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STEDT #2411

*d/s-ləy

BOW (weapon) / SLINGSHOT

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleliyprefixd/sinitiallrhymeəycoverL · VLW

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*rji ‘BOW (WEAPON)’JS-HCST: 143

Kuki-Chin*lii ‘BOW / SPRING’PKC #994

Central Naga (Ao Group)*li-tʃak ‘BOW / SLINGSHOT’

Northern Naga/Konyakian*laᴮ ‘BOW’

Karenic*khli ‘BOW (weapon)’

Karenic*klejᴮ ‘CROSSBOW’TL#69

Connections

HPTB*g/b/m-la-y ‘arrow’pp. 50, 80, 133, 145, 165, 486

HPTB*d/s-ləy ‘bow / slingshot’pp. 48, 50, 140, 192

Notes

Although this etymon always means BOW in TB, the putative Chinese cognate means ARROW, a nice example of metonymy.

Chinese comparandum

矢 OC *śi̯ər, GSR #560a ‘arrow’; B & S 2011: *l̥ijʔ {l̥i[j]ʔ}; Mand. shǐ.

Reflexes & cognates149 reflexes · 33 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmand-liy n.‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 118

*Tibeto-Burmand-liy n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 463

*Tibeto-Burmand-ləy n.‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 262

*Tibeto-Burmand/s-ləy ‘bow / slingshot’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 600

1.1“North Assam”1

Sulung [Puroik]lei⁵³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.52

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanirji ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 93 HCST: 42

1.1.1.1Western Tani14

Apataniaprefix-li ‘bow (weapon)’[Source note] initial!Sun J 93 HCST

Apataniaprefix-li n‘bow’Sun J 93 Tani

Apataniaprefix-ljí ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniəprefix-rji ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengniɯprefix-ri n‘bow’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokariː n‘bow’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokariː n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.24

Bokariː =/i-ji/ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokar Lhobaiː ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.51

Galoiprefix◦re ‘bow’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galoɨprefix◦rə n.‘bow’GLDC 09 Galo

Galoɨprefix◦rə-`uprefix◦puk#6536 PTani *puk ‘ARROW’ n.‘bow-and-arrow’GLDC 09 Galo

Miri, Hilliprefix◦ri ‘bow’Simon 76 Miri

Nishingiprefix◦ri ‘bow’Das Gupta 69 Daf

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani3

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]iprefix-ji ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 93 HCST

Damuʔaprefix-li cf. 'cat' ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 93 Tani

Milangatprefix-yi ‘bow’Tayeng 76 Mil

1.1.2Deng6

Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹prefixlɑi⁵³ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.22

Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹prefixlɑi⁵³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.49

Idui⁵⁵prefixli⁵⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.50

Iduiprefix◦lyi◦pramorpheme ‘bow’Anonymous 62 Idu

Iduiprefix◦ȴi◦pramorpheme ‘bow’Pulu 78

Yidui⁵⁵prefixli⁵⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.25

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinlii ‘BOW / SPRING’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

1.2.1.1Northern Chin2

Thadosáay#4599 PKC *tshaay ‘SLINGSHOT’ lîi ‘slingshot’VanBik 09 PKC: 599

Thadosǎay#4599 PKC *tshaay ‘SLINGSHOT’ lîi ‘bow’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin14

Ashoaprefix◦lí ‘bow’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

Chinbonlí ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

Cho (Mindat)li ‘bow (to shoot arrow)’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

Daailí ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

Daaili ‘crossbow’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

Khumile ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

Khumithay#2688 PTB *tal ‘ARROW / BOW (weapon)’PKC *thal ‘ARROW’◦li◦hómorpheme ‘bow’VanBik 09 PKC: 374

Khumithay#2688 PTB *tal ‘ARROW / BOW (weapon)’PKC *thal ‘ARROW’◦li◦hómorpheme ‘bow’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

Matuli ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

Mkaanglí ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

Mkaangli.pi#6012 NEIA *pi(t) ‘RAINBOW’ ‘rainbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 8

Ngmüünŋ̩li ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

Nyhmoyeliː ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

Wakungleⁱ ‘crossbow’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 202

1.2.2Central Chin3

Lai (Hakha)lìi ‘bow’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

Lai (Falam)lîi ‘bow’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

Lushai [Mizo]lî n‘spring (of gun, watch, etc.)’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]lí n‘bow for arrows, a spring of a gun’VanBik 09 PKC: 994

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)8

*Aoli-tʃakmorpheme ‘BOW / SLINGSHOT’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.150

Ao (Chungli)li³tʃak³morpheme n.‘bow, slingshot’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.150

Ao (Chungli)li◦jakmorpheme ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)³li³tšakmorpheme n.‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 118

Ao (Chungli)³li³tšakmorpheme n‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)li◦chakmorpheme ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)li◦tʃakmorpheme n.‘catapult/bow’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)li◦tʃakmorpheme-tʃaŋ#3590 PTB *tsyaŋ ‘ROUND OBJECT / SEED / NUT / TESTICLE’PCN *tsaŋ ‘SEED, NUT’ n.‘arrow ('catapult/bow' + 'seed')’Coupe 07 Ao

1.4Meithei1

Meitheili◦rungmorpheme ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

Mikir [Karbi]li◦thai#2688 PTB *tal ‘ARROW / BOW (weapon)’PKC *thal ‘ARROW’ ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagalaᴮ ‘bow’French 83: 461

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa (Moshang)la ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Changlau ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Konyaklah ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

Jingphokuŋmorpheme-li n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 132n360

Jingpho (Assam)kəmorpheme◦li ndanmorpheme n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 132n360

