STEDT
STEDT #3581

*s-gaŋ

MOUNTAIN / RIDGE / HILL
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · provisional

Connections

HPTB*s-gaŋ ‘hill / ridge / mountain’pp. 266, 303

Chinese comparandum

OC *kɑ̂ng; GSR #697a ‘ridge, crest of hill’; Mand. gāng.
OC *kli̯ɑ̆ng; GSR #755a ‘mound, hill, capital city’; B & S 2011: *kraŋ {[k]raŋ}; Mand. jīng.
OC *g’li̯ɑ̆ng, GSR #755f ‘whale’; Schuessler 2007:316 *graŋ; B & S 2011: *ɡraŋ {[ɡ]raŋ}; Mand. jīng.

Reflexes & cognates80 reflexes · 15 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetankang ‘hill / ridge’Coblin 86: 94

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmans-gaŋ ‘hill / ridge / mountain’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 590

1.1“North Assam”2

Sulung [Puroik]gɹaŋ³³ ‘mountain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 25.52
Sulung [Puroik]gɹaŋ³³a³³morphemelɛ⁵³morpheme ‘cliff’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 26.52

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)3

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)prefixkhong ‘hill’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)morphemekong ‘mountain’Marrison 67 Naga
Sangtamaprefixkhang ‘hill’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.2.1Tibetan3

Tibetan (Written)sgaŋ ‘projecting hill / spur’Matisoff 83 TIL: 66
Tibetan (Written)sgaŋ ‘spur, projecting hill’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 90

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulungkəŋkamorpheme ‘ridge, high mountain <hill>’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang2

Chepang-kon nb.‘steep ridge, spur’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang-koŋ nb.‘steep ridge, spur’Caughley 00 Chepang

4Nungic2

Trung [Dulong]gɔŋ⁵⁵ ‘slope’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 30.46
Dulonggɔŋ⁵⁵daŋ⁵⁵morpheme n‘hillside / mountain slope’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0024.20

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesekaŋ¹ ‘hill / high ground’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 595

6.1.2.2Central Loloish34

Lahuqhɔ ‘mountain’Matisoff 83 TIL: 66
Lahu (Lancang)qhɔ³³ n‘hill / mountain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0023.43
Lahu (Black)qhɔ ‘hill / ridge’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 90
Lahu (Black)qhɔ³³ ‘mountain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 25.33
Lahu (Yellow)qhɔ¹ ‘mountain’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)qhɔ¹ ‘clf for big objects (e.g. hill)’Chang 86
Lisuko̱³³ n‘hill / mountain’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0023.40
Lisuko⁴⁴; wɑ³¹morphemetʃe⁴⁴morpheme ‘mountain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 25.27
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³ N‘mountain; C (mountains)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³ thi²¹ kɔ³³ n‘mountain’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³ba³³si³³ ‘other side of hill’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³da²¹ma³³ ‘big mountain; mount’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³di²¹ ‘mountain ranges; mountain ridges’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³dzøʔ²¹ ‘mountain ridge’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³dʒu²¹ ‘mountain ranges’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³khɔ³³ ‘climb over mountain’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³khɔ³³pheʔ²¹ ‘mountain opening; mountain pass (which people often go through)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³khɤ²¹ ‘side of mountain’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³læ²¹ha³⁵ ‘mountain peak; small branch of mountain’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³lɔ³⁵pheʔ²¹ ‘mountain opening; snow mountain opening; mountain pass’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³mɤ²¹ dɤ³³ ‘go round the hill’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³mɤ⁵⁵du²¹ ‘hill’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³thæ²¹ ‘mountain area’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³thæ²¹ kɔ³³mi⁴⁴ ‘mountain area’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³tɔ³³ ‘top of mountain’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³tɕe³³ ‘foot of hill; foot of mountain’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³vu⁵⁵ ‘high mountain’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³vu⁵⁵dy³³ ‘top of mountain; peak’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³ɔ⁵⁵pa⁵⁵ la²¹tɕæ³³ ‘high-mountain short-toothed toad (living under rocks or snow in bamboo groves by creeksides in the area of Longtan, Biluo Snow Mountains. The male has two black dots on the chest, which look like breasts.)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³ʃɿ⁵⁵ ‘mountain grass (on top of snow mountains)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kɔ³³ʃɿ⁵⁵#5642 PTB *s-yəy ‘GRASS’ seʔ²¹morpheme V‘grass and trees turn brown (indicating the beginning of winter)’Bradley 94 Lisu

9.0.1Old Chinese4

Chinese (Old/Mid)kɑ̂ng/kɑ̂ng ‘hill / ridge’Karlgren 57 GSR: 697a
Chinese (Old)kâŋ ‘hill, ridge’Matisoff 83 TIL: 66
Chinese (Old)kraŋ {[k]raŋ} ‘hill; capital city’BaxterSagart 2011: 1433
Chinese (Old)krjang ‘hill / capital city’Baxter 92: 1430

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #3581, *s-gaŋ ‘MOUNTAIN / RIDGE / HILL’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3581
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp.266, 303
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-3581,
  title  = {{*s-gaŋ 'MOUNTAIN / RIDGE / HILL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3581},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3581}
}