STEDT
STEDT #2748

*ts(y)i(y) ⪤ *tsyay

TEN

Reconstruction analysis

handletsyiinitialts(y)rhymei(y)~tsycoverTS · WTS

Intermediate reconstructions

Tamangish*ᴮtsjui ‘TEN’
Lolo-Burmese*tsay¹ ‘TEN’
Loloish*tsay¹ ‘TEN’
Karenic*chejᴬ ‘TEN’TL#291

Connections

HPTB*ts(y)i(y) ⪤ *tsyay ‘ten’pp. 208, 212, 219, 510

Reflexes & cognates719 reflexes · 24 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmants(y)i(y)tsyay ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 073
*Tibeto-Burmants(y)i(y)tsyay ‘ten’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 618

1.1.2Deng1

1.7.1.1Bodo2

1.7.1.2Garo2

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte4

Nocteiprefix-tśi ‘ten’Benedict 72 STC: 408
Nocte¹wanmorpheme-¹ʌmorpheme¹tšhi ‘ten’Weidert 87 TBTo: 232
Tangsarokmorpheme-¹ši(ʔ) ‘ten’Weidert 87 TBTo: 232

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1

1.7.3.1Jingpho14

Jingphošī (ší in comp.) ‘ten’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 85
Jingphotśiśi ‘ten’Benedict 72 STC: 408
Jingphotśi~śī ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 073
Jingphoʃi³³ ‘ten’Liu 84

2.1.2.1Tibetan5

Tibetan (Written)btɕu num‘ten’After palatal initials, Written Tibetan fairly regularly has -u corresponding to front vowels in other languages. Cf. #2411 PTB *d/s-ləy BOW (weapon) / SLINGSHOT > WT gʑu. See Michailovsky & Mazaudon 1994:550-553 (“Preliminary notes on the languages of the Bumthang group”).Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.01

3.2Qiangic26

Ersutshɛ⁵⁵tshɛ⁵⁵ ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.18
Guiqiongsə⁵⁵khuɔ⁵⁵ num‘one hundred thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0828.16
Lyuzutɕhe⁵³tɕhe⁵³ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.18
Muyatɕuə⁵³ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.15

3.3.1rGyalrong29

rGyalrong (Maerkang)morpheme ngumorpheme ʃtʃᴇ num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.11
rGyalrongmorpheme ngumorpheme ʃtʃᴇ ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.12
Caodengmorpheme-ngəmorpheme-sqe ‘ninety’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengsqeʔ ‘ten’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengsqɐ́-mnemorpheme ‘twelve’Sun J 97 Cao
rGBenzhenmorpheme-ngumorpheme zdʒeʔ ‘ninety’Sun J 97 rGB
rGBenzhenzdʒeʔ ‘ten’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic19

Nungkuŋ⁵⁵morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ num‘sixty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0820.21
Anongkuŋ⁵⁵morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.44
Nungphɑŋ³¹morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ num‘fifty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0819.21
Anongphɔŋ³¹morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ ‘fifty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 934.44
Nungthi³¹morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.21
Anongthi³¹morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.44
Rawangthiʔmorpheme sɛ⁵³ ‘ten’LaPolla 03: 854
Rawangthiʔmorpheme sɛ⁵³ wan³¹ ‘ten million’LaPolla 03: 878
Anongɕɛn⁵⁵morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.44
Nungɕɛȵ⁵⁵morphemetshɑ⁵⁵ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.21
Rawangəʃatmorpheme sɛ⁵³ ‘eighty’LaPolla 03: 870

