STEDT
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STEDT #2364

*d/s-kəw

NINE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekuwprefixdinitialkrhymeuw=d-kəwcoverK · VWT

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*kua ‘NINE’
Central Naga (Ao Group)*t-ku ‘NINE’PCN #077
Tangkhulic*ko ‘NINE’DRM#364
Tamangish*ᴮku(ː) ‘NINE’
Lolo-Burmese*gəw² ‘NINE’
Karenic*khwiᴬ ‘NINE’TL#203

Connections

HPTB*d/s-kəw ‘nine’pp. 139, 140, 149, 178, 184, 199
HPTB*s-kwa ‘nine’p. 24

Notes

The mesoroot attested in Kuki-Chin seems clearly to have arisen from a suffixed form like *kəw-a.

Chinese comparandum

九 OC *ki̯ŭg, GSR #992a-d ‘nine’; Coblin 86:113 ST *dkwjəɣw > PC *kwjəgwx > OC *kjəgwx; Schuessler 2007:320 *kuʔ or *kwəʔ; B & S 2011: *kuʔ {[k]uʔ}; Mand. jiǔ.

Reflexes & cognates346 reflexes · 40 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)2

*Sino-Tibetandkwjəɣw ‘nine’Coblin 86: 113

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)8

1.2Kuki-Chin1

1.2.1.1Northern Chin5

Tiddimkua¹ ‘nine’VanBik 09 PKC: 302

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Hakha)pamorpheme-kûa ‘nine’VanBik 09 PKC: 302
Lushai [Mizo]kua ⪤ pəmorpheme◦kua ‘nine’Benedict 72 STC: 13
Lushai [Mizo]pamorpheme-kǔa ‘nine’VanBik 09 PKC: 302

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]pāmorpheme-chāmorpheme-kí ‘nine’VanBik 09 PKC: 302

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Angami Naga²theprefix⁵pfɯ ‘nine’Weidert 87 TBTo: 292

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Rongmei / Nruanghmeiregmorpheme◦tsəku ‘ninety’Matisoff 94 Rong

1.3.4Tangkhulic6

Huishutəmorpheme-ku ‘nine’Mortensen 12 Tk: Numbers.009
Kachaicimorpheme-kɐ ‘nine’Mortensen 12 Tk: Numbers.009
Tusomʃamorpheme-ku-hemorpheme ‘nine’Mortensen 12 Tk: Numbers.009
Ukhrulcimorpheme-ko ‘nine’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1.1Bodo1

1.7.1.2Garo1

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongchimorpheme sykhu num‘nineteen’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongchykyw num‘nine’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.1.4Deori1

Deori/Deurimumorpheme-dugu ‘nine’Jacquesson 05 Deuri

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa²t̪ʌ-kʌuʔ ‘nine’Weidert 87 TBTo: 292

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1

1.7.3.1Jingpho8

Jingphodžəkhu ‘nine’Benedict 72 STC: 13
Jingphodźətśu ‘nine’Benedict 72 STC: 51n171
Jingphotʃă³¹khu³¹ num‘nine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0805.19
Jingphotʃă³¹khu³¹ ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.47
Jingphotʃă³¹khu³¹ʃi³³morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.19
Jingphotʃă³¹khu³¹ʃi³³morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.47
Jingphotʃă¹khu³¹ ‘nine’Liu 84
Jingpho¹džə¹khu ‘nine’Weidert 87 TBTo: 292

2.1.1Western Himalayish6

Kanaurigŭi adj‘nine’Bailey 11
Kanaurigŭī rāmorpheme ‘nine hundred’Bailey 11
Kanaurigŭī rāɔ̄morpheme ‘nine hundredth’Bailey 11
Kanaurizgŭī adj‘nine’Bailey 11
Kanaurizgŭi ⪤ gŭi ‘nine’Benedict 72 STC: 13

2.1.2.1Tibetan36

Tibetan (Alike)rgə ptɕəmorpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.05
Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hgəp tɕəmorpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.4
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)rgo tɕəmorpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.5
Tibetan (Batang)gᴜ⁵⁵tɕᴜ⁵³morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.03
Tibetan (Jirel)khālqmorpheme 'syimorpheme-tāngmorpheme cyurmorpheme◦guq ‘ninety-nine’Hale 73 CSD: 09.23
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)gu³¹tɕu⁵³morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.3
Tibetan (Lhasa)kup¹³tɕu⁵³morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)kup¹³tɕu⁵⁵morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.02
Tibetan (Written)bumorpheme-gamorpheme dgu(-pomorpheme) ‘nine orifices of the body’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)dgu btɕumorpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.01
Tibetan (Written)dgu tɕumorpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.1
Tibetan (Xiahe)gəp tɕəmorpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.04

