STEDT #2187
*b(y/r)a
BIRD / BEE
Reconstruction analysis
handlebyainitialby,brrhymeacoverP · LW
Intermediate reconstructions
Lolo-Burmese*bya² ‘BEE’
Loloish*bya² ‘BEE’
Connections
HPTB*bya ‘bee / bird’pp. 63, 68, 169, 171
Notes
The Central Loloish languages Ahi and Sani have interesting reflexes of the palatalized labial-initial cluster, d- and dl- respectively.
Reflexes & cognates320 reflexes · 23 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2
1.1.1.1Western Tani1
1.1.2Deng18
Idumu⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’bɹa⁵⁵ ‘feather (of bird)’Sun H 91 IduQ: 8.1.5
Idumu⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’bɹɑ⁵⁵ ‘feather’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 173.50
Yidumu⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’bɹɑ⁵⁵ n‘feather / plume’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0299.25
1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group2
Angami (Kohima)pe³¹ra³¹ tia³³#2095 PTB *l-tywa ‘MOUTH / BEAK / FOOD / STOMACH’ ‘beak / bill’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.9.3
Chokrimü³¹ra³¹ ta³³#2095 PTB *l-tywa ‘MOUTH / BEAK / FOOD / STOMACH’ ‘beak / bill’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.3
1.7.1.1Bodo5
2.1.1Western Himalayish10
2.1.2Bodic4
2.1.2.1Tibetan81
Tibetan (Batang)ɕa¹³pho⁵³#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ n‘cock’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0294.03
Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕha¹³pho⁵⁵#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ n‘cock’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0294.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕha¹³tshaŋ⁵⁵#1615 PTB *tsaŋ ‘NEST / WOMB / PLACENTA’TGTM *ᴬdzaŋ ‘NEST’ n‘nest (bird)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0327.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕhə¹³pu⁵⁵#1228 PTB *s-pu ‘FEATHER / WING / HAIR (body)’ n‘feather / plume’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0299.02
Tibetan (Written)bja pho#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ n‘cock’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0294.01
Tibetan (Written)bja tshaŋ#1615 PTB *tsaŋ ‘NEST / WOMB / PLACENTA’TGTM *ᴬdzaŋ ‘NEST’ n‘nest (bird)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0327.01
Tibetan (Written)bjeɦu tshaŋ#1615 PTB *tsaŋ ‘NEST / WOMB / PLACENTA’TGTM *ᴬdzaŋ ‘NEST’ n‘nest (bird)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0327.01
Tibetan (Written)bya◦mo#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ ‘hen’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)byɑ́-mo#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ ‘bird (female, any kind) / hen /’Jäschke 1881
Tibetan (Written)byɑ́-po#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ ‘cock / fowl (male, domestic)’Jäschke 1881
Tibetan (Written)byɑ-pʻo#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ ‘cock / bird (male, any kind)’Jäschke 1881
Tibetan (Written)chu#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’.bye ‘duck (wild)’Sun J 85 TbGl: 205
Tibetan (Written)c̀ʻu#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’-byɑ́ ‘bird (water)’Jäschke 1881
Tibetan (Written)kʻyim#1612 PTB *k-y(i/u)m ‘HOUSE’PKC *ʔim ‘HOUSE’PCN *a-jam ‘HOUSE / VILLAGE’PTk *ʃim ‘HOUSE’TGTM *ᴮdim ‘HOUSE’PLB *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PL *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PKar *hyi[m] ‘HOUSE’ byɑ ‘domestic fowl / cock / hen / poultry’Jäschke 1881
2.3.4Western Kiranti3
Bahingɓa-di#1181 PTB *d(i/u)l ‘EGG / TESTICLE’MesorootsPKC *til ‘TESTICLE / SCROTUM’Allofams2a #300 PTB *d(w)əy ‘EGG / TESTICLE’2b #1181 PTB *d(i/u)l ‘EGG / TESTICLE’ ‘egg’Matisoff 87 BP
Bahingʔba◦di#1181 PTB *d(i/u)l ‘EGG / TESTICLE’MesorootsPKC *til ‘TESTICLE / SCROTUM’Allofams2a #300 PTB *d(w)əy ‘EGG / TESTICLE’2b #1181 PTB *d(i/u)l ‘EGG / TESTICLE’ ‘egg’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 55
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang2
3.1Tangut1
3.2Qiangic32
Lyuzubʑe³³xua⁵³#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’ n‘bird’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0326.18
Queyu (Xinlong)pho⁵⁵#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’bʑa⁵⁵ n‘cock’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0294.13
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]pho⁵⁵#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ʑa⁵³ ‘rooster’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 136.16
Queyu (Xinlong)rdʑa¹³#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’bʑa⁵⁵ n‘chicken’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0293.13
Queyu (Xinlong)rdʑa¹³#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’bʑa⁵⁵pɕe¹³morpheme n‘chick’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0296.13