6.1Lolo-Burmese3

6.1.1Burmish130

Achang (Lianghe)tɑ³¹morphemetʂhɿ⁵⁵ ‘ten’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)tɕhe⁵⁵mun³¹ num‘one hundred thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0828.28
Achang (Longchuan)ɕet⁵⁵morphemetɕhe⁵⁵ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.28
Achang (Longchuan)ɕet⁵⁵morphemetɕhe⁵⁵ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.41
Achang (Luxi)ak⁵⁵morphemetshəi³⁵ ‘twenty’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)ta³¹morphemetshəi³⁵ ‘ten’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)çɛt⁵⁵morphemetshi⁵⁵ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.29
Achang (Xiandao)ta³¹morphemetshi⁵⁵ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.29
Burmese (Rangoon)ɕiʔ⁴morphemeshɛ²² num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.27
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)ɕiʔ⁴⁴morphemehsɛ²² ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.40
Burmese (Written)(tə)morphemechai ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 002
Burmese (Written)hrɑsmorpheme hsɑj² ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.39
Burmese (Written)hrɑs⁴morphemeshɑj² num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.26
Burmese (Written)tɑ¹morphemehsɑj² ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.39
Burmese (Written)morphemecʰay ‘ten’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 30
Burmese (Written)əprefix-chai ‘ten’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefixtshai ‘ten’Weidert 87 TBTo: 232
Burmese (Written)ʔəprefixchai ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 073
Langsu (Luxi)kuk³¹morphemetshɛ³¹ num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.31
Langsu (Luxi)pjik³¹morphemetshɛ³¹ num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.31
Langsu (Luxi)ʃɛʔ⁵⁵morphemetshɛ³¹ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.31
Leqi (Luxi)sə̱t⁵⁵morphemetshe³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.33
Leqi (Luxi)tă³¹morphemetshe³³ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.33
Marmakhənɔiʔmorpheme-che ‘seventy’Huziwara 08 Sak: 404-8
Marmaʃɔiʔmorpheme-che ‘eighty’Huziwara 08 Sak: 404-9
Maru [Langsu]kuk³¹morphemetshɛ³¹ ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.43
Maru [Langsu]pjik³¹morphemetshɛ³¹ ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.43
Maru [Langsu]morpheme tshɛ³¹ ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.43
Maru [Langsu]ʃɛʔ⁵⁵morphemetshɛ³¹ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]ʃit⁵⁵morphemetshe⁵¹ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]ʃit⁵⁵morphemetshe⁵¹ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.42

6.1.2Loloish3

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish125

Gazhuotsʰi³³ ‘ten’Dai 91 TB15
Gazhuoxɤ³³morphemetshi³³tɛ³¹ num‘fifty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0819.47
Gazhuoɕi³¹morphemetshi³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.47
Nusu (Bijiang)n̥ə̃ɹ⁵⁵morphemetshe³⁵ ‘seventy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 936.45
Nusu (Central)n̥ɚ⁵⁵morphemetshe³³ num‘seventy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0821.34
Nusu (Northern)tshe³⁵ ‘ten’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)tshe³⁵ ‘ten’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)ɕɚ̱⁵³morphemetshe³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.34
Nusu (Bijiang)ʂɑʴ⁵³morphemetshe³⁵ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.45
Yi (Mile)xi̱²¹morphemetshi³³ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.25
Yi (Mojiang)he̱²¹morphemetshɯ²¹ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.26
Yi (Nanhua)he̱⁵⁵morphemetshi³³ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.24
Yi (Nanhua)tshi³³me²¹ num‘one hundred thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0828.37
Yi (Nanhua)xe̱⁵⁵morphemetshi²¹ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.37
Yi (Nanjian)hi̱²¹morphemetɕhi⁵⁵ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.23
Yi (Nanjian)tɕhi⁵⁵ ; tɕi⁵⁵ ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.23
Yi (Weishan)hɪ̱²¹morphemetɕhi⁵⁵ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.36
Yi (Wuding)hi̱⁵⁵morphemetshe¹¹ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.38
Yi (Wuding)tshe¹¹ȵe¹¹ num‘one hundred thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0828.38
Yi (Xide)fu⁵⁵morphemetshi³³ num‘sixty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0820.35
Yi (Xide)fu⁵⁵morphemetshi³³ ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.21
Yi (Xide)hi⁵⁵morphemetshi³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.35
Yi (Xide)hi⁵⁵morphemetshi³³ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.21
Yi (Xide)tshi³³vɑ⁵⁵loanword num‘one hundred thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0828.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish91

