STEDT
STEDT #2195

*m-day ⪤ *m-di

THAT / THIS / DEICTIC

Reconstruction analysis

handledayinitialdrhymeaycoverT · W

Connections

HPTB*day ‘this / that’p. 207

Notes

As is to be expected with high-frequency grammatical etyma, this root shows some vowel gradation, apparently between *-ay and *-i.

The nasal prefix is attested directly in Written Tibetan and Jingpho, and indirectly by the voiced initial in Written Burmese.

Chinese comparandum

OC *d̑i̯ĕg, GSR #866a-c ‘this’; B & S 2011: *deʔ {[d]eʔ}; Mand. shì.
OC *̵t̑i̯ĕg, GSR #962a-b ‘third person pronoun; attributive particle‘; Schuessler 2007:613 *tə; B & S 2011: *tə; Mand. zhī.

Reflexes & cognates219 reflexes · 18 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group5

Melurithumorpheme-ti adj‘that’Marrison 67 Naga
Rengmatiadj‘that’Marrison 67 Naga
Sema [Sumi]tishimorpheme ‘so (like that)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Mziemeaimorphemede adj‘this’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Bododi ‘that’Bhat 68 Boro

2.1.1Western Himalayish10

Rongpodhi pro.‘this’Sharma 2003: 390
Rongpodhimorpheme pro.‘this (sg. agentive)’Sharma 2003: 383
Rongpodhipumorpheme, dipumorpheme adv.‘on this side’Sharma 2003: 384
Rongpodhirumorpheme pro.‘this (sg.dative)’Sharma 2003: 385
Rongpodhimorpheme pro.‘of this’Sharma 2003: 389
Rongpodhiʃemorpheme, dhisemorpheme pro.‘this (sg. ablative)’Sharma 2003: 386
Rongpodila:pmorpheme adj.‘so big, that large’Sharma 2003: 325
Rongpodimimorpheme adv.‘like this, so’Sharma 2003: 327
Rongpodipumorpheme n.‘this one, this side’Sharma 2003: 329

2.1.2.1Tibetan35

Tibetan (Alike)ndi momorpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.05
Tibetan (Alike)ndə wʑokmorpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.05
Tibetan (Batang)e¹³morpheme de⁵³ dem‘that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0947.03
Tibetan (Batang)e¹³morphemede⁵³ na¹³morpheme na⁵³morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.03
Tibetan (Batang)e⁵⁵morpheme de⁵³ dem‘that (over yonder)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0948.03
Tibetan (Batang)ʔe⁵⁵morpheme de⁵³ dem‘this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.03
Tibetan (Batang)ʔe⁵⁵morpheme de⁵³ na¹³morpheme na⁵³morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.03
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)phen⁵⁵morphemede⁵³ ‘that’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 983.3
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)ʔin⁵⁵morphemede⁵³ ‘this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 981.3
Tibetan (Written)de l-tarmorpheme ‘so (like that)’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)de ltarmorpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.01
Tibetan (Written)de phjogsmorpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.01
Tibetan (Written)ɦdi phjogsmorpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.01
Tibetan (Written)ɦdi ɦdramorpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.01
Tibetan (Xiahe)ndə tshamorpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.04
Tibetan (Xiahe)ndə ɕemorpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.04

3.2Qiangic31

Ersuthɛ⁵⁵ ‘this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 981.18
Ersuɑ³³prefixthɛ⁵⁵ ‘that’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 983.18
Guiqiongti⁵⁵ki⁵⁵morpheme ‘this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 981.17
Lyuzuthe³³su̵⁵³morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.18
Pumi (Jiulong)dɯ¹¹tɕho⁵⁵morpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.10
Pumi (Jiulong)dɯ¹¹ȵẽ⁵⁵morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.10
Pumi (Lanping)di¹³ta⁵⁵morphemetshɑ̃u¹³morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.09
Pumi (Lanping)də¹³pe⁵⁵morpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.09
Pumi (Lanping)tə⁵⁵pe⁵⁵morpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.09
Pumi (Lanping)tə⁵⁵ta⁵⁵morphemetshɑ̃u¹³morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.09
Pumi (Taoba)u⁵⁵prefixti⁵³ ‘this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 981.10
Qiang (Longxi)thà ‘that (less distant)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1384
Qiang (Longxi)thá ‘that (more distant)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1384.1
Qiang (Longxi)thà dámorpheme qèmorpheme ‘at that time’Evans 99 Qiang: 1148
Qiang (Longxi)thà piámorpheme qhuàmorpheme ‘that side, there’Evans 99 Qiang: 1388
Qiang (Longxi)thà tɕhímorpheme qhuàmorpheme ‘that side, there’Evans 99 Qiang: 1388
Qiang (Mawo)thɛ khʂɛmorpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.08
Xumithi⁵³ dem‘that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0947.17
Xumithi⁵⁵bɛ³³morphemesi³³morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.17
Xumithɛ³³za³³morphemehĩ⁵⁵morpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.17

