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STEDT #755

*k(w)ak ⪤ *k(y)ak

BITE / CHEW
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekokinitialkrhymeok⪤kakcoverK · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*m-kak ‘BITE’PCN #241

Connections

See alsocf. 3.4.5

Reflexes & cognates80 reflexes · 16 subgroups

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)7

Lotha Nagaŋ̍¹prefix-kək²- v.‘bite’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.241
Lotha Nagaengprefix◦kak v‘bite’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Naganprefix◦kük◦asuffix ‘bite’Murry 78: 10
Lotha NagaNprefix◦kuk◦asuffix v‘bite’Nienu 90 LotQ: 3.10.7
Sangtammüprefix◦ka v‘bite’Marrison 67 Naga
Yacham-Tengsamaprefix◦kü v‘bite’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongkak◦depmorpheme- v‘bite on something’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte4

Noctekak v‘bite’Marrison 67 Naga
Noctekak v‘bite’French 83: 459

2.3Kiranti2

*BSDTKkok- (?*kak-) v.‘bite’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 11

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Limbukheːk◦s- v.‘bite through (e.g. a grain’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 13
Limbukheːk◦s- v.‘bite through (a grain to test its dryness)’Driem 88? LimA

2.3.2Southern Kiranti6

Bantawakhek- v.‘bite into, to eat (fruit)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 13
BantawakheT v.‘bite’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawakheʈʈ- v.‘bite’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 9
Chamlingkhak-(u)morpheme ‘bite’Winter 85: 19
Chamlingkhak-umorpheme v.‘bite (beans, peas)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 13
Chamlingkho-(u)morpheme ‘bite’Winter 85: 20

2.3.3Central Kiranti5

Dumikok- v.‘peck, to strike, to dig’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 11
Dumikok◦damorpheme ‘<hoe>; large spade with metal blade pointed diagonally away from’Driem 93 Dumi
Dumikok◦samorpheme ‘<hoe> small spade ;with point of metal blade inclined toward the’Driem 93 Dumi
Khaling√kakt- v.‘dig, to hoe’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 11
Khaling√kek- v.‘chew, to bite’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 13

2.3.4Western Kiranti3

Bahingkok- v.‘peck, to hoe’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 11
Thulungkək- v.‘peck, to bite, to dig’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 11
Thulungkək- v.‘dig, [to hoe], to peck, to bite’Allen 75

3.2Qiangic2

Muyako³³mɑ⁵³morpheme n‘hoe’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0617.15
Muya [Minyak]ko⁵⁵mɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘hoe’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 412.15

5Tujia9

Tujiago³⁵ v‘bite’Chen 86 TuMQ: 3.10.7
Tujia (Southern)go³⁵ ‘bite (of snake)’Tian 86
Tujia (Southern)go³⁵ ‘bite (of dog)’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)ka³⁵ ‘bite (of dog)’Tian 86
Tujiaka³⁵ v.‘bite (mosquito)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1279.49
Tujiaka³⁵ ‘bite’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 535.38
Tujiaka⁵⁵ v‘bite’Chen 86 TuBQ: 3.10.7
Tujia (Northern)ka⁵⁵ ‘bite (of snake)’Tian 86

6.1.1Burmish1

6.1.2Loloish3

*LoloishC-kukᴸ ‘bite’Bradley 79 PLo: 634B
Lolophokhɤ̱³¹ v.‘bite’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.10.7

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish11

Lalokhòq ‘bite’Björverud 94
Lalokho² ‘bite’Chen 86 CS: 185.
Lalokʰo²¹ v.‘bite’Chen 86 Yi: 3.10.7
Liphokhɤ̱² ‘bite’Chen 86 CS: 185.
Liphokhɤ̱²¹ ‘bite’Chen 86 Yi: 3.10.7
Nasukhɤ̱⁵⁵ ‘bite’Chen 86 CS: 185.
Yi (Nanjian)kʰo²¹ ‘bite’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)kʰo²¹ ‘gnaw’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)tho³³morpheme; kho²¹ ‘bite(snake, rat); bite(by dog)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 535.23
Yi (Weishan)kho²¹ v.‘bite (of draught animals, wild animals)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1753.36

6.1.2.2Central Loloish20

Jinuo (Youle)ko⁴⁴ ‘chew’Gai 86
Jinuo (Baka)kʰe⁵⁵ ‘chew’Dai 89 JinB: 2041
Jinuo (Baka)kʰe⁵⁵ ‘gnaw’Dai 89 JinB: 2115
Jinuo (Youle)kʰe⁵⁵ ‘gnaw’Gai 86
Lahugə̀ʔ ‘hold firmly in mouth’If this Lahu form with voiced initial is cognate, it reflects a nasal prefix.LaPolla 87: 195
Lahu (Black)gə̀ʔ ‘hold firmly in mouth’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 90(a)
Lisuhkaw⁶ ‘bite’Bradley 79 PLo: 634B
Lisu (Central)hkaw⁶ ‘bite’Fraser 22
Lisukho̱³¹ v.‘bite’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1753.40
Lisukho⁴¹ ‘bite’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 535.27
Lisu (Northern)khɔʔ²¹ V‘bite’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɤ²¹ N‘mouth; C bite’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Nujiang)kʰo̱⁴² ‘bite’Xu 86 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]qhɤ²² ‘bite’Chen 86 Yi: 3.10.7
Sani [Nyi]qhɤ̱²¹ ‘bite’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]qʰɯ̱²² v‘bite, chew’Ma 89 SanQ: 334.1

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish8

Akhakaw ‘bite as a dog bites a person’LaPolla 87: 195
Akhakaw LS ‘bite (e.g. dog biting a person)’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 90(b)
Akhakɔ̀q ‘bite’Hansson 89 AHKP: 544
Bisukɔ̀ ‘chew’Bradley 9x Bisu
Bisukɔ̀ ‘bite onto’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 90(a)
Bisukɔ̀ ‘bite into’LaPolla 87: 195

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #755, *k(w)ak ⪤ *k(y)ak ‘BITE / CHEW’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/755
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: Kiranti, Loloish
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-755,
  title  = {{*k(w)ak ⪤ *k(y)ak 'BITE / CHEW'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #755},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/755}
}