Minyak]to⁵⁵ntʂhɑ⁵³morpheme ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.15

Namuyitu³³ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.19

Namuyitu³¹ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.46

Namuyitɕi³¹morphemetu³¹ntshu³¹morpheme num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.46

Pumi (Jiulong)tõ⁵⁵tʂhɑ⁵⁵morpheme num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.10

Pumi (Lanping)stĩ⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.09

Pumi (Qinghua)stĩ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.11

Pumi (Taoba)tiã⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.10

Qiang (Longxi)àprefix tó-ʁuáloanword ‘ten million [thousand-ten.thousand]’Evans 99 Qiang: 1217

Qiang (Longxi)tú ‘thousand’[Source note] <WT stoŋ ?Evans 99 Qiang: 1212

Qiang (Mawo)(ɑ)prefix stu̥ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.08

Qiang (Mawo)(ɑ)prefix stu̥ ʁuɑnloanword num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.08

Qiang (Mawo)stuŋ tsu ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.8

Qiang (Taoping)χto⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.9

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tũ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.16

Xumitõ⁵⁵dʐa⁵³morpheme num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.17

Zhaba (Daofu County)ʂtᴜ̃⁵⁵ntʂha⁵⁵morpheme num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.14

3.3rGyalrongic3

Daofustoŋ (a gə) clf‘ten cents’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0907.12

Daofustoŋ (m) tʂhɑ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.12

Ergong (Danba)stɔŋ phʂɔ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.14

3.3.1rGyalrong5

rGyalrong (Maerkang)khrəmorpheme tsomorpheme stoŋ tsomorpheme num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.11

rGyalrong (Maerkang)stoŋ tso num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.11

rGyalrongstoŋ tso ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.12

Caodengstoŋ-tso ‘thousand’Sun J 97 Cao

rGBenzhenstoŋ-tso ‘thousand’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic3

Dulongtu⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.20

Dulongtu⁵⁵ clf‘ten cents’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0907.20

Trung [Dulong]tu⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.46

6.1.1Burmish12

Burmese (Written)htɔŋ² ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.39

Burmese (Written)thauŋ ‘thousand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 207

Burmese (Written)thauŋ ‘thousand’Benedict 72 STC: 32

Burmese (Written)thôŋ ‘thousand’Hansson 89 AHKP: 414

Burmese (Written)thɔŋ² num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.26

Burmese (Written)thɔŋ³ ‘ten thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 941.39

Burmese (Written)tθɔŋ³ num‘ten thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0827.26

Burmese (Written)əprefix-thoŋ n.‘thousand’Benedict 76 WBur

Leqi (Luxi)(ta³¹morpheme) to̱ŋ³³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.33

Leqi (Luxi)(ta³¹morpheme) to̱ŋ³³mun³¹ num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.33

Marmatəmorpheme-thɔŋ ‘thousand’Huziwara 08 Sak: 405-11

Marmatəmorpheme-θɔ́ŋ ‘ten thousand’Huziwara 08 Sak: 405-14

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishʔ-toŋ¹ ‘thousand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 207

*Loloishʔ-toŋ¹ ‘thousand’Bradley 79 PLo: 489

*Loloishʔ-toŋ¹ ‘thousand’Hansson 89 AHKP: 414

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish19

Gazhuotv³⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.47

Nusu (Central)tu³³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.34

Nusu (Northern)tu³¹ ‘thousand’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)ɕi³⁵morpheme; tu³⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.45

Yi (Dafang)to³³ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.22

Yi (Liangshan)tu̱³³ ‘thousand’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)thi²¹morphemeto³³ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.25

Yi (Mojiang)(thi²¹morpheme)to⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.26

Yi (Nanhua)thi²¹morphemetu³³ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.24

Yi (Nanhua)tu̱³³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.37

Yi (Nanhua)tu̱³³me²¹ num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.37

Yi (Nanjian)tu̪⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.23

Yi (Weishan)tu̪⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.36

Yi (Wuding)tv̩³³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.38

Yi (Wuding)tv̩³³ti³³ num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.38

Yi (Xide)tshɿ²¹morphemetu̱³³vɑ⁵⁵loanword num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.35

Yi (Xide)tu̱³³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.35

Yi (Xide)tu̱³³ clf‘ten cents’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0907.35

Yi (Xide)tu̱³³ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish8

Lisu (Northern)li⁵⁵#2409 PTB *b-ləy ‘FOUR’PTani *pri ‘FOUR’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *lii ‘FOUR’PCN *phV-ləj ‘FOUR’PTk *ti ‘FOUR’PBG *brəi ‘FOUR’PNN *bə ləy ‘FOUR’TGTM *ᴮbli ‘FOUR’PLB *b/ʔ-ləy² ‘FOUR’PL *b-le² ‘FOUR’PKar *lwi-t ‘FOUR’tu³³ ‘four thousand’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)thi²¹morpheme tu³³ ‘a thousand’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)tu³³ Q‘thousand’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisutu̱³³ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.40

Lisutu³³ clf‘ten cents’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0907.40

Lisutu³³mɯ³¹ num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.40

Lisutu⁴⁴ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.27

Yi (Sani)tv̩⁴⁴ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish7

Akhatháŋ ‘thousand’Hansson 89 AHKP: 414

Akha (Thai)tháŋ ‘thousand’Hansson 89 AHKP: 414

Hani (Lüchun)thɔ́ ‘thousand’Hansson 89 AHKP: 414

Hani (Dazhai)thɔ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.31

Hani (Lüchun)thɔ⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.41

Hani (Shuikui)thu⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.32

Hani (Mojiang)thu⁵⁵ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.42

6.2Naxi5

Na (Yongning)ɖɯ˧morphemetv˧ ‘1000’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Naxitv̩²¹ num‘thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0826.45

Naxitv̩²¹mɯ³³ num‘ten million’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0830.45

Naxi (Yongning)tv³³ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.29

Naxi (Lijiang)tv³¹ ‘thousand’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 940.28

7Karenic7

*Kareng-thɔNᴬ ‘thousand (people)’[Source note] *hreŋᴬ = thousand (amount of money), *g-thɔNᴬ = thousand (people).Luangthongkum 13: 298

*Karen [Burling]thɔŋ⁴ ‘thousand’Luangthongkum 13: 298

Bwegə³³thɔ⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Luangthongkum 13: 298

Kayawtho³³ ‘thousand’Luangthongkum 13: 298

Pwo (Southern)thɔ̃⁵³ ‘thousand’Luangthongkum 13: 298

Sgaw (Northern)kə¹¹tho³³ ‘thousand’Luangthongkum 13: 298

Sgaw (Southern)thu⁵⁵ ‘thousand’Luangthongkum 13: 298

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2703, *s-tawŋ ‘THOUSAND’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2703

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#032, HPTB p. 294

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2703,
  title  = {{*s-tawŋ 'THOUSAND'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2703},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2703}
}