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STEDT #5807

(h)i ⪤ (h)ay

THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC

Notes

Forms supporting the current etymon are widely attested across TB languages. Early on, Burling 1959:444 reconstructs *i ‘this’ for Proto-Bodo; Bradley 1979:454 *i ~ *hi for Proto-Loloish; evidence from other TB subgroups justifies treating *i ~ * as a root at the PTB level. Schuessler 2007:563 offers a convincing Chinese comparandum: 伊 ‘this’, OC *ʔi, Mand. yī.

Note that we are positing #5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC as an etymon distinct from #6595 PTani *si THIS and #2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di THAT / THIS / DEICTIC. Additional comparative and historical research may reveal whether these three PTB etyma should continue to be treated as isolates vs. ultimately as allofams of one another. [SPB]

Chinese comparandum

伊 OC *ʔi̯ɛr, GSR #604a ‘this’; Schuessler 2007:563 *ʔi; B & S 2011: *ʔij; Mand. yī.

Reflexes & cognates188 reflexes · 33 subgroups

1.1.1.1Western Tani3

Miri, Hilli◦si#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’ ‘this’Simon 76 Miri

Nishingé ‘it / this / that / he / she’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Nishingé ‘this / it (proximal)’Das Gupta 69 Daf

1.1.2Deng13

Darang [Taraon]e-wemorpheme ‘this’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]e⁵⁵ dem‘this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.22

Darang [Taraon]e⁵⁵ ‘this’morphemeSun H 91 ZMYY: 981.49

Darang [Taraon]e⁵⁵ go⁵⁵morpheme dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.22

Darang [Taraon]e⁵⁵go⁵⁵morpheme ‘here’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 982.49

Idue⁵⁵tiɑ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵#2501 PTB *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’PTani *ñiŋ ‘YEAR’PCN *niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PL *s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.50

Idui⁵⁵he⁵⁵morpheme ‘this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 981.50

Idui⁵⁵jɑ³⁵morpheme ‘here’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 982.50

Yidue⁵⁵tiɑ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵#2501 PTB *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’PTani *ñiŋ ‘YEAR’PCN *niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PL *s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.25

Yidui⁵⁵ he⁵⁵morpheme dem‘this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.25

Yidui⁵⁵ jɑ³⁵morpheme dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.25

Yidui⁵⁵hɑ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘there are (people)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1765.25

Yidui⁵⁵li⁵⁵morphemee⁵⁵ dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.25

1.2.1.1Northern Chin6

Tiddim-hiː n‘this’morphemeHenderson 65 TidC

Tiddimhi?³ lam¹#1017 PTB *lam ‘ROAD’PTani *lam ‘ROAD’PKC *lam ‘WAY / PATH / ROAD’PKC *lam ‘DIRECTION / SIDE / TOWARDS’PCN *laːm ‘PATH, ROAD, WAY’PBG *lam ‘ROAD’TGTM *ᴮgjam ‘ROAD’PKir *ʔlam ‘ROAD / PATH’ ‘this side’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 455

Tiddimhi?³ za?³morpheme ‘this much’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 456

Tiddimhi?¹ ‘this’morphemeBhaskararao 96 CDB: 453

Tiddimhia?¹ ‘here’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 457

Tiddimhiʔ³ lam¹#1017 PTB *lam ‘ROAD’PTani *lam ‘ROAD’PKC *lam ‘WAY / PATH / ROAD’PKC *lam ‘DIRECTION / SIDE / TOWARDS’PCN *laːm ‘PATH, ROAD, WAY’PBG *lam ‘ROAD’TGTM *ᴮgjam ‘ROAD’PKir *ʔlam ‘ROAD / PATH’ ‘this side’VanBik 09 PKC: 1010

Lotha Nagaʃi¹lo¹morpheme adv.‘here’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Lotha Nagaʃiʔ¹ dem.‘this’cf. #6595 PTani *si THISmorphemeBruhn 14 SuppCN

Lotha Nagahe◦llomorpheme ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagahē◦lòmorpheme ‘here’Acharya 75

Lotha Nagahi adj‘this’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagashi adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamhi adj‘this’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Sangtamhila ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsaiga ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsaigaka adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group13

Chokrihiche ‘here’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Chokrihihi adj‘this’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Khezhahi adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

Maohe ‘here’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Maohehi ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Maohihi adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyihi adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyihiwi ‘here’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Rengmahigü adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

Rengmahikha ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Rengmahinyu ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Sema [Sumi]hilehi ‘here’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Sema [Sumi]hipau adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group7

Khoiraohi adj‘this’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Rongmei / Nruanghmeihe kaymorpheme ‘this house’Matisoff 94 Rong