Jinuo (Youle)tshə⁴² ‘ten’Gai 86
Jinuotshɤ⁴² num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.44
Jinuotshɯ⁴² ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.34
Jinuotɕy³³probable loanwordtshɯ⁴² ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.34
Jinuotɕy⁴⁴probable loanwordtshə³³ num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.44
Jinuoxɛ⁴⁴morphemetshə³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.44
Jinuoxɛ⁴⁴morphemetshɯ⁴² ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.34
Kucongtɕhi33 ma31 ‘ten’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)te⁵³morphemetɕhi³³ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.43
Lahu (Lancang)xi³⁵morphemetɕhi³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.43
Lahu (Black)(tê)morphemechi ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 002
Lahu (Black)morpheme cʰi ‘ten’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 30
Lahu (Black)te⁵³morphemetshi³³ ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.33
Lahu (Black)xe³⁵morphemetshi³³ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.33
Lahu (Yellow)ti³morphemetɕhi¹ ‘ten’Chang 86
Lisuhẽ̱³¹morphemetshi̱³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.40
Lisuhe⁴¹morphemetshɿ⁴⁴ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.27
Lisuhtsi⁴ ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 073
Lisu (Central)htsi⁴ ‘ten’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)thi²¹morpheme tshi³³ ‘ten’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshi³³ Q‘ten; pick up’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutshi̱³³ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.40
Lisu (Northern)tshi³³ khɔʔ²¹ ‘ten years’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutshɿ⁴⁴ ‘ten’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 920.27
Yi (Sani)he²morphemetshɪ³³ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish62

Akhatse⁵⁵ ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 073
Bisutshɛ̀ ‘ten’Bradley 9x Bisu
Hani (Dazhai)ku̱³¹morphemetshe⁵⁵ ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.31
Hani (Dazhai)ɕe̱³¹morphemetshe⁵⁵ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.31
Hani (Lüchun)ku̱³¹morphemetshe⁵⁵ num‘sixty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0820.41
Hani (Lüchun)ɕe̱³¹morphemetshe⁵⁵ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.41
Hani (Caiyuan)khv̱³¹morphemetshɤ⁵⁵ ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.30
Hani (Caiyuan)tsi³¹morphemetshɤ⁵⁵ ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.30
Hani (Caiyuan)xe̱³¹morphemetshɤ⁵⁵ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.30
Hani (Shuikui)khv̱̩³¹morphemetshɛ⁵⁵ ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.32
Hani (Shuikui)xɛ̱³¹morphemetshɛ⁵⁵ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.32
Hani (Mojiang)khv̱³¹morphemetshɛ⁵⁵ num‘sixty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0820.42
Hani (Mojiang)xɛ̱³¹morphemetshɛ⁵⁵ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.42
Côông [Phunoi]morpheme ‘ten’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 073

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5

Azhaʦʰɛ²¹ ‘ten’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1067
Pholaʦʰɛ⁵⁵ ‘ten’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1067
Phuzaʦʰə³¹ ‘ten’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1067

6.2Naxi134

Laze (Xiangjiao)tsʰi˥gv˧morpheme ‘10’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1721
Laze (Xiangjiao)tsʰi˥ɕi˩morphemegv˩morpheme ‘18’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1729
Laze (Xiangjiao)tsʰi˥ɖɯ˥morphemegv˥morpheme ‘11’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1722
Laze (Xiangjiao)tsʰi˥ʈv˥morpheme ‘10,000’[Source note] probably a borrowing from a Chinese dialect, since disappearedMichaud 06 NaLaze: 1750
Laze (Xiangjiao)tsʰi˥ʈv˥morphemegv˥morpheme ‘10,000’[Source note] probably a borrowing from a Chinese dialect, since disappearedMichaud 06 NaLaze: 1750
Laze (Xiangjiao)ɕi˩morphemetsʰi˩gv˩morpheme ‘80’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1746
Na (Yongning)hũ˩morphemetsʰi˧˥ ‘80’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)tsʰe˧ɖɯ˧morpheme ‘11’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)tsʰe˩hũ˩˧morpheme ‘18’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxitshe²¹mɯ³³ num‘one hundred thousand’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0828.45
Naxitshe²¹χo⁵⁵morpheme num‘eighteen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0814.45
Naxitshe³³dɯ²¹morpheme num‘eleven’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0807.45
Naxi (Lijiang)tshe³³dɯ³¹morpheme ‘eleven’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 921.28
Naxi (Yongning)tshe³³dɿ³³morpheme ‘eleven’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 921.29
Naxi (Lijiang)tshe³¹də³³morpheme ‘November’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 86.28
Naxi (Lijiang)tshe³¹me³³morpheme ‘October’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 85.28
Naxi (Lijiang)tshe³¹xo⁵⁵morpheme ‘eighteen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 928.28
Naxi (Yongning)tshe³¹xu¹³morpheme ‘eighteen’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 928.29
Naxi (Lijiang)xo³³morphemetshəɹ³¹ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.28
Naxi (Yongning)xu³¹morphemetshɿ¹³ ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.29
Naxiχo⁵⁵morphemetshɚ²¹ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.45

