STEDT
STEDT #5560

*k-la

TIGER

Intermediate reconstructions

Northern Naga/Konyakian*C-gya ‘TIGER’from WTF-PNN: 569
Lolo-Burmese*(k-)la ‘TIGER’STC p.26

Notes

This root is undoubtedly an early loan from Mon-Khmer; cf. Mon kula, Munda kul(a).

Chinese comparandum

OC *xo, GSR #57b-e ‘tiger’; STC:107, 178 *xlo; B & S 2011: *qʰˁraʔ; Schuessler 2007:281 *hlâ; Mand. .

Reflexes & cognates220 reflexes · 15 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

French says, “Cf. Burmese-Lolo (*k-)la (> WB kyà), which Benedict identifies as “ultimately a loan from Austro-Asiatic *k(u)la“ (STC 177-178, n.472); the Khasi is u-kla (Robinson). This is probably also the source of the NN form, with the development of medial -y- < *-l- paralleled in Burmese, and NN *C- < PTB *s- ‘animal prefix’ “ (1983: 569).

*Northern NagaC̥-gyaᴮ ‘tiger’French 83: 569

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte5

Noctesa ‘tiger’Marrison 67 Naga
Noctesaʔ ‘tiger’Weidert 87 TBTo: 60
Tangsatšhaʔ ‘tiger’Weidert 87 TBTo: 60

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang9

Changsauyangmorpheme ‘tiger’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.2Bodic3

Tsangla (Motuo)kʻai⁵⁵la¹³ ‘tiger’Zhang Jichuan 86

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Kham'lā: n‘tiger’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.063

3.2Qiangic10

Ersulɑ⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.18
Lyuzulæ³³phæ⁵³morpheme n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.18
Namuyila⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.19
Namuyila⁵⁵ (lu̵⁵⁵Tibetan loanwordsu̵³¹) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.46
Namuyitshuo³³morphemedzɿ³¹morphemela⁵⁵ n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.46
Xumila⁵⁵ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.17
Xumilɑ⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.20

3.3rGyalrongic1

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

Old Burmese klâ developed into later Written Burmese kyâ, which is the source of modern Burmic forms with affricated initials.

There is a Chinese comparandum (GSR 57b-e xo, revised to xlo in STC:107, 178).

*Lolo-Burmese(k-)lɑ ‘tiger’Chou 72: 57b-e

6.1.1Burmish66

Achang (Lianghe)kuɑ³¹morphemelɑ³⁵ ‘cat’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Lianghe)lɑ³¹ ‘tiger’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Lianghe)lɑ³¹ ‘leopard’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)kă³¹morphemelɔ³¹ n‘cat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0291.28
Achang (Longchuan)kă³¹morphemelɔ³¹ ‘cat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 120.41
Achang (Longchuan)lɔ³¹ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.28
Achang (Longchuan)lɔ³¹ (n̥ək⁵⁵) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.28
Achang (Luxi)laʔ³¹mjau³⁵morpheme ‘cat’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)la⁵¹ ‘leopard’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)kʐɔʔ⁵⁵morphemelɔ³¹ n‘cat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0291.29
Achang (Xiandao)lɔ³¹ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.29
Achang (Xiandao)lɔ³¹ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.29
Achang (Xiandao)lɔ̆³¹mɔ³¹morphememut³⁵morpheme n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.29
Arakanese ‘tiger’Okell 71
Bola (Luxi)la³¹ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.32
Bola (Luxi)lă³¹ (tɛ̃⁵⁵vɛʔ⁵⁵) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.32
Bola (Luxi)lə̆³¹ŋjau³⁵morpheme n‘cat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0291.32
Burmese (Rangoon)tɕɑ⁵⁵ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.27
Burmese (Written)kjɑ³ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.26
Burmese (Written)kyā: ‘tiger’Okell 71
Burmese (Written)kyā:sac ‘leopard’also contains *g-zikMarrison 67 Naga
Intha ‘tiger’Okell 71
Langsu (Luxi)lɔ³⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.31
Langsu (Luxi)lɔ³⁵ (tsəŋ³¹) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.31
Langsu (Luxi)lə̆³¹ŋja̱u³⁵morpheme n‘cat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0291.31
Leqi (Luxi)lo³³ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.33
Leqi (Luxi)lə̆³³mo⁵⁵morpheme n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.33
Leqi (Luxi)lə̆³³pu̱⁵⁵morphemeti̱⁵⁵morpheme n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.33
Leqi (Luxi)lə̆³¹ŋjo̱u³³morpheme n‘cat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0291.33
Maru [Langsu] ‘tiger’Okell 71
Maru [Langsu]lə̆³¹ŋja̱u³⁵morpheme ‘cat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 120.43
Tavoyanklà ‘tiger’Okell 71
Atsi [Zaiwa]lă²¹ŋja̱u⁵⁵morpheme n‘cat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0291.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]lă²¹ŋja̱u⁵⁵morpheme ‘cat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 120.42
Atsi [Zaiwa]lo²¹ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]lo²¹ (tsan⁵¹morpheme) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]lo²¹mo⁵⁵morpheme n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]lo²¹mo⁵⁵morpheme ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.42

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishk-la² ‘tiger’Bradley 79 PLo: 13
*Loloishk-la² ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
PNL(k-)la ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish40