Rongmei / Nruanghmeihei adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

Rongmei / Nruanghmeikhouhei ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Zemeai adj‘this’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Zemeaige ‘here’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Zemeai◦zemorpheme adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic5

Tangkhulhi ‘this’Bhat 69 TNV: 99

Tangkhulhi adj‘this’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulhili ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Tusomhi ‘this’morphemeMortensen 12 Tk: Pronouns.011

Ukhrulhi ‘this, these’morphemeMortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

*Bodo-Garoi- ‘this’morphemeBurling 59 PBo: 444

1.7.1.1Bodo18

Bodoé ‘this one’morphemeBhat 68 Boro

Bodoebí ‘this one’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoepá ‘this much’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoerə́y ‘like this’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoesé ‘this much’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoeséba ‘this much’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoeségrab ‘this much’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoesegrab ‘this much’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoetíŋ ‘this side’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoetə́ŋ ‘this way’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoitín ‘this side’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoitíŋ ‘this side’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodoitə́n bitə́nmorpheme ‘here and there’Bhat 68 Boro

Dimasaebo adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

Dimasaeraha ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Kokboroki ‘this’morphemeTripuri 88

Kokboroki-məmorpheme ‘this one’Tripuri 88

Kokboroki-rəmorpheme ‘here’Tripuri 88

1.7.1.2Garo2

Garo (Bangladesh)i-amorpheme dem‘this’Burling 03 Garo: 1.5-II:idx

Garo (Bangladesh)i•-nomorpheme lw‘here’Burling 03 Garo: 2.13-II:idx

1.7.1.3Koch4

Atonghai• determiner‘the, this, that (thing or person just mentioned)’van Breugel 08 Atong

Atongi- dem‘this, proximal demonstrative’morphemevan Breugel 08 Atong

Atongie dem‘this, proximal demonstrative’morphemevan Breugel 08 Atong

Atongisykyn adv‘this much, this many’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.1.4Deori2

Deori/Deurihe-lamorpheme ‘this’Jacquesson 05 Deuri

Deori/Deurihiga-rom ‘here it is! Eureka.’Jacquesson 05 Deuri

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Wanchoivai ‘here’Marrison 67 Naga

Wanchoiya adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.1Western Himalayish10

Byangsiai adv.‘dem. pro. this’morphemeSharma 2003: 7

Byangsiaikho adv.‘here’Sharma 2003: 2

Byangsiaina gartɛ adv.‘like this’Sharma 2003: 4

Byangsiaitɔksa: adv.‘this side’Sharma 2003: 6

Chaudangsihichɛ ‘here’morphemeKrishan 2003: 239

Chaudangsihidi ‘this, it’morphemeKrishan 2003: 241

Chaudangsihina roktəmorpheme ‘like this’Krishan 2003: 238

Rajiəi ‘this’Krishan 2003: 4

Rajiəi-χaimorpheme ‘this year’Krishan 2003: 7

Rajiəia ‘here’Krishan 2003: 9

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Spiti)í ‘this’morphemeSharma, S.R. 79 Sp

Tibetan (Spiti)izu ‘like this’morphemeSharma, S.R. 79 Sp

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti3

LimbuE ‘here’morphemeMichailovsky 89 Lm

LimbuEn ‘this, this one’morphemeMichailovsky 89 Lm

LimbuEt- ‘here’morphemeMichailovsky 89 Lm

2.3.2Southern Kiranti6

Bantawaaibheni ‘this morning’Rai 85 BnDs

BantawaaiDoN ‘this year’Rai 85 BnDs

BantawaaikhakhuT ‘this night’Rai 85 BnDs

BantawaainampUk ‘this night’Rai 85 BnDs

Kulungikhi ‘here’morphemeRai 75 Kul

Kulungini ‘this year’morphemeRai 75 Kul

2.3.4Western Kiranti3

Hayui dem‘this, he, etc.’morphemeMichailovsky 89 H2

Hayui adj‘nearby, here’morphemeMichailovsky 89 H2

Sunwareko ‘this’Hale 73 CSD: 01.004

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang9

Chepangʔi pn.‘Demonstrative (Proximal);this’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔi.cimorpheme pn.‘this (very small)’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔi.haŋʔmorpheme nl.‘here’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔi.təmorpheme adv.‘thus, in this way’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔih pn.‘Demonstrative (Emphatic Proximal);this right here’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔiʔ ‘this’Hale 73 CSD: 01.004

Chepangʔiʔ pn.‘Demonstrative (Close Proximal); this here’morphemeCaughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔiʔ ‘this’morphemeCaughley 72 CVoc: 1.4

Magarise ‘this’Hale 73 CSD: 01.004

3.2Qiangic2

Guiqionghɛ⁵⁵wɛ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘ask s.b. to come here / fetch’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1367.16

