STEDT #5560
*k-la
TIGER
Intermediate reconstructions
Notes
This root is undoubtedly an early loan from Mon-Khmer; cf. Mon kula, Munda kul(a).
Chinese comparandum
虎 OC *xo, GSR #57b-e ‘tiger’; STC:107, 178 *xlo; B & S 2011: *qʰˁraʔ; Schuessler 2007:281 *hlâ; Mand. hǔ.
Reflexes & cognates220 reflexes · 15 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
French says, “Cf. Burmese-Lolo (*k-)la (> WB kyà), which Benedict identifies as “ultimately a loan from Austro-Asiatic *k(u)la“ (STC 177-178, n.472); the Khasi is u-kla (Robinson). This is probably also the source of the NN form, with the development of medial -y- < *-l- paralleled in Burmese, and NN *C- < PTB *s- ‘animal prefix’ “ (1983: 569).
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte5
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang9
Changsàu-ñú#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘tiger’Weidert 87 TBTo: 60
Changsau◦nyu#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘tiger’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyaksha◦nyu#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘leopard’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyaksha◦nyu#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘tiger’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyak (Tamlu)šaʔ-ñɯ#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘tiger’Weidert 87 TBTo: 60
Konyak (Wakching)šaʔ-ñu#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘tiger’Weidert 87 TBTo: 60
2.1.2Bodic3
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1
3.2Qiangic10
3.3rGyalrongic1
6.1Lolo-Burmese2
Old Burmese klâ developed into later Written Burmese kyâ, which is the source of modern Burmic forms with affricated initials.
There is a Chinese comparandum 虎 (GSR 57b-e xo, revised to xlo in STC:107, 178).
6.1.1Burmish66
Burmese (Rangoon)tɕɑ⁵⁵tθiʔ⁴#2805 PTB *g-zik ‘LEOPARD’ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.27
Burmese (Written)kjɑ³tθɑs⁴#2805 PTB *g-zik ‘LEOPARD’ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.26
6.1.2Loloish3
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish40
Gazhuola³¹ (kho⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.47
Nusu (Central)la⁵⁵khɹu̱⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.34
Yi (Liangshan)la⁵⁵khɯ³³#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘tiger's lair’Ma 08 Yi: index
6.1.2.2Central Loloish50
Lahu (Black)lâ-bùʔ#5407 PTB *m-bup ‘ROT / SPOTTED / WRITE’PL *m-bupᴸ ‘WRITE / ROT’ ‘leopard’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 89(a)
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³#3581 PTB *s-gaŋ ‘MOUNTAIN / RIDGE / HILL’laʔ²¹ma³³morpheme ‘tiger on high mountains’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of the tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹khɔʔ²¹#755 PTB *k(w)ak ⪤ *k(y)ak ‘BITE / CHEW’PCN *m-kak ‘BITE’ dzø³³#2219 PTB *dzwan ‘HAWK / KITE’PLB *dzwan¹ ‘HAWK / KITE’ɲɔ³⁵morpheme ‘Song of Tiger Biting and Eagle Snatching (ancient Lisu poem)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’su³³morpheme ‘born in the year of the tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ku³⁵morpheme dze³³morphemeku³⁵morphemeŋɔ²¹morpheme ‘Song of Separating the Tiger and Eagle (name of Lisu poem)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma³³morpheme khaʔ²¹#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’bæʔ²¹#2096 PTB *(b/p)i ‘MOUTH’ ‘tiger's mouth’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma³³morpheme nø³³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’gu²¹#560 PTB *k(r)u ‘CHEST / RIB’PCN *t-kuʔ ‘CHEST’TGTM *ᴬku ‘CHEST’ ‘tiger's rib’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma³³morpheme ɔʔ²¹#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’tɔ³³#241 PTB *g-du(ŋ) ‘BONE’ ‘tiger-bone’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma³³morpheme ɔʔ²¹#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’tɔ³³#241 PTB *g-du(ŋ) ‘BONE’dʑi⁴⁴morpheme ‘tiger-bone wine’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma³³morphemedʑi⁴⁴#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’ ‘tiger skin’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ni³³#85 PTB *s-nəy ‘SUN / DAY / DWELL’PTani *ñi ‘SUN’PKC *nii ‘DAY / SUN’PCN *nəj ‘SUN / DAY’PLB *ʔnəy¹/³ ‘SUN / DAY’PKar *nejᴬ ‘DAY’ ‘day of the tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹pha²¹morpheme thi²¹morpheme ɣɔʔ²¹morpheme ‘branch of the Tiger clan’Bradley 94 Lisu
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish25
6.2Naxi9
Laze (Xiangjiao)lɑ˥kʰv˩#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of the tiger’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1642
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #5560,
*k-la ‘TIGER’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5560Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 70, 173, 393
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5560,
title = {{*k-la 'TIGER'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5560},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5560}
}