STEDT #731
*g-(t)syəw-k/ŋ
WING / HAND
Reconstruction analysis
handletsyinitial(t)s(yrhymeəw-kcoverTS · VWT
Notes
The nasal-final allofam of this widespread root is attested in Chepang and Nungic. Note the semantic association in Tibetan between WING and SIDE OF BODY. The velar prefix shows up in Tibetan and Qiangic.
It is sometimes difficult to distinguish reflexes of this etymon from those of #737 PTB *s/k-la ARM / HAND / WING.
There is a Chinese comparandum.
Chinese comparandum
手 OC *śi̯ôg GSR #1101a-b ‘hand’; Li 1971/76: (*hrjəgwx); Baxter 1992 #274: *hjuʔ; B & S 2011: *n̥uʔ; Schuessler 2007:469; Mand. shǒu.
ZJH: Contra Karlgren’s GSR reconstruction, this Chinese word certainly did not begin with a coronal fricative in Chinese. More recent scholarship shows that the initial was a voiceless resonant of some sort. The comparison with the PTB root is therefore unsustainable.
Reflexes & cognates136 reflexes · 22 subgroups
0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1
1.3.3Zeme Group3
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1
2.1.1Western Himalayish2
2.1.2Bodic6
Tshona (Wenlang)ɕom⁵⁵ pek⁵⁵#706 IA *pak ‘WING / ARM’ ‘wing’Note the assimilation of the medial consonants.Lu 86 CuoM
2.1.2.1Tibetan27
Tibetan (Jirel)pu#1228 PTB *s-pu ‘FEATHER / WING / HAIR (body)’-jyaq ‘hair (body); feather’Matisoff 87 BP
Spitimik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ šok ‘eyelid’Bodh 91: 3.4.1
Spitimik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦šok◦pu#1228 PTB *s-pu ‘FEATHER / WING / HAIR (body)’ ‘eyelash’Bodh 91: 3.4.4
Tibetan (Written)mig#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-gs̀og ‘eyelash’Matisoff 87 BP
2.1.3Lepcha1
Lepchamik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-shik ‘eyelid; edges of lid’Matisoff 87 BP
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2
2.3.2Southern Kiranti21
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1
Chepangsyuŋ.pap#756 PTB *pap ‘WING / FEATHER’Allofams17 #753 PTB *m/p/s-(l/d)ap ‘ARM / HAND / WING’17a #757 PTB *lap ‘WING / FEATHER’17b #2077 PTB *s-lap ‘WING / FLUTTER / EYELASH / GILL’17c #760 PTB *p-(l/y)ap ‘WING / FEATHER’17d #756 PTB *pap ‘WING / FEATHER’17e #758 PTB *m-dap ‘WING / FEATHER’ n.‘feathers, main wing pinions’Caughley 00 Chepang
3.1Tangut2
3.2Qiangic4
Qiang (Mawo)wu#1603 PTB *w(a/u) ‘BIRD / EGG / WING / FOWL’PKC *waa ‘BIRD’PTk *wa ‘BIRD’◦əkmorpheme ɣzi ɣuæʴ#713 PTB *kwar ‘HAND / WING’PKir *khur ‘HAND / WING’ ‘wing (of bird)’Sun H 91 MawQ: 6.1.9
Zhaba (Daofu County)ndu³³#711 PTB *dwaŋ ‘WING / HAND’Allofams16 #711 PTB *dwaŋ ‘WING / HAND’16a #710 PTB *dwaŋ ‘CUBIT’ʐə⁵⁵ n‘wing’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0298.14
3.3rGyalrongic6
Ergong (Northern)ʁbio³³#2187 PTB *b(y/r)a ‘BIRD / BEE’PLB *bya² ‘BEE’PL *bya² ‘BEE’ χɕok⁵³ pa³³morpheme ‘wing (of bird)’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 6.1.9
Ergong (Danba)ʑa#735 PTB *sya ‘WING’MesorootsPCN *a-tʃha ‘WING’Allofams20a #735 PTB *sya ‘WING’20b #737 PTB *s/k-la ‘ARM / HAND / WING’ kʂɯ ‘arm’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 6.1
Ergong (Danba)ʑa#735 PTB *sya ‘WING’MesorootsPCN *a-tʃha ‘WING’Allofams20a #735 PTB *sya ‘WING’20b #737 PTB *s/k-la ‘ARM / HAND / WING’ kʂɯ ‘arm’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 253.14
4Nungic2
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish1
Yi (Wuding)lɑ̱⁵⁵#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’pv̩³³#1327 PTB *pwaŋ ‘ARM (upper) / SHOULDER’tsu̱² nbp‘arm’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0105.38
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1
Côông [Phunoi]là#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’/lə̆#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’◦sùp ‘hand’The final consonant in Phunoi sùp has perhaps assimilated to the preceding vowel.Bradley 79 PLo
7Karenic26
8Bai30
Bai (Jianchuan)sɿ³³tse̱³³morphemetsɿ³³morphemetse̱³³morpheme nbp‘elbow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0106.48
9.0.1Old Chinese5
9.0.3Modern Chinese3
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #731,
*g-(t)syəw-k/ŋ ‘WING / HAND’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/731Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: incl 728,732,733; cf. HPTB p.199
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-731,
title = {{*g-(t)syəw-k/ŋ 'WING / HAND'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #731},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/731}
}