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulunggu ‘nine’Allen 75

3.1Tangut1

3.2Qiangic50

Ersungɛ³³ ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.18
Ersungɛ⁵⁵zɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.18
Guiqionggui³³ʃɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.17
Lyuzungɯ³³zɿ⁵³morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.18
Lyuzungɯ³⁵ num‘nine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0805.18
Muyaŋguə⁵³ num‘nine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0805.15
Namuyiŋgu³³ ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.19
Namuyiχuo³¹morphemengu³¹ num‘nineteen’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0815.46
Pumi (Jiulong)gɯ³⁵qo⁵⁵morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.10
Pumi (Jiulong)gɯ¹¹ (lĩ⁵⁵morpheme) num‘nine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0805.10
Pumi (Lanping)zgiɯ¹³xqo⁵⁵morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.09
Pumi (Qinghua)sgiɯ¹³sqo⁵⁵morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.11
Pumi (Taoba)gɯ⁵³ko⁵³morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.10
Qiang (Longxi)gú sámorpheme ‘ninety’Evans 99 Qiang: 1207
Qiang (Mawo)rguə sumorpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.8
Qiang (Mawo)ʐguə sumorpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.08
Qiang (Mianchi)gú qòmorpheme ‘nine’Evans 99 Qiang: 1182
Qiang (Mianchi)gú sàmorpheme ‘ninety’Evans 99 Qiang: 1207
Qiang (Mianchi)gú sàmorpheme ȵàmorpheme à#3540 PTB *ʔa ‘ONE’ qómorpheme ‘ninety-one’Evans 99 Qiang: 1208
Qiang (Taoping)χguə²⁴¹ʂɿ³³morpheme ‘September’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 84.9
Qiang (Taoping)χguə³¹sɑ³³morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.9
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]gɯ⁵⁵tɕã⁵³morpheme ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.16
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]gɯ⁵⁵ɣa⁵³morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.16
Queyu (Xinlong)ku⁵⁵rqa⁵⁵morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.13
Xumiguɐ³³(ko³⁵morpheme) ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.20
Xumiguɛ³³ (ku⁵³morpheme) num‘nine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0805.17
Xumiguɛ⁵³qa³³morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.17
Xumiquɐ⁵⁵qɛ⁵⁵morpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.20
Zhaba (Daofu County)ngʌ¹³zɿ³³morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.14

3.3rGyalrongic4

Daofungə sqhamorpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.12
Ergong (Danba)ŋguɛ sqhamorpheme ‘ninety’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 938.14

3.3.1rGyalrong6

rGyalrongkəprefix ngu ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.12
Caodengkəprefix-ngə́-rimorpheme ‘nine hundred’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengkə́prefix-ngət ‘nine’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrongkAprefix Ngu ‘nine’Nagano 97 GyQ: 126
rGBenzhenkəprefix-ngu ‘nine’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.1Burmish33

Achang (Luxi)khjau⁵¹ ‘nine’Dai 85 AcJZ
Bola (Luxi)kau³¹thai⁵⁵morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.32

6.1.2Loloish5

PNLgo² ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish34

Gazhuokv³³ ‘nine’Dai 91 TB15
Laloku̪²¹ ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.
Liphokɯ⁵⁵ ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.
Nasukɯ³³ ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.
Nesukɯ³³ ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.
Nosugu³³ ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.
Nusu (Northern)gɯ³⁵ ‘nine’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)gɯ³⁵ ‘nine’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Nanjian)ku̪³³(~⁵⁵) ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.23
Yi (Weishan)ku̪³³tɕhi⁵⁵morpheme num‘ninety’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0823.36

6.1.2.2Central Loloish26

Ahikɯ⁵⁵ ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.
Kucongkɔ31 ma31 ‘nine’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahuqɔ̂ ‘nine’Weidert 87 TBTo: 292
Lahu (Yellow)qɔ⁷ ‘nine’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)ku³³ Q‘nine; cf. also ku⁵⁵’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuku̱³³ num‘nine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0805.40
Lisu (Northern)ku⁵⁵ Q‘nine (with tone change); cf. ku³³’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuku⁵⁵(~⁴⁴) ‘nine’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 919.27
Lisu (Northern)tshɔ³³morphemeza²¹morpheme ku⁵⁵ jɔ³³morpheme ‘nine people’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]kɯ⁵⁵ ‘nine’Chen 86 CS: 132.

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish4

Pholaqu⁵⁵ ‘nine’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1066
Phuzakə⁵⁵ ‘nine’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1066

6.2Naxi19

Naxigv̩³³ num‘nine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0805.45
Naxi (Lijiang)ŋgv³³me³³morpheme ‘September’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 84.28

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2364, *d/s-kəw ‘NINE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2364
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#013, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2364,
  title  = {{*d/s-kəw 'NINE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2364},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2364}
}