Lalo-pàqmorpheme ‘tiger’Björverud 94
Lalola² ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Lipholo⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Luquanlu̱⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Ma 48 Lolo
Nasulo⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Neisulu⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Nesulo² ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Nosula⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Nusu (Central)la⁵⁵ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.34
Nusu (Bijiang)lɑ³¹sɑ³⁵morpheme ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.45
Nusu (Southern)lɔ̱⁵³ ‘tiger’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)lɔ̱⁵³ ‘leopard’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)lɛ³⁵ ‘tiger’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)lɛ³⁵shɑ³⁵morpheme ‘leopard’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Liangshan)la⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)la⁵⁵mo²¹morpheme ‘tiger; wolf’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)lo⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.25
Yi (Nanhua)lo²¹ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.37
Yi (Nanjian)la²¹pa²¹morpheme ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.23
Yi (Weishan)lɑ²¹ n‘year of the tiger’morphemeHuang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.36
Yi (Wuding)lu⁵⁵ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.38
Yi (Xide)la⁵⁵mo²¹morpheme ‘wolf’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 130.21
Yi (Xide)lɑ⁵⁵ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.35
Yi (Xide)lɑ⁵⁵mo²¹morpheme n‘wolf’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0324.35
Yi (Xide)lɑ⁵⁵n̥i³³morpheme n‘lion’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0305.35
Yi (Xide)tsho⁴⁴morphemedzɯ³³morphemela⁵⁵mo²¹morpheme ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish50

Ahilo⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Jinuo (Youle)lɔ⁴⁴mɔ³³morpheme ‘tiger’Gai 86
Jinuo (Buyuan)lɔ⁴⁴mɔ³³morpheme n‘tiger’Gai 86
Jinuolɔ⁴⁴mɔ³³morpheme n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.44
Jinuolɔ⁴⁴mɤ³³morpheme n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.44
Jinuo (Youle)lɔ⁴⁴mɯ³³morpheme ‘leopard’Gai 86
Jinuolɔ⁴⁴mɯ⁴⁴morpheme ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.34
Jinuolɔ⁴⁴mɯ⁴⁴morpheme ‘leopard (=tiger)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.34
Kuconglʌ31 ‘tiger’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)lɑ⁵³ n‘leopard / panther’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0310.43
Lahu (Lancang)lɑ⁵³ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.43
Lahu (Lancang)lɑ⁵³qhɑ⁵³morphemepɯ³³morpheme n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.43
Lahu (Lancang)lɑ⁵³tɕɑ³¹morphemeɕi³⁵morpheme n‘lion’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0305.43
Lahu (Black)lᴀ⁵³ ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.33
Lahu (Black)lᴀ⁵³qhᴀ⁵³morphemepə³³morpheme ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.33
Lahu (Yellow)cà-morpheme ‘tiger’Matisoff 88 DL: 453
Lahu (Yellow)la³ ‘zodiac year (Tiger)’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)tsa²morphememɛ¹morphemega⁵morphemela⁵ ‘leopard’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ku³⁵morpheme dze³³morphemeku³⁵morphemeŋɔ²¹morpheme ‘Song of Separating the Tiger and Eagle (name of Lisu poem)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma³³morpheme ‘tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ma³³morpheme mɤ²¹morphemetsi³³morpheme ‘tiger's whiskers’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹pha²¹morpheme ‘man of tiger clan’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹pha²¹morpheme thi²¹morpheme ɣɔʔ²¹morpheme ‘branch of the Tiger clan’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹sa⁵⁵morpheme ‘(Temminck's cat) Felis temminc’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹sæ³⁵morpheme ‘lion’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ɔ⁵⁵morphemedy²¹morpheme ‘leopard’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)la²¹ʃɿ²¹morpheme ‘clan of the tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)laʔ²¹ma³³morpheme thi²¹morpheme ma³³morpheme n‘tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)la⁵-ma³morpheme n.‘tiger’Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)la⁵-wu¹morpheme-du⁵morpheme ‘leopard’Fraser 22
Lisulɑ³¹ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.40
Lisulɑ³¹mɑ⁴⁴morpheme ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.27
Lisulɑ³¹sɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.27
Lisu (Northern)thɔ²¹morphemeɤ²¹morpheme laʔ²¹ma³³morpheme ‘paper tiger’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]la⁵⁵ ‘tiger’Chen 86 CS: 58.
Yi (Sani)lɒ⁵⁵ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish25

Akha (Yunnan)xhàprefix ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
Akhaxhàprefix- ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
Akha (Thai)xhàprefix- ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
Bisutsʰàmorpheme ‘tiger’Bradley 9x Bisu
Bisutsʰàmorphemeʔaŋprefixkàwmorpheme ‘leopard’Bradley 9x Bisu
Hani (Dazhai)xa³¹prefixla³¹ ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.31
Hani (Lüchun)xhàprefix ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
Hani (Lüchun)xa³¹prefixla³¹ n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.41
Hani (Lüchun)xa³¹prefixla³¹ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.41
Hani (Pijo)lɔ̀ morpheme ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Hani (Pijo)lɔ̀ morpheme ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
Hani (Caiyuan)lɔ³¹me³¹morpheme ‘leopard’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 126.30
Hani (Caiyuan)lɔ³¹mɔ³³morpheme ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.30
Hani (Gelanghe)xa³¹prefixla³¹ ‘tiger’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Wordlist)haqprefixlaq ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
Hani (Shuikui)xɔ³¹prefixl̥ɔ³¹ ‘tiger’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 124.32
Hani (Khatu) morpheme ‘leopard’Hansson 89 AHKP: 321
Hani (Mojiang)xɔ³¹morphemel̥ɔ³¹ n‘tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0304.42
Hani (Mojiang)xɔ³¹morphemel̥ɔ³¹ n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.42
Mpilo² ‘tiger’Hansson 89 AHKP: 75
Mpilo² ‘tiger’Srinuan 76
Pyensa33morpheme la31 ‘tiger’Shintani 09 Pyen: 021002
Silalɛ21 tɕha̰21morpheme ‘tiger’Kato 08 Lao: 99

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5560, *k-la ‘TIGER’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5560
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 70, 173, 393
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5560,
  title  = {{*k-la 'TIGER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5560},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5560}
}