3.3.1rGyalrong43

rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)'tɕə5morphemetə53 ‘this’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2025
rGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)wumorpheme təi ‘that, that... over there’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2031

6.1.1Burmish27

Achang (Longchuan)the⁵¹ the⁵⁵ dem‘that (over yonder)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0948.28
Achang (Longchuan)the⁵⁵ miu⁵⁵morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.28
Achang (Longchuan)the⁵⁵ thɔʔ⁵⁵morpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.28
Achang (Xiandao)thɛ⁵⁵ dem‘that (over yonder)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0948.29
Achang (Xiandao)thɛ⁵⁵ su³¹morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.29
Achang (Xiandao)thɛ⁵⁵pa³¹morpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.29
Bola (Luxi)thɔ̆i⁵⁵khja³¹morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.32
Bola (Luxi)thɔ̆i⁵⁵khja⁵⁵morpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.32
Langsu (Luxi)thø⁵⁵ dem‘that (over yonder)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0948.31
Langsu (Luxi)thø⁵⁵ khjɔ³¹morpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.31
Langsu (Luxi)thø⁵⁵ʒu³¹morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.31
Leqi (Luxi)thə³³phjaŋ⁵⁵morpheme dem‘that side / there’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0951.33
Leqi (Luxi)thə³³su⁵⁵morpheme dem‘that (way) / (like) that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0952.33
Marma-morpheme ‘hither / this way’Huziwara 08 Sak: 423-2
Marmathe ‘that (proximal)’Huziwara 08 Sak: 421-1

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish6

Gazhuotɛ³³ni³³morphemeta⁵⁵morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.47
Gazhuotɛ³³pi³¹morpheme dem‘this side / here’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0945.47
Yi (Xide)a³³prefixdi⁵⁵ ‘that’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 983.21
Yi (Xide)ɑ³³prefixdi³³ko³³morpheme dem‘that (over yonder)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0948.35
Yi (Xide)ɑ³³prefixdi⁵⁵ dem‘that’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0947.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish18

Lisuthe̱³³ dem‘this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0942.40
Lisuthe̱³³ le³³morpheme dem‘thus / this (way) / (like) this’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0946.40
Lisuthe⁴⁴(mɑ⁴⁴morpheme) ‘this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 981.27
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ P‘this; these’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³lø³³morpheme ‘this way; so; like this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³lø³³morpheme gɔ³³morphemepɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘after that; since; later’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme ‘this one; this is’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme ba³³morphemesi³³morpheme ‘besides or apart from this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme ji⁵⁵morphemeba²¹morpheme kwa³³morpheme ‘apart from or besides this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme ka³³morphemetæ³³morpheme ‘besides or except this; above’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme ka⁵⁵morphemenæ⁵⁵morpheme ‘from this time on’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme kwa³³morphemene⁵⁵morpheme ‘from here; starting from this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme leʔ²¹morpheme ma²¹morphemetshi³morpheme ‘not only this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme tæ⁵⁵morpheme ‘towards this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ma³³morpheme vu⁵⁵morphemeni³³morpheme ‘therefore; because of this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)thø³³ma³³morpheme vu⁵⁵morphemeɲi³³morpheme ‘therefore; because of this’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³thæ²¹morpheme ‘this time’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thø³³ʃɿ²¹morpheme ‘this kind; these’Bradley 94 Lisu

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2195, *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2195
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#021
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2195,
  title  = {{*m-day ⪤ *m-di 'THAT / THIS / DEICTIC'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2195},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2195}
}