2.1.2Bodic7

Tsangla (Motuo)li ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.7

Tsangla (Motuo)li¹³ ‘bow (weapon)’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)li ‘bow (weapon)’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tshona (Wenlang)li³⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)li¹³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.6

Motuo Menbali n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.07

Cuona Menbali³⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan13

Tibetan (Alike)ɣjə n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.05

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hʑə ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ɣʑə ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ʑə ‘bow’Sun J 85 Amdo: 91

Tibetan (Batang)ɣᴜ⁵³ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.03

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)ɣu⁵³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.3

Tibetan (Spiti)ʒú ‘bow’Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp

Tibetan (Spiti)ʒu ‘bow (for arrows)’Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp

Tibetan (Written)gzhu ‘bow’Sun J 85 TbGl: 91

Tibetan (Written)gźu(-momorpheme) n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 96n277

Tibetan (Written)gʑu n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.01

Tibetan (Written)gʑu ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.1

Tibetan (Written)ɣu ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchasali n.‘bow’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Limbuli ‘bow (weapon)’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Limbuliʔ n.‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 118

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Kulungli◦phumorpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Rai 75 Kul

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]lhjɨ̣ ‘bow, crossbow’Li 97 Tangut: 5667

3.2Qiangic14

Ersusi⁵⁵morphemeli⁵⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.18

Muyaʑə³³mɑ⁵³morpheme n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.15

Muya [Minyak]ʑɯ³³mɐ⁵⁵morpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.15

Namuyili⁵³ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.46

Pumi (Lanping)ʒə⁵⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.09

Pumi (Qinghua)ʒə⁵⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.11

Pumi (Taoba)zə⁵³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.10

Qiang (Mianchi)lə̀ n.‘bow’Evans 99 Qiang: 902

Qiang (Taoping)lə³¹ma³³morpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.9

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lə⁵⁵sẽ⁵⁵morpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.16

Queyu (Xinlong)ʁji⁵⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.13

Xumilyɛ³³mi³³morpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.20

Xumilɛ⁵⁵mi³³morpheme n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.17

Zhaba (Daofu County)ʑi¹³ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.14

3.3rGyalrongic1

Ergong (Danba)ɦɔmorpheme ɮi ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.14

6.1.1Burmish19

Achang (Xiandao)xo³¹morphemel̥ai³⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.29

Bola (Luxi)li³¹ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.32

Burmese (Rangoon)le⁵⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)le⁵⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.40

Burmese (Written)lâŋmorpheme-lê n.‘bow’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 239

Burmese (Written)lè n.‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 262

Burmese (Written)lê ‘bow for shooting’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)lè n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 91n263

Burmese (Written)le: ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)le³ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.26

Burmese (Written)le³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.39

Hpun (Northern)lauʔmorpheme le ‘bow (pellet)’Henderson 86 Hpun

Langsu (Luxi)la³⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.31

Leqi (Luxi)lei³³ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.33

Marmahlé ‘bow (weapon)’Huziwara 08 Sak: 144

Marmalɔʔmorpheme◦hlě ‘slingshot’Huziwara 08 Sak: 144a

Maru [Langsu]la³⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.43

Atsi [Zaiwa]lai²¹ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]lai²¹ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.42

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishle² n.‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 262

*Loloishle² ‘bow’Bradley 79 PLo: 264

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish4

Nusu (Northern)li³⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)li⁵³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.45

Nusu (Southern)li⁵⁵ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)li⁵⁵ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.34

6.1.2.2Central Loloish7

Jinuo (Youle)lɤ⁴²pjɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Gai 86

Jinuolɯ⁴²pja⁵⁵morpheme n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.44

Jinuosɔ³³morphemelɯ³³ ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.34

Lahuhɔ̂ n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 61n195

Lahuhɔ̌-màsuffix n‘bow (weapon)’This tone mark in STC is in error.Benedict 72 STC: 91n263

Lahu (Lancang)lɛ³⁵bɔ⁵⁴morpheme n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.43

Lahu (Black)lɛ³⁵bɔ⁵⁴morpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.33

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Akhaò̈ n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 61n195

6.2Naxi3

Laze (Xiangjiao)ɬie˩ ‘bow’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1343

Naxilɯ³³me³³morpheme n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.45

Naxi (Lijiang)lɯ³³me³³morpheme ‘bow (weapon)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 427.28

7Karenic25

*Karenkhli n‘bow (weapon)’Benedict 72 STC: 132n360

*Karen (Pwo)khlíq ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)khlíq ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

*Karen [Burling]khli² ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

*Karen (Sgaw)khlíʔ ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

*Karen (TP)khríq ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

*Karenkhríq ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

*Karenklejᴮ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Bwekhli³³ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Karenkhli³¹ n‘bow (for arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0636.50

Kayahklə¹¹ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Kayawkhli¹¹ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Pa-O (Northern)khli⁵⁵ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Pa-Okhrí ‘bow (weapon)’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-Okhrí ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

Pa-O (Southern)kli³³ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Palaychikhlíq ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

Pwo (Northern)khlei³³ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Pwo (Southern)khlei⁵⁵ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Pwo (Bassein)khlì ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

Pwo (Moulmein)khlíʔ ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

Sgaw (Northern)khli³¹˜ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Sgaw (Southern)khli⁴⁵’ ‘crossbow’Luangthongkum 13: 69

Sgaw (Bassein)khlì ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

Sgaw (Moulmein)khlíʔ ‘crossbow’Jones 61: 45

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2411, *d/s-ləy ‘BOW (weapon) / SLINGSHOT’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2411

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#463, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2411,
  title  = {{*d/s-ləy 'BOW (weapon) / SLINGSHOT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2411},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2411}
}