Xumihɛ⁵⁵ ‘this’morphemeSun H 91 ZMYY: 981.20

3.3rGyalrongic5

Ergong (Danba)je thɯmorpheme ‘this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 981.14

Daofuɛ de#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’ bimorpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.12

Daofuɛ demorpheme qhɛ dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.12

Daofuɛ de#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’ qhɛmorpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.12

Ergong (Danba)χo; je tho ‘here’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 982.14

3.3.1rGyalrong2

Ganzi Danba Geshenzhaʔi tʱɔmorpheme ‘here’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2039

rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dasang)ʔi tʱɔmorpheme ‘here’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2039

4Nungic1

Nungiɛ⁵⁵ dem‘this’morphemeHuang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.21

6.1.1Burmish6

Burmese (Rangoon)i²² twĩ²²morpheme dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.27

Burmese (Rangoon)i²² tθo⁵³morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.27

Burmese (Written)i ‘this’morphemeBenedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)î²bhɑk⁴morpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.26

Burmese (Written)î²twɑŋ²morpheme dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.26

Burmese (Written)î²tθo¹morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.26

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishi¹/hi¹ ‘this’Bradley 79 PLo: 454

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish11

Yi (Mojiang)e⁵⁵ ‘this’morphemeSun H 91 ZMYY: 981.26

Yi (Mojiang)e⁵⁵khu̱³³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.26

Yi (Mojiang)e⁵⁵ne̱³³morpheme ‘here’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 982.26

Yi (Nanhua)e³³khu̱⁵⁵#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.24

Yi (Nanhua)i³³ ‘this’morphemeSun H 91 ZMYY: 981.24

Yi (Nanhua)i³³kᴀ³³morpheme ‘here’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 982.24

Yi (Nanhua)i⁵⁵ dem‘this’morphemeHuang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.37

Yi (Nanhua)i⁵⁵khu̱⁵⁵#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.37

Yi (Nanhua)i⁵⁵kɑ³³morpheme dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.37

Yi (Nanhua)i⁵⁵ʂɿ²¹morpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.37

Yi (Xide)hi⁵⁵ko³³morpheme ‘here’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 982.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish4

Yi (Sani)ɪ⁴⁴ dem‘this’morphemeHuang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.39

Yi (Sani)ɪ⁴⁴ o⁵⁵morpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.39

Yi (Sani)ɪ⁴⁴ tɑ⁴⁴morpheme dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.39

Yi (Sani)ɪ⁴⁴ z̩³³morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish10

Hani (Dazhai)je³¹nɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.31

Hani (Lüchun)je³¹nɔ³³morphemexu̱³¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.41

Hani (Shuikui)ji³¹tv̩³³morpheme ‘here’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 982.32

Hani (Shuikui)jɛ⁵⁵ ‘this’morphemeSun H 91 ZMYY: 981.32

Hani (Mojiang)ji³¹tv̩³³morpheme dem‘here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0944.42

Hani (Mojiang)ji⁵⁵ ȵi³³morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.42

Hani (Mojiang)jɛ⁵⁵ dem‘this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.42

Mpihe⁶ ‘this’morphemeSrinuan 76

Mpihiʔ⁵ ‘here’Srinuan 76

Silai55 ga33morpheme a21 lɛ33 ‘this month’Kato 08 Lao: 277

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish9

Southern Mujii²¹kʰɯ³³morphemetʰa⁵⁵ ‘this evening’Pelkey 11 Phula: 75

Southern Mujii²¹χə³³morphemetʰa⁵⁵ ‘this morning’Pelkey 11 Phula: 76

Pholai³³ɕɔ³¹#1837 PTB *s(y)u-ŋ/k ‘WAKE UP / MORNING / CLEAR-HEADED / SOBER UP’nɛ⁵⁵morpheme ‘this morning’Pelkey 11 Phula: 76

Pholaɛ³¹ɬɔ³³morpheme ‘over here’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1100

Pholaɛ⁵⁵ ‘this’morphemePelkey 11 Phula: 1095

Pholaɛ⁵⁵lɑ³³morpheme ‘here’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1099

Pholaɛ⁵⁵vɛ³³morpheme ‘this kind’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1096

Phuzai³¹xɔ³³#1837 PTB *s(y)u-ŋ/k ‘WAKE UP / MORNING / CLEAR-HEADED / SOBER UP’ ‘this morning’Pelkey 11 Phula: 76

Phuzai¹³kʰə⁵⁵morpheme ‘this evening’Pelkey 11 Phula: 75

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old)ʔij ‘this’BaxterSagart 2011: 3390

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)'jij ‘this’BaxterSagart 2011: 3390

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5807, *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5807

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-5807,
  title  = {{*(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay 'THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5807},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5807}
}

*(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay