STEDT
STEDT #2805

*g-zik

LEOPARD

Reconstruction analysis

handlezikinitialzrhymeikcoverS · T

Connections

HPTB*g-zik ‘leopard’pp. 343, 344

Notes

Several languages with -a- vocalism (Chepang, Lepcha, Bantawa) might point to an allofam *zyak. This variational pattern is well-attested in TB, the best example being #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik EYE.

Reflexes & cognates171 reflexes · 27 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmanzik ‘leopard’[Source note] [TSR 122] (LaPolla 1987).LaPolla 87: 106

1.7.1.1Bodo10

Bodomomorpheme ‘tiger’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomorpheme ‘tiger’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodomorphemesaʔ ‘tiger’Weidert 87 TBTo: 60
Bodoputkímorpheme mamorphemesa ‘leopard’Bhat 68 Boro
Dimasamimorphemesi ‘tiger’Marrison 67 Naga
Dimasamimorphemesi ‘tiger’Benedict 72 STC: 107n301
Dimasamimorphemesidaomorpheme ‘leopard’Marrison 67 Naga
Dimasamimorphemesihatraimorpheme ‘leopard’Marrison 67 Naga
Kokborokmorpheme=ša ‘tiger’Tripuri 88
Mechemomorphemecaʔ ‘tiger’Weidert 87 TBTo: 60

1.7.1.2Garo2

Garomatmorphemetśa ‘tiger’Benedict 72 STC: 107n301
Garo (Bangladesh)matmorpheme-cha n‘leopard; tiger’Burling 03 Garo: 4.416-II:idx

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongmatmorphemesa n‘tiger’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongmatmorphemesadumorpheme n‘creature which is human during the day and becomes a tiger at night’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Nocterumorphemesa ‘leopard’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.2Bodic7

Tshona (Wenlang)zik³⁵ ‘leopard’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)zik¹³ ‘leopard’LaPolla 87: 106
Motuo Menbazik n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.07
Cuona Menbazik³⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.06

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchasamorphemecák n.‘leopard’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

BantawasaksUNmamorpheme ‘tiger’Rai 85 BnDs

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

Dumisaːʔlɨmmorpheme ‘lord of the jungle, Panthera tigris, the tiger’Driem 93 Dumi

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang19

Chepangbaŋmorpheme.karmorpheme.jaʔ n.‘Jungle Cat or Wild Cat, with black and brown stripes’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangchakmorpheme.jaʔ n.‘animal (sp.), (myth.), black feline animal haunting grave area - comes from the ghost of a dead person’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangjaʔ n.‘wild animal of cat family, esp. a panther or leopard’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangjāʔ, malungmorpheme.jāʔ n‘leopard’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.064
Chepangkarmorpheme-jaʔ ‘cat’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.A.48
Chepangkārmorpheme.jāʔ n‘cat’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.048
Chepangkarmorpheme.jaʔ n.‘animal (sp.), Jungle Cat’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkarmorpheme.jaʔ. morpheme.yumorpheme n.‘variety of this plant’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkaryamʔmorpheme-jaʔ ‘otter’Weidert 87 TBTo: 157
Chepangkaryamʔmorphemejaʔ ‘otter’Weidert 87 TBTo: 30
Chepangkarʔmorpheme.jaʔ n.‘Jungle Cat or Wild Cat’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepanglyamorpheme.karʔmorpheme.jaʔ n.‘animal (sp.), Jungle Cat (ch.)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmamorpheme-jaʔ ‘tiger’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.A.63
Chepangmamorpheme.(luŋ)morpheme.jaʔ n.‘animal (sp.), Tiger’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmamorpheme.(luŋ)morpheme.jaʔ n.‘animal (sp.), tiger or large feline’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmorpheme.jā? n‘tiger’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.063
Chepangsyaluŋmorpheme-jaʔ ‘leopard’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.A.64

3.1Tangut2

Tangut [Xixia]zewr ‘leopard; end’Li 97 Tangut: 5480
Tangut [Xixia]zewr ‘leopard, panther’Li 97 Tangut: 5768