7Karenic28

*Karenchìh ‘ten’Jones 61: 164
Bweʃi⁵⁵ ‘ten’Luangthongkum 13: 291
Karenjɛ³¹morphemetshi⁵⁵ num‘fifty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0819.50
Karentø̱⁵⁵morphemetshi⁵⁵ num‘ten’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0806.50
Karenxɔ̱³¹morphemetshi⁵⁵ num‘eighty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0822.50
Karenxɯ̱i⁵⁵morphemetshi⁵⁵ num‘sixty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0820.50
Kayahchə³³ ‘ten’Luangthongkum 13: 291
Kayan (Pekon)sʰɨ́ NUMb‘ten’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayanthɨ⁵³ ‘ten’Luangthongkum 13: 291
Kayawɕi⁵⁵ ‘ten’Luangthongkum 13: 291
Pa-Omorphemechì ‘ten’Solnit 89 PaO

8Bai32

Bai (Bijiang)fu⁴⁴morphemetʂeɹ⁴² ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.37
Bai (Bijiang)ku³³morphemetʂeɹ⁴² ‘twenty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 930.37
Bai (Bijiang)ku³³morphemetʂeɹ⁴²e⁴⁴ ‘twenty-one’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 931.37
Bai (Bijiang)si⁴⁴loanwordtʂeɹ⁴² ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.37
Bai (Bijiang)tshi⁴⁴loanwordtʂəɹ⁴² ‘seventy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 936.37
Bai (Bijiang)tɕi³³morphemetʂeɹ⁴² ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.37
Bai (Bijiang)tɕuɑ⁴⁴morphemetʂeɹ⁴² ‘eighty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 937.37
Bai (Dali)fv⁴⁴morphemetsi⁴² ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.35
Bai (Dali)tsw 8 ‘ten’Dell 81: 738
Bai (Dali)tɕhi³¹loanwordtsi⁴² ‘seventy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 936.35
Bai (Dali)ɕi⁴⁴probable loanwordtshi⁴² ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.35
Bai (Jianchuan)fv̱³³morphemetsa̱²¹ num‘sixty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0820.48
Bai (Jianchuan)fv⁴⁴morphemetsɛ⁴² ‘sixty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 935.36
Bai (Jianchuan)tɕhi̱³³loanwordtsa̱²¹ num‘seventy’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0821.48
Bai (Jianchuan)tɕhi³¹loanwordtsɛ⁴² ‘seventy’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 936.36
Bai (Jianchuan)tɕə³³morphemetsa̱²¹ num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.48
Bai (Jianchuan)tɕɯ³³morphemetsɛ⁴² ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.36
Bai (Jianchuan)ɕi²¹probable loanwordtsa̱²¹ num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.48
Bai (Jianchuan)ɕi̱³³probable loanwordtsa̱²¹ num‘forty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0818.48
Bai (Jianchuan)ɕi³¹probable loanwordtsɛ⁴² ‘forty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 933.36

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2748, *ts(y)i(y) ⪤ *tsyay ‘TEN’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2748
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#408
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2748,
  title  = {{*ts(y)i(y) ⪤ *tsyay 'TEN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2748},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2748}
}