Zhaba (Daofu County)ptsia³³ mʌ⁵⁵morphememʌ⁵⁵morpheme n‘feather / plume’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0299.14
Zhaba (Daofu County)ptsia³³phu⁵⁵#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ n‘cock’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0294.14
Zhaba (Daofu County)ptsie¹³lu³³#6068 PBod *lo ‘YEAR’ n‘year of the chicken’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0764.14
3.3rGyalrongic4
Ergong (Northern)ʁbio³³ rmo⁵³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘feather (of bird)’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 8.1.5
Ergong (Northern)ʁbio³³ χɕok⁵³#731 PTB *g-(t)syəw-k/ŋ ‘WING / HAND’ pa³³morpheme ‘wing (of bird)’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 6.1.9
3.3.1rGyalrong9
4Nungic3
5Tujia8
Tujia (Northern)za²¹pa²¹#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ ‘rooster’Tian 86
6.1Lolo-Burmese1
6.1.1Burmish22
Achang (Lianghe)tɕɑ³¹phɑ³¹#1634 PTB *p/ba ‘MALE / FATHER / 3p PRONOUN’PKC *paa ‘FATHER’PKC *paa ‘MALE’PCN *pa ‘HE / SHE (3sg.)’PTk *ba ‘FATHER / MALE’PKar *phaᴬ ‘MALE (OF ANIMALS), FATHER’ ‘rooster’Dai 85 AcJZ
Langsu (Luxi)pjɔ̆³⁵jɔ̃³¹#2788 PTB *s-b-(r/y)aŋ ‘FLY (n.) / BEE’ Nanim‘bee’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0367.31
Leqi (Luxi)pjĭ³³jaŋ³³#2788 PTB *s-b-(r/y)aŋ ‘FLY (n.) / BEE’ Nanim‘bee’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0367.33
6.1.2Loloish3
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish10
6.1.2.2Central Loloish61
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹by²¹morpheme ‘bee mite (worm that gets into beehives to eat chrysalis and honey)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹dzi²¹morphemeza²¹morpheme ‘queen bee chysalis (when mature, it establishes a hive of its own)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹dɔ³³morphemeze²¹morpheme ‘ground wasp (wild wasp that builds its nest in caves)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹dʒu²¹morphemedu²¹morpheme ‘bee-rock (where wild bees build comb)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹ha³⁵morpheme ‘small wasp (collective name for small yellow wasp, green wasp and red wasp that do not make honey)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹khi²¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘bee feces’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹khɔ³³morpheme wa²¹morphemephe²¹morpheme ‘mountain pass that bees often fly through’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹mi²¹morphemeʃu⁵⁵#5802 PLB *s-yawŋ² ‘WAX / BEESWAX’ ‘beeswax of wood bees’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹mɤ²¹morpheme ‘wood bee (comb is built in tree hollows, smaller than domestic bees, honey very sweet)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹næ³³#2483 PTB *s-nak ‘BLACK’PKC *nak ‘BLACK’PCN *a-njak ‘BLACK’PNN *C̥-ɲak ‘BLACK’PLB *s-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’PL *C-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’ ‘wood bee (lit. black bee)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹ʃɿ³³morpheme ‘wasp (whose nest is built on shrub stalks, does not make honey)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɣa⁵⁵#2166 PTB *b-rak ‘ROCK / STONE’PLB *ʔ-rakᴸ ‘ROCK / STONE’bja²¹ ‘rock bee’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɣa⁵⁵#2166 PTB *b-rak ‘ROCK / STONE’PLB *ʔ-rakᴸ ‘ROCK / STONE’bja²¹ dʒɿ²¹morphemetɤ⁵⁵morpheme ‘rock where rock bees usually build honeycomb’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɣa⁵⁵#2166 PTB *b-rak ‘ROCK / STONE’PLB *ʔ-rakᴸ ‘ROCK / STONE’bja²¹ji³³morpheme ‘honey of rock bee’Bradley 94 Lisu
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish39
Hani (Lüchun)dze⁵⁵#2219 PTB *dzwan ‘HAWK / KITE’PLB *dzwan¹ ‘HAWK / KITE’phja³³ n‘sparrow hawk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0329.41
Pyenhai33#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’ ja31 pam31#673 PTB *pam ‘WOMB / PLACENTA / NEST’MesorootsPTk *bɐm ‘UTERUS / WOMB’Allofams98 #674 PTB *pʷam ‘WOMB / PLACENTA / BELLY / STOMACH / NEST’98a #2108 PTB *wam ‘BELLY / WOMB / PLACENTA / NEST’98b #673 PTB *pam ‘WOMB / PLACENTA / NEST’98c #137 PTB *pʷam ‘BELLY / STOMACH / WAIST’98d #3444 PTB *mam ‘WOMB / PLACENTA / NEST’ ‘bird's nest’Shintani 09 Pyen: 060006
7Karenic4
Kayan (Pekon)tʰó̤#1604 PTB *daw ‘BIRD’PTk *ta ‘BIRD’PKar *thoᴮ ‘BIRD’◦byá◦nbémorpheme N‘scarlet sunbird [lit. bird-??]’Manson 10 Kayan
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #2187,
*b(y/r)a ‘BIRD / BEE’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2187Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#177, HPTB p.68
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2187,
title = {{*b(y/r)a 'BIRD / BEE'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2187},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2187}
}