3.2Qiangic25

Guiqiongzə³⁵na⁵⁵morpheme n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.16
Guiqiongzɿ⁵⁵nɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.17
Lyuzudzɿ³³mu⁵³morpheme n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.18
Muyandzi⁵³ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.15
Muya [Minyak]ndzi⁵³ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.15
Namuyizɿ³³ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.19
Namuyizæ³¹ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.46
Pumi (Jiulong)sui⁵⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.10
Pumi (Lanping)syi⁵⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.09
Pumi (Taoba)sui⁵³ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.10
Qiang (Longxi)ɕì ‘leopard, panther’Evans 99 Qiang: 383
Qiang (Mawo) n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.08
Qiang (Mianchi)sì ‘leopard, panther’Evans 99 Qiang: 383
Qiang (Taoping)si⁵⁵ ‘leopard’LaPolla 87: 106
Queyu (Xinlong)rzi¹³ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.13
Xumitsɿ⁵⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.17
Xumitsɿ⁵⁵ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.20
Zhaba (Daofu County)ʑe⁵⁵mei⁵⁵morpheme n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.14

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofurzo n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.12

3.3.1rGyalrong6

rGyalrong (Maerkang)morpheme ʃtʃək n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.11
rGyalrongmorpheme ʃtʃək ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.12
Caodengkə́morpheme-xse ‘leopard’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrongkAmorpheme cik ‘leopard’Nagano 97 GyQ: 4.4
rGBenzhenmorpheme-rtʃək ‘leopard’Sun J 97 rGB
Shilikumorpheme-sa ‘leopard’Sun J 97 Shi

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishkprefix-zikᴸ ‘leopard’Bradley 79 PLo: 14
*Loloishkprefix-zikᴸ ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
PNLzikᴸ ‘leopard’Chen 86 CS: 94.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish19

Lalozìq-pàqmorpheme ‘panther’Björverud 94
Lalozi̱² ‘leopard’Chen 86 CS: 94.
Liphozi̱² ‘leopard’Chen 86 CS: 94.
LuquanzI 55c ‘leopard’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 122
Nasuzi 55 ‘leopard’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 122
Nasuzi̱⁵⁵ ‘leopard’Chen 86 CS: 94.
Neisuzi¹³ ‘leopard’Chen 86 CS: 94.
Nesuʑi̱² ‘leopard’Chen 86 CS: 94.
Nosuzi̱⁵⁵ ‘leopard’Chen 86 CS: 94.
Yi (Mile)zi̱²¹ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.25
Yi (Mojiang)ʑi̱²¹ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.26
Yi (Nanhua)zi̱²¹ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.24
Yi (Nanhua)zi̱³³ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.37
Yi (Nanjian)zɿ²¹pa²¹morpheme ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.23
Yi (Weishan)zɿ̄²¹pa²¹suffix n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.36
Yi (Wuding)zi̱⁵⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.38
Yi (Xide)zɿ⁵⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.35
Yi (Xide)zɿ⁵⁵ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.21

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish14

Akha (Yunnan)xhàprefix zỳ ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Akhaxhàprefix-zỳ ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Akha (Thai)xhàprefix-zỳ ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Hani (Dazhai)xa³¹prefixzɿ³¹ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.31
Hani (Lüchun)xhaprefix zỳ ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Hani (Lüchun)xa³¹prefixzɿ³¹ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.41
Hani (Gelanghe)xa³¹prefixzɯ³¹ ‘leopard’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Wordlist)haqprefixssiq ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Haonixa³¹prefixzɿ³¹ ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Haonixɔ²¹prefixzɿ²¹ ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Hani (Shuikui)xɔ³¹prefixzɿ³¹ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.32
Hani (Mojiang)xɔ³¹prefixzɿ³¹ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.42
Wonindʐɯ 33 ‘leopard’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 122

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish4

Southern Mujia²¹prefixʑi²¹ ‘leopard; panther’Pelkey 11 Phula: 98
Pholazi̠³³ ‘leopard; panther’Pelkey 11 Phula: 98
Hlepho Phowazɿ³³ ‘leopard; panther’Pelkey 11 Phula: 98
Hlepho Phowazɿ³³ba²¹morphemeɡo²¹morpheme ‘leopard; panther’Pelkey 11 Phula: 98

6.2Naxi7

Laze (Xiangjiao)ʐæ˥ ‘leopard, panther’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3889
Laze (Xiangjiao)ʐæ˧bv˥morpheme ‘male leopard’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3891
Laze (Xiangjiao)ʐæ˧mie˥morpheme ‘female leopard’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3890
Na (Yongning)ʐæ˩˧ ‘leopard, panther’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxidʑɿ³³ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.45
Naxi (Lijiang)ndʐɯ³³ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.28

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2805, *g-zik ‘LEOPARD’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2805
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#061
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2805,
  title  = {{*g-zik 'LEOPARD'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2805